The primary use of ferric chloride is to remove impurities in water and for wastewater treatment. Ferric Chloride Solution is an excellent source of Fe3+ ions where the application demands a strong inorganic cationic metal salt. The applications where Ferric Chloride Solution is often the product of choice.
What is ferric chloride used for water treatment?
This is one of the few water treatment chemicals that can sequester odors. In the U.S., more than 80 percent of all ferric chloride is sold in municipal bids, with 65 percent sold for municipal wastewater applications, and 18 percent for potable water treatment applications.
What is ferric salt used for in wastewater treatment?
In water and wastewater treatment operations, ferric salts are used as coagulants or flocculants, for odor control to minimize hydrogen sulfide release, for phosphorus removal, and as a sludge thickening, conditioning and dewatering agent. Municipal wastewater treatment
Is alum or ferric chloride better for your water treatment plant?
To the vast majority of water treaters, who struggle with meeting required levels for TOC and DBPs, there are likely better solutions for your plant than alum and ferric chloride.
What are the advantages of using ferric sulphate instead of ferric chloride?
Some of the additional benefits for the use of ferric sulphate are: * Precipitation of sulphur compounds. * Increased efficiency in SS and BOD5 elimination. * Reduction in energy consumption in the biological process. * Lower corrosion and longer lifetime for the mechanical equipment in the plant compared to the use of ferric chloride.
Where do you use ferric chloride?
It is used to treat sewage, industrial waste, to purify water, as an etching agent for engraving circuit boards, and in the manufacture of other chemicals. Ferric chloride, solution appears as a colorless to light brown aqueous solution that has a faint hydrochloric acid odor.
Why is ferric chloride used as a coagulant?
Ferric chloride is the coagulant of choice for many industrial and sanitary wastewater treatment applications, due to its high efficiency, effectiveness in clarification, and utility as a sludge dewatering agent. The chemical leaves slight residual color, and offers very good turbidity removal.
How does ferric chloride clean water?
As a flocculant, chemicals that help small particles in water clump together so they can be removed, Ferric Chloride is dissolved in solution, where it forms an aqueous brown tinted solution. The solution is used to clear water of particles.
What is a common use of alum and ferric chloride in drinking water treatment?
Both alum and ferric chloride can be used to generate inorganic polymeric coagulants. These coagulants are typically generated by partially neutralizing concentrated solutions of alum or ferric chloride with a base such as sodium hydroxide prior to their use in the coagulation process (AWWA and ASCE, 1990).
Does ferric chloride lower pH?
Iron-based coagulants, such as ferric chloride, ferric sulphate and PFS®, are not that popular in Australia and tend be more expensive than alum on an equivalent dose basis. They also consume more alkalinity than alum, and hence tend to depress pH of the dosed water much more.
Is ferric chloride a flocculant?
A very common flocculant is Ferric Chloride (FeCl3), but more complex polymers are also used to combine with solid particles in primary waste water treatment station feeds to form sludge as part of the clarification process.
Why is ferric chloride added in water?
The primary use of ferric chloride is to remove impurities in water and for wastewater treatment. Ferric chloride is also one of the few water treatment chemicals that can sequester odors.
What happens when ferric chloride is added to water?
Ferric Chloride or Iron (III) Chloride (FeCl3) is used as a flocculant in sewage treatment and drinking water production. When small quantities of ferric chloride are added to the raw water, iron(III) hydroxide precipitates and adsorbs finely divided solids and colloids.
What is use of ferric chloride in aquaculture?
Although ferric chloride application has not been evaluated for aquaculture pond treat- ment, it has a potential use in the removal of phosphorus from pond wa- ters. Ferric chloride treatment at 5 mg/L to 35 mg/L removes phosphorus from pond waters (Rowan 2001).
What is the difference between alum and ferric chloride?
You will find that alum produces less sludge compared to ferric based coagulant and is more tolerant to temperature and also the optimum range is wider for alum based coagulant. It is important the ionic structure of the water. You can not use alum or ferric chloride for all waters.
Does alum increase pH of water?
Alum (aluminum sulfate; Al2(SO4)3. 14H2O) is acidic in water and can reduce total alkalinity and pH by neutralizing carbonate and bicarbonate compounds with a greater decline in pH when applied to water with low initial total alkalinity (Boyd 1979a; 1990; Wilkinson 2002).
Is ferric sulphate a coagulant?
2 Ferric Sulfate as Coagulant and the Chemical Reactions. Like alum, ferric sulfate also requires alkalinity in the water in order to form the flock particles ferric hydroxide [Fe(OH)3].
How to treat water after screening?
Once the water has been screened it can be treated by physical/chemical processes or by biological treatment. According to our experience the chemical treatment process is the most suitable because it requires less space, is easier to operate and is less sensitive. However, the best alternative we have seen is a combination of physical, ...
What is the function of water in chicken processing plants?
Water has four basic functions in most chicken processing plants (CPPs): to clean the animal channels during the process and afterwards; to cool down the channels after taking out the internals (guts); to clean the installation in general. Wastewater generated at the CPP has a high concentration of colloidal suspended solids (blood) ...
How is sludge removed from a DAF?
The sludge floats to the surface due to the dissolved air, and is removed from the surface by means of a continuous scraping device built into the top of the DAF. Clarified water is discharged or recycled at the plant for purposes such as washing crates or trucks. p.
Can chicken water be treated?
Following on from what has been mentioned earlier, the wastewater treatment process always starts with the processing of the chicken. It is clear that the water can only be treated adequately when it has not been polluted more than is necessary. The best way of treating wastewater from the CPP requires that it will be treated ...
Is ferric sulphate a coagulant?
Ferric sulphate is a primary coagulant in granular form based on trivalent iron (Fe+3), and can be dissolved easily to give a Fe content of 10.011.8percent. This coagulant works well in a wide range of pH and does not have the same operational problems as ferric chloride. System efficiency.
What is ferric chloride?
Ferric chloride is a configuration of iron that can be used for treating drinking water in the water treatment process. Ferric chloride can purify water of many different PH balances and can help remove any discoloration present in the water. Ferric chloride can also work to purify drinking water at a lower dose than comparable sulfate-based ...
What happens if you store ferric chloride?
If stored improperly, ferric chloride can cause a reaction known as defoliation, the process of leaf removal, to any plant matter within range. To help prevent this unfortunate side-effect, it is highly recommended that you purchase tank lids that are fume-tight.
Does ferric chloride purify water?
Ferric chloride can also work to purify drinking water at a lower dose than comparable sulfate-based coagulants. Interestingly, when used to purify drinking water, ferric chloride produces a by-product substance that has a very high iron content.
Can you use fibreglass in ferric chloride tanks?
Though fibreglass can be a potentially effective storage solution for your ferric chloride storage tanks needs, it is always important to take the proper precautions and use the correct protective measures when working with, or around, a chemical like ferric chloride. When looking for ferric sulfate storage tanks, consider Belding Tank.
Is ferric chloride safe to drink?
Ultimately, ferric chloride can be an effective and low-cost option for purifying drinking water. However, it is important to store ferric chloride securely and safely. Ferric chloride is what is known as a high fuming chemical.
Is Fe II a reducing agent?
However, if your treated effluent contains residual excess oxidizer or Cr (VI), Fe (II) may be advantageous as a reducing agent. Also, Fe (III) compounds are more expensive than Fe (II), and their solutions are less easily pumped due to lower solubilities.
Does Fe sulfate increase TDS?
2) Yes, either Fe sulfate will increase the TDS, as the Fe precipitates as hydroxide, leaving sulfate ion in solution. Soluble sulfate can be lowered to ~2000 ppm with lime, but this may be too high for effluent limits, e.g., for reuse in irrigation.
Is ferric sulfate a coagulant?
1) Ferric sulfate is superior as a coagulant, especially for co-precipitating other metals as hydroxides . "Not only do the Fe (III) cations as the positively charged basic salt ions neutralize the negative charge on finely dispersed precipitates, they also (in slight excess) act as flocculating agents. In consequence, readily sedimentable and ...
What is the best way to store ferric chloride?
For safe storage, we recommend a high-density crosslinked polyethylene tank. Ferric chloride is also a high fuming chemical. These fumes can potentially defoliate surrounding trees and plants. When storing Ferric Chloride in a chemical storage tank, a fume-tight manway lid cover prevents fumes from escaping the tank.
What is flocculant in water?
A flocculant is a substance that promotes the clumping of particles so that they may be removed from water. Flocculants are essential in proper water treatment. One particularly popular flocculant is Ferric Chloride.
Is ferric chloride a pure iron?
As one of the purest and most concentrated forms of iron commercially available for water treatment, Ferric Chloride has a unique distinction. In order to produce Ferric Chloride, Ferrous Chloride must be used. It is the oxidation of Ferrous Chloride with Chlorine that creates this new compound.
Is ferric chloride a coagulant?
Ferric Chloride offers versatility in the water treatment industry, by working as a flocculant and coagulant, as well as a reactant. It promotes faster sedimentation in general and specifically, better sedimentation in cold water, making it an ideal choice for the industry.
What is ferric chloride?
In the laboratory, ferric chloride is commonly used as a Lewis acid for catalyzing reactions, such as Friedel-Crafts reaction of aromatics and chlorination of aromatic compounds. Ferric chloride, also called iron chloride, is a chemical compound with a chemical formula of FeCl3. It has a relatively low melting point, ...
What percentage of ferric chloride is sold in municipal bids?
This is one of the few water treatment chemicals that can sequester odors. In the U.S., more than 80 percent of all ferric chloride is sold in municipal bids, with 65 percent sold for municipal wastewater applications, and 18 percent for potable water treatment applications. ADVERTISEMENT.
Inorganic coagulants
Inorganic compounds do not have carbon elements in their molecular structure. As such, they are considered to be “artificial” or unnatural. However, just because a coagulant is inorganic does not mean it is environmentally unfriendly, provided it is handled correctly. This also applies to organic coagulants, which are not necessarily eco-friendly.
Organic coagulants
As well as the inorganic coagulant compounds listed above, there are a number of different organic coagulants available on the market. These include substances such as polymers, amines, and acrylamides, all of which can be used to achieve effective coagulation at your facility.
What is the treatment for drinking water?
Treatment for drinking water production involves the removal of contaminants and/or inactivation of any potentially harmful microbes from raw water to produce water that is pure enough for human consumption without any short term or long term risk of any adverse health effect. In general terms, the greatest microbial risks are associated with ingestion of water that is contaminated with human or animal (including bird) faeces. Faeces can be a source of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths. The removal or destruction of microbial pathogens is essential, and commonly involves the use of reactive chemical agents such as suspended solids, to remove bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi, and minerals including iron and manganese. Research including Professor Linda Lawton 's group at Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen is working to improve detection of cyanobacteria. These substances continue to cause great harm to several less developed countries who do not have access to effective water purification systems.
What is the treatment for flocculation?
Also referred to as "Conventional" Treatment. Coagulation for flocculation. Coagulant aids, also known as polyelectrolytes – to improve coagulation and for more robust floc formation. Polyelectrolytes or also known in the field as polymers, usually consist of either a positive or negative charge.
What is chemical treatment?
Chemical treatments are techniques adopted to make industrial water suitable for use or discharge. These include chemical precipitation, chemical disinfection, chemical oxidation, advanced oxidation, ion exchange, and chemical neutralization.
What are the two main processes of water treatment?
Processes. Two of the main processes of industrial water treatment are boiler water treatment and cooling water treatment . A large amount of proper water treatment can lead to the reaction of solids and bacteria within pipe work and boiler housing. Steam boilers can suffer from scale or corrosion when left untreated.
Why is external treatment used in boilers?
External treatment of raw water supplies intended for use within a boiler is focused on removal of impurities before they reach the boiler.
Why is it important to keep disinfectants in water?
It is therefore common practice to keep residual disinfectants in the treated water to kill bacteriological contamination during distribution and to keep the pipes clean.
How is saline water treated?
Saline water can be treated to yield fresh water. Two main processes are used, reverse osmosis or distillation. Both methods require more energy than water treatment of local surface waters, and are usually only used in coastal areas or where water such as groundwater has high salinity.
