What are the factors associated with nonadherence to antiretroviral treatment?
Which assessment finding is not likely to cause noncompliance with antiretroviral treatment? a) ... Explanation: Past substance abuse has not been implicated as a factor for noncompliance with antiretroviral treatment. Factors associated with nonadherence include active substance abuse, depression, and lack of social support. ...
How does past substance abuse affect noncompliance with antiretroviral treatment?
Jun 13, 2020 · Which assessment finding is not likely to cause noncompliance with antiretroviral treatment? answer. past substance abuse. question. A patient receiving antiretroviral therapy is complaining of “not urinating enough.” What is the nurse’s best action? answer. Assess BUN and …
What is the most important consideration in decisions to initiate antiretroviral therapy?
The most commonly cited categories of patient factors linked to non-adherence are (1) cognitive/behavioral factors related to antiretroviral therapy (ART) such as self-efficacy to adhere to antiretroviral treatment, and outcome expectancies regarding effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment; (2) mental health and substance abuse disorders; and ...
What does the nurse advise a patient with a negative antibody test?
Which assessment finding is not likely to cause noncompliance with antiretroviral treatment? Past substance abuse. A patient taking amprenavir (APV, Agenerase) complains of "getting fat." What is the nurse's best action? Teach the patient about medication side effects.
Which test measures the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy?
The purpose of this study is to determine how laboratory tests called genotyping and phenotyping assess the effectiveness of antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV infection.
Which is usually the most important consideration in the decision to initiate antiretroviral therapy?
[17,18] Regardless of CD4 cell count, the decision to initiate ART should always include consideration of any co-morbid conditions, the willingness and readiness of the patient to initiate therapy, and the availability of resources.
What are the effects of antiretroviral therapy?
Other side effects from antiretroviral drugs can include:hypersensitivity or allergic reactions, with symptoms such as fever, nausea, and vomiting.bleeding.bone loss.heart disease.high blood sugar and diabetes.lactic acidosis (high lactic acid levels in the blood)kidney, liver, or pancreas damage.More items...
Does antiretroviral treatment need ongoing monitoring?
Proper utilization of antiretroviral therapy (ART) requires ongoing patient monitoring to assess therapeutic response and to identify adverse events related to chronic administration of potentially toxic medications.Jun 15, 2020
When should HAART be initiated?
Although some HIV-infected pregnant women have conceived on HAART, a significant proportion initiate treatment during pregnancy, primarily to reduce the MTCT risk and the recommendations for when HAART is initiated vary from 10–12 weeks to by 28 weeks gestation.Jun 1, 2012
What client is most vulnerable to infection with cytomegalovirus CMV?
Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is very common....However, doctors consider the possibility of CMV infection in the following people:Otherwise healthy people who have fever and fatigue.People who have a weakened immune system. ... Newborns who seem sick.
What is HAART used for?
Treatment that uses a combination of three or more drugs to treat HIV infection. HAART stops the virus from making copies of itself in the body. This may lessen the damage to the immune system caused by HIV and may slow down the development of AIDS.
Does zidovudine cause constipation?
constipation, trouble sleeping (insomnia), loss of appetite, joint pain, and.
What is Nrti?
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) block reverse transcriptase (an HIV enzyme). HIV uses reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA into DNA (reverse transcription). Blocking reverse transcriptase and reverse transcription prevents HIV from replicating.
What is Haart monitored?
HAART consists of combinations of inhibitors of either RT (the nucleoside and non-nucleoside RT inhibitors) or HIV specific protease. Viral load monitoring helps clinicians by suggesting when HAART should be initiated and when it should be reviewed.
What is perinatal transmission?
Perinatal, or mother-to-child HIV transmission happens when a pregnant person living with HIV passes HIV to their baby. It can happen during pregnancy, delivery, and through breastfeeding.
A diabetic patient is started on intensive insulin therapy. The nurse will plan to teach the patient about mealtime coverage using _____ insulin. a. NPH b. lispro c. detemir d. glargine
B Rationale: Rapid or short acting insulin is used for mealtime coverage for patients receiving intensive insulin therapy. NPH, glargine, or dete...
You are caring for a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. What information is essential to include in your patient teaching before discharge from the hospital? (select all that apply) a. insulin administration b. elimination of sugar from diet c. need to reduce physical activity d. use of a portable blood glucose monitor e. signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
A, D, E - The nurse ensures that the patient understands the proper use of insulin. The nurse teaches the patient how to use the portable blood glu...
Which one of the following methods/techniques will the nurse use when giving insulin to a thin person? [Hint] A. Pinch the skin up and use a 90 degree angle B. Use a 45 degree angle with the skin pinched up C. Massage the area of injection after injecting the insulin D. Warm the skin with a warmed towel or washcloth prior to the injection
a. Pinch the skin up and use a 90 degree angle The best angle for a thin person is 90 degrees with the skin pinched up. The area is not massaged...
The physician orders a transfusion with packed red blood cells (RBCs) for a patient hospitalized with severe iron deficiency anemia. When blood is administered, what is the most important action the nurse can take to prevent a transfusion reaction? a) Premedicate the patient with acetaminophen (Tylenol) b) Administer the blood as soon as it arrives c) Stay with the patient during the first 15 minutes of the transfusion d) Verify the patient identification according to hospital policy
d) Verify the patient identification according to hospital policy Explanation: Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions are preventable. Improper...
A patient with type 1 diabetes has received diet instruction as part of the treatment plan. The nurse determines a need for additional instruction when the patient says, a. "I may have an occasional alcoholic drink if I include it in my meal plan." b. "I will need a bedtime snack because I take an evening dose of NPH insulin." c. "I will eat meals as scheduled, even if I am not hungry, to prevent hypoglycemia." d. "I may eat whatever I want, as long as I use enough insulin to cover the calories."
D Rationale: Most patients with type 1 diabetes need to plan diet choices very carefully. Patients who are using intensified insulin therapy have c...
A patient receiving antiretroviral therapy is complaining of “not urinating enough.” What is the nurse’s best action? a) Assess liver function tests. b) Administer fluids 100 mL/hour via IV therapy. c) Assess BUN and creatinine. d) Encourage the patient to drink more fluids.
c) Assess BUN and creatinine. Explanation: Adverse effects associated with antiretroviral therapy include potential nephrotoxicity. Assessing...
One hour after the completion of a fresh frozen plasma transfusion, a patient complains of shortness of breath and is very anxious. The patient’s vital signs are BP 98/60, HR 110, temperature 99.4ºF, and SaO2 88%. Auscultation of the lungs reveals posterior coarse crackles to the mid and lower lobes bilaterally. Based on the symptoms, the nurse suspects the patient is experiencing which of the following problems? a) Delayed hemolytic reaction b) Bacterial contamination of blood c) Transfusion-related acute lung injury d) Exacerbation of congestive heart failure
c) Transfusion-related acute lung injury Explanation: Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a potentially fatal, idiosyncratic reac...
Which assessment finding is not likely to cause noncompliance with antiretroviral treatment? a) Depression b) Past substance abuse c) Lack of social support d) Active substance abuse
b) Past substance abuse Explanation: Past substance abuse has not been implicated as a factor for noncompliance with antiretroviral treatment....
A patient being treated for HIV/AIDS has a decreased appetite, almost to the point of anorexia. What is the nurse’s best action? a) Talk to the patient about his unwillingness to eat. b) Ask the dietician to prepare his favorite meals. c) Administer megestrol acetate (Megace). d) Ask his family to bring in food that he enjoys.
c) Administer megestrol acetate (Megace). Explanation: Appetite stimulants are successfully used in patients with AIDS-related anorexia. The a...
What does a negative HIV test mean?
A negative test result indicates that antibodies to HIV are not present in the blood at the time the blood sample for the test is drawn. A negative test result should be interpreted as demonstrating that if infected, the body has not produced antibodies (which take from 3 weeks to 6 months or longer).
What does a nurse do when a patient has AIDS?
The nurse completes a history and physical assessment on a patient with AIDS who was admitted to the hospital with respiratory complications. The nurse knows to assess for the most common infection in persons with AIDS (80% occurrence).
What happens when HIV enters the host cell?
Once HIV enters the host cell, attachment occurs in which the glycoproteins of HIV bind with the host's uninfected CD4+ receptor and chemokine coreceptors. This is followed by uncoating, in which HIV's viral core is emptied into the CD4+ T cell. Cleavage and budding occur as the last steps.
What is the O2 saturation of a patient with HIV?
A patient with HIV develops a nonproductive cough, shortness of breath, a fever of 101°F and an O2 saturation of 92%. What infection caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci does the nurse know could occur with this patient?
What is the primary infection of HIV?
Primary infection is the period from the infection with HIV to the development of antibodies to HIV. The viral load test measures plasma HIV RNA levels. Viral set point is the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response. Anergy is the absence of an immune response.
How many subtypes of HIV are there?
Two HIV subtypes have been identified: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 mutates easily and frequently, producing multiple substrains that are identified by letters from A through O. HIV-2 is less transmittable, and the interval between initial infection with HIV-2 and development of AIDS is longer.
What is the ESR test?
The ESR is an indicator of the presence of inflammation in the body. The p24 antigen is a blood test that measures viral core protein.
What does the nurse advise a patient who has received a negative test result from his HIV antibody test
pg. 1005. The nurse receives a phone call at the clinic from the family of a patient with AIDS.
What does it mean when a patient has received the results of his HIV antibody test, which is positive?
The nurse explains that this result means that: He has been infected and has produced antibodies. pg. 1005. A client with AIDS is admitted to the hospital with severe diarrhea and dehydration.
What does a nurse do when a patient has AIDS?
The nurse completes a history and physical assessment on a patient with AIDS who was admitted to the hospital with respiratory complications. The nurse knows to assess for the most common infection in persons with AIDS (80% occurrence). This is: