How did the colonists treat the Native Americans?
Some colonial governments used the devastation as a way to convert the natives to Christianity, making them into “praying Indians” and moving them to “praying towns,” or reservations. Colonist-Native American relations worsened over the course of the 17 th century, resulting in a bloody conflict known as the First Indian War, or King Philip’s War.
Why were Native Americans vulnerable to disease during the colonial era?
Native Americans were also vulnerable during the colonial era because they had never been exposed to European diseases, like smallpox, so they didn’t have any immunity to the disease, as some Europeans did.
How are Native Americans treated by Caucasians?
Even today, the treatment of Native Americans by Caucasians is abysmal. Reservations, as an effect of many laws enacted by the U.S. government, have been relegated to poverty. According to the Atlantic, Native Americans have a rate of poverty of almost twice the national average, the highest of all racial groups in America.
How has the federal government treated Native Americans?
The federal government’s treatment towards native reservations is similar to that of an absentee parent: neglecting to attend to their needs yet refusing to give them the freedom and ability to grow on their own. Throughout history, natives have been given three dismal choices: assimilation, relocation, or genocide.
Which of the following was a source of tension between English colonists and Native Americans?
Which of the following was a source of tension between English colonists and Native Americans? Efforts to convert Native Americans to Protestantism sometimes led to conflict.
What was one way in which Native Americans challenged English colonial domination in North America?
What was one way in which Native Americans challenged English colonial domination in North America? They wielded enough influence to tip the balance of power in North America in favor of, or against, the English. What was one difficulty associated with the Sugar Act of 1764?
What was the most common means for colonists to acquire Native American slaves quizlet?
Wars offered the most common means for colonists to acquire Native American slaves. African slaves were a cheaper, more plentiful labor source than indentured servants, who were mostly poor Europeans.
What is the most important reason for the marked change in African population in the southern British mainland colonies beginning in 1680?
What is the most important reason for the marked change in the African population in the Southern British mainland colonies beginning in 1680? Bacon's rebellion led plantation owners to search out a source of labor that could be more easily controlled.
How did the Spanish treat the natives?
The Spanish attitude toward the Indians was that they saw themselves as guardians of the Indians basic rights. The Spanish goal was for the peaceful submission of the Indians. The laws of Spain controlled the conduct of soldiers during wars, even when the tribes were hostile.
How did the British treat the natives?
The Native Americans were forced to give up their lands so the colonists could grow even more tobacco. In addition to their desire for land, the English also used religion to justify bloodshed. In 1637, New England Puritans exterminated thousands of Pequot Indians, including women and children.
What was the most common means for colonists to acquire and enslave Native Americans?
Wars offered the most common means for colonists to acquire enslaved Native Americans. Seventeenth-century European legal thought held that enslaving prisoners of war was not only legal but more merciful than killing the captives outright.
Which colonies had a majority enslaved African population?
South Carolina had been a slave colony from its founding and, by 1750, was the only mainland colony with a majority enslaved African population.
How did slavery play a role in the success of the British colonies?
Slavery formed a cornerstone of the British Empire in the 18th century. Every colony had enslaved people, from the southern rice plantations in Charles Town, South Carolina, to the northern wharves of Boston. Slavery was more than a labor system; it also influenced every aspect of colonial thought and culture.
How were people in the middle colonies different from those in the New England and southern colonies?
the major difference between new england and middle colonies was the quality of land. the middle colonies had rich farmland and a moderate climate, which made farming easier than it was in New England. Many people made their livings raising live stock or growing grain.
In which of the following British North American colonies was slavery legally established by the early 1700s?
Virginia would become the first British colony to legally establish slavery in 1661. Maryland and the Carolinas were soon to follow. The only Southern colony to resist the onset of slavery was Georgia, created as an Enlightened experiment.
Which of the following were the most common elements of the African-American cultures within the North American colonies?
Which of the following were the most common elements of the African-American cultures within the North American colonies? The experience of being enslaved. The desire for freedom. Identify the effects that the Great Awakening had on life in the colonies.
Why did the indigenous peoples of Florida treat de Soto and his men warily?
The indigenous peoples of present-day Florida treated de Soto and his men warily because the Europeans who had visited the region previously had often, but not consistently, proved violent.
What were the Southwest tribes doing during the Spanish rule?
During subsequent periods, the Southwest tribes engaged in a variety of nonviolent forms of resistance to Spanish rule. Some Pueblo families fled their homes and joined Apachean foragers, influencing the Navajo and Apache cultures in ways that continue to be visible even in the 21st century.
How did the Powhatan War end?
The so-called Powhatan War continued sporadically until 1644, eventually resulting in a new boundary agreement between the parties; the fighting ended only after a series of epidemics had decimated the region’s native population, which shrank even as the English population grew. Within five years, colonists were flouting the new boundary and were once again poaching in Powhatan territory. Given the persistence of the mid-Atlantic Algonquians, their knowledge of local terrain, and their initially large numbers, many scholars argue that the Algonquian alliance might have succeeded in eliminating the English colony had Powhatan pressed his advantage in 1611 or had its population not been subsequently decimated by epidemic disease.
What was the name of the rebellion that led to the Spanish defeat of the Pueblo peoples?
Such depredations instigated a number of small rebellions from about 1640 onward and culminated in the Pueblo Rebellion (1680)—a synchronized strike by the united Pueblo peoples against the Spanish missions and garrisons.
What were the missionaries known for?
They were known to beat, dismember, torture, and execute Indians who attempted to maintain traditional religious practices; these punishments were also meted out for civil offenses.
Where did the first English settlement occur?
In 1607 this populous area was chosen to be the location of the first permanent English settlement in the Americas, the Jamestown Colony. Acting from a position of strength, the Powhatan were initially friendly to the people of Jamestown , providing the fledgling group with food and the use of certain lands.
Which group spoke Algonquian languages?
The mid-Atlantic Algonquians. The mid-Atlantic groups that spoke Algonquian languages were among the most populous and best-organized indigenous nations in Northern America at the time of European landfall.
What were the requirements for Indians to survive the invasion?
Indians who survived the initial invasion were required to work and to accept Christianity. If they refused, they could be forced to comply. Many did resist and a system was devised to deal with them. It was known as the encomienda. Under this system Indians were regarded as part of the land: When land grants were made to settlers, the native inhabitants became a part of the grant. As property of the landowners, they could be forced to work without being technically enslaved. At the same time they were to be converted to Christianity by the local priests.
What was the system of Indians being regarded as part of the land?
It was known as the encomienda. Under this system Indians were regarded as part of the land: When land grants were made to settlers, the native inhabitants became a part of the grant. As property of the landowners, they could be forced to work without being technically enslaved.
What was the purpose of the Requerimiento?
Written in Spanish or Latin, and thus unintelligible to the natives, Requerimiento was intended to inform them that they were about to become subjects of the Spanish Crown. If they submitted peacefully, all would be well, but if not, they would be attacked and enslaved.
What were the two elements that the British and Indians were based on?
The two elements which it was based upon could not sustain cordiality: trade and land occupancy. In most cases the trade relation was based upon an exchange of furs for trinkets, firearms, and blankets. When the furbearing animals were depleted the Indians had nothing to exchange and they became embittered. As for land, the British frequently attempted to buy land from the natives, but the Indian concept of ownership and exchange of title was nothing like that of the Europeans. This difference led to misunderstandings which often resulted in conflict.
What was Columbus' first illegal act?
Columbus' first illegal act was to ship five hundred Indians back to Spain as slaves. When Queen Isabella heard of this, she immediately ordered that the Indians be freed and sent back to Hispaniola.
What was the mission system in the New World?
Beginning in the middle years of the sixteenth century, Spanish priests, with the support of the Crown, began to establish supervised communities in frontier areas . A few priests would go into an area, learn the local Indian dialect, and begin to preach the gospel. They would persuade the Indians to build a village, accept Christianity, and settle into a sedentary life. The process was extremely dangerous and sometimes the friars lost their lives; however, they often succeeded.
When did Christopher Columbus land on Hispaniola?
NATIVE AMERICANS, TREATMENT OF ( SPAIN VS. ENGLAND) (ISSUE) When Christopher Columbus landed on the island of Hispaniola in 1492, he met natives there. When this was reported to Queen Isabella of Spain, she immediately decreed that the natives (Indians as the Spanish would call them) were her subjects and were morally equal to all her other ...
What did Native Americans provide?
The Native Americans provided skins, hides, food, knowledge, and other crucial materials and supplies, while the settlers traded beads and other types of currency (also known as “ wampum ”) in exchange for these goods. Ideas were traded alongside physical goods, with wampum sometimes carrying religious significance as well.
What were the problems that the colonists brought to the New World?
Although the colonists suffered diseases of their own early on, they were largely immune to the microbes they brought over to the New World.
What religion did the New England colonies practice?
The primary religion of the New England colonies was the strict Puritan Christianity originally brought to the Massachusetts Bay colony by ships like the Mayflower, but as the colonies grew and changed, some of the colonists began to move away from that base. So too did views on the Native Americans who shared their land.
What were the first conflicts in the Northeast?
In the first English colonies in the Northeast (as well as in Virginia), there were initial conflicts and concerns over the threat colonists posed to the Native Americans’ long-established territory. Still, colonists were able to build thriving colonies with the help of locals. Trade was one of the first bridges between New England colonists ...
What was the purpose of trade in the New World?
Trade was one of the first bridges between New England colonists and local Native American populations. For the colonists, it was about building the infrastructure and relationships they would need to stay and thrive in the New World. For the Native Americans, it was often about building potential alliances. After only five years, the Plymouth ...
How many Native Americans were there in the 1600s?
In the 1600s, when the first English settlers began to arrive in New England, there were about 60,000 Native Americans living in what would later become the New England colonies (Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, Connecticut, New Haven, and Rhode Island). In the first English colonies in the Northeast (as well as in Virginia), ...
Why was the Plymouth colony not dependent on England?
After only five years, the Plymouth Colony was no longer financially dependent on England due to the roots and local economy it had built alongside the native Massachusetts peoples. Both sides benefited from the trade and bartering system established by the native peoples and the colonists.
Why did the colony of Pennsylvania attract immigrants?
Because of its Quaker roots, the colony of Pennsylvania attracted immigrants who were
What led plantation owners to search out a source of labor that could be more easily controlled?
Bacon's Rebellion led plantation owners to search out a source of labor that could be more easily controlled
What did the British settlers envision?
British settlers envisioned the colonies would be similar to their home country
What were New England farms like?
compared to the large plantations in the South, New England farms were mostly small, family-run farms that lacked a need for slave labor
Which religions experienced more toleration from their Protestant brethren?
Roman Catholics experienced more toleration from their Protestant brethren
What caused a high demand for enslaved labor?
a long growing season and growth of sugar plantations created a high demand for enslaved labor
How are Native Americans treated today?
Even today, the treatment of Native Americans by Caucasians is abysmal. Reservations, as an effect of many laws enacted by the U.S. government, have been relegated to poverty. According to the Atlantic, Native Americans have a rate of poverty of almost twice the national average, the highest of all racial groups in America. This is a problem that originates with the government, as they make it nearly impossible for those who live on reservations to move upward in society. To simply receive a permit for energy development on reservations, companies must go through at least four federal agencies and 49 steps, according to Forbes. By contrast, off reservation, it takes only four steps. In addition, legally speaking, tribes are not capable of owning or managing their lands. Forbes writes that the government is the legal owner of all land and assets on reservations, and, because of this, they cannot mortgage their assets for loans like other Americans. The government agencies in charge and the laws in place withhold economic growth from occurring on native reservations.
What are the three choices that Native Americans have been given?
Throughout history, natives have been given three dismal choices: assimilation, relocation, or genocide. The harsh reality of America’s history is the fact that the treatment of Native Americans is now and always has been grotesque.
What is the history of ethnic genocide?
Our history is one of ethnic genocide towards natives, and it has transgressed with the glorification of murder. The presidency of Andrew Jackson saw hundreds of atrocities by the government of Native Americans. Jackson’s Indian Removal Act of 1830 legalized and glorified ethnic cleansing.
What happened to the Pequot Indians?
Celebrating the beginning of their yearly corn harvest with their four-day long Green Corn Ceremony, the Pequot Indians were unsuspecting victims of a massacre. Early in the morning, members of the Massachusetts Bay Colony arrived and brutally murdered 700 unarmed tribal members, as stated by Huffington Post.
What was the first step in confining Indian tribes to small, impoverished reservations?
The events that followed contributed to the bleak future of the natives. In 1851, Congress passed the Indian Appropriation Act , the first step in officially confining tribes to small, impoverished reservations. Forced assimilation permitted by the Dawes Act did not bode well for the tribes, either.
Why is our nation born in genocide?
Print. “Our nation was born in genocide when it embraced the doctrine that the original American, the Indian, was an inferior race.” -Martin Luther King Jr., Why We Can’t Wait. The introduction of a vast new land to the conquistadors and the explorers of the European world marked the end of culture for the indigenous peoples of America.
Which department is responsible for the most serious crimes on reservations?
The Justice Department, which is responsible for attending to the most serious crimes on reservations, only files charges in about half of the murder investigations, according to the New York Times. In addition, they turn down nearly two-thirds of sexual assault cases, enabling a high rate of crime to continue.
Why was religion used in Native American colonial life?
Religion was often used to justify the poor treatment of the natives. Both England’s economic system and religion led to Native American oppression. John Rolfe introduced tobacco to the colony of Jamestown, Virginia in 1612. Jamestown’s tobacco growers made a lot of money by trading tobacco with the Europeans.
Why did the colonists give up their land?
The Native Americans were forced to give up their lands so the colonists could grow even more tobacco. In addition to their desire for land, the English also used religion to justify bloodshed.
What were the Spanish conquistadors cruel to?
The Spanish conquistadors were unquestionably cruel to Native Americans. England’s colonists, however, were equally hostile toward the natives they encountered. The success of England’s colonies depended on the exploitation of Native Americans who were forced off their lands. Religion was often used to justify the poor treatment of the natives.
Did the Puritans believe God supported the extermination of the Pequot?
The Pequot had previously killed several English captains so the Puritans claimed God supported their extermination of the Pequot for the killing of Englishmen. Since they were Christians and the Pequot were seen as heathens, the Puritans felt justified in their actions. Like this: Like.
When did the colonists stop seizing Native lands?
Months earlier, in 1763, George III had announced that the colonies would no longer seize Native lands or purchase it without treaties. For the first time, Native Americans’ rights to their own tribal lands had been recognized in the laws of one of North America’s colonial conquerors.
What did Britain give to the Native Americans?
Britain ceded Canada, and France gave Britain all of the territory east of the Mississippi River. But what seemed like an opportunity for British expansion was soon tainted by British colonists’ appetite for settlement and Native Americans’ fear of incursion.
How did the law of the land help the American Revolution?
The law helped lay the groundwork for the American Revolution—and tensions between would-be settlers and Native Americans nervous about the settlers’ intentions fueled future conflict. Soon, the frontier would become an even more contested zone, and settlers from the newly founded United States would change the fates of the American continent’s indigenous residents forever.
What was the British attempt at biological warfare?
The fighting was brutal, writes historian David Dixon. “There can be little doubt that the English and their Indian adversaries both indulged in unspeakable forms of terror and violence,” he writes —including torture, scalping and hostage taking on both sides. British officers even made a brief attempt at biological warfare at Fort Pitt, where at least one British diplomat gave smallpox-infected blankets and handkerchiefs to representatives of the Delaware tribe.
What was the policy of the United States in 1834?
By then, though, the government had already adopted a policy of “Indian removal” under which Native Americans were pushed out of their ancestral lands. The policy pressured tribes to leave their lands in exchange for lands further west.
When did the National Atlas of the United States become void?
National Atlas of the United States/Wikimedia Commons. Just 13 years after it set out the Indian Reserve, the proclamation became void in the newly founded United States. Between 1790 and 1847, the new country set forth a variety of laws that dictated how Americans could trade with and treat Native Americans.
Where did the Native Americans meet?
Their destination was Fort Niagara in New York, where dozens of Nations would meet to negotiate a new alliance with the British.
