What is posttraumatic disorder?
Overview. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that develops in some people who have experienced a shocking, scary, or dangerous event. It is natural to feel afraid during and after a traumatic situation. Fear triggers many split-second changes in the body to help defend against danger or to avoid it.
What are the causes of seasonal affective disorder?
The main theory is that a lack of sunlight might stop a part of the brain called the hypothalamus working properly, which may affect the: production of melatonin – melatonin is a hormone that makes you feel sleepy; in people with SAD, the body may produce it in higher than normal levels.
What is the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
Most people with Parkinson's disease eventually need a medication called levodopa. Levodopa is absorbed by the nerve cells in your brain and turned into the chemical dopamine, which is used to transmit messages between the parts of the brain and nerves that control movement.
What is the main cause of Parkinson's disease?
Parkinson's disease is caused by a loss of nerve cells in the part of the brain called the substantia nigra. Nerve cells in this part of the brain are responsible for producing a chemical called dopamine.
What is seasonal affective disorder in psychology?
Seasonal affective disorder* is a form of depression also known as SAD, seasonal depression or winter depression. In the Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), this disorder is identified as a type of depression – Major Depressive Disorder with Seasonal Pattern.
What is the meaning of seasonal depression?
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that's related to changes in seasons — SAD begins and ends at about the same times every year. If you're like most people with SAD , your symptoms start in the fall and continue into the winter months, sapping your energy and making you feel moody.
What are the three approaches in Parkinson's disease treatment?
Three surgical procedures are performed to treat Parkinson's disease — ablative or destructive surgery, stimulation surgery or deep brain stimulation (DBS), and transplantation or restorative surgery.
What are the side effects of Parkinson's medication?
Side effects of Parkinson's medicationNausea.Involuntary movements.Worsening of constipation.Low blood pressure.Confusion and hallucinations.Behavioral problems, such as feeling an uncontrollable need to gamble, have sex or pursue hobbies.
What is the first line treatment for Parkinson's disease?
Sustained-release carbidopa-levodopa is considered first-line treatment for these patients. Inadequate response can be handled by a trial of immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa and then addition of a dopamine agonist when maximum levodopa doses are reached.
What is parkinsonism vs Parkinson's disease?
Parkinson's is caused mainly by the degeneration of nerve cells in the brain, while the causes of parkinsonism are numerous, ranging from the side effects of medications to chronic head traumas to metabolic diseases to toxins to neurological diseases.
What causes Parkinson disease and Alzheimer?
Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease are both neurological conditions caused by neurodegeneration (gradual damage to brain cells). Like other progressive brain diseases, they are associated with a buildup of certain proteins in the brain.
Is it Parkinson's or Parkinson?
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects predominately dopamine-producing (“dopaminergic”) neurons in a specific area of the brain called substantia nigra. Symptoms generally develop slowly over years.
What hormone causes seasonal affective disorder?
In people with SAD, a lack of sunlight and a problem with certain brain chemicals stops the hypothalamus working properly. The lack of light is thought to affect: the production of the hormone melatonin.
What causes sadness in the brain?
Research suggests that depression doesn't spring from simply having too much or too little of certain brain chemicals. Rather, there are many possible causes of depression, including faulty mood regulation by the brain, genetic vulnerability, and stressful life events.
What characteristic may increase the risk of seasonal affective disorder?
If you're at risk of SAD, you may already have less serotonin activity. Since sunlight helps regulate serotonin, a lack of sunlight in the winter can make the situation worse. Serotonin levels can fall further, leading to depression. Vitamin D deficiency: Your serotonin level also gets a boost from vitamin D.
What triggers SAD?
There is no clear cause of SAD. Less sunlight and shorter days are thought to be linked to a chemical change in the brain and may be part of the cause of seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Melatonin, a sleep-related hormone, also may be linked to SAD.
Disease
Neuropathic pain can be a symptom or complication of several diseases and conditions. These include multiple sclerosis, multiple myeloma, and other types of cancer.
Injuries
Injuries to tissue, muscles, or joints are an uncommon cause of neuropathic pain. Likewise, back, leg, and hip problems or injuries can cause lasting damage to nerves.
Limb loss
An uncommon form of neuropathic pain called phantom limb syndrome can occur when an arm or leg has been amputated. Despite the loss of that limb, your brain still thinks it’s receiving pain signals from the removed body part.
Over-the-counter pain medication
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as Aleve and Motrin, are sometimes used to treat neuropathic pain.
Prescription medication
Opioid pain medications don’t usually reduce neuropathic pain as well as they reduce other types of pain. Plus, doctors may hesitate to prescribe them for fear that a person may become dependent.
Antidepressant drugs
Antidepressant medications have shown great promise in treating symptoms of neuropathic pain.
Anticonvulsants
Anti-seizure medications and anticonvulsants are often used to treat neuropathic pain. Gabapentinoids are most commonly prescribed for neuropathic pain.
What is a transient tic?
Transient tic disorder, now known as provisional tic disorder, is a condition involving physical and verbal tics. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Edition (DSM-5) renamed this disorder in 2013. A tic is an abrupt, uncontrollable movement or sound that deviates from a person’s normal gestures. For example, a person with tics may blink ...
Why is it important for parents to support their children with transient tic disorder?
Parents of children with transient tic disorder play an important role in providing emotional support and helping ensure that their child’s education doesn’t suffer.
What is the most common tic disorder?
The most notable tic disorder is Tourette syndrome, in which both physical and verbal tics occur in the same individual, often at the same time. Transient tic disorder also involves both types of tics, but they often occur individually.
How long does it take for a transient tic to occur?
Tics must occur for less than 12 months in a row. Tics must start before 18 years of age. ...
How to diagnose tic disorder?
You must meet all the following conditions to receive a transient tic disorder diagnosis: 1 You must have one or more motor tics (such as blinking or shrugging your shoulders) or vocal tics (such as humming, clearing your throat, or yelling a word or phrase). 2 Tics must occur for less than 12 months in a row. 3 Tics must start before 18 years of age. 4 Symptoms must not be a result of medication or drugs, or of another medical condition such as Huntington disease or post-viral encephalitis. 5 You must not have Tourette syndrome or any other chronic motor or vocal tic disorder.
How long do tics last?
Tics are common in children and may last for less than one year. A child with transient tic disorder has noticeable physical or vocal tics. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry states that tics affect up to 10 percent of children during their early school years.
What is a tic?
A tic is an abrupt, uncontrollable movement or sound that deviates from a person’s normal gestures. For example, a person with tics may blink rapidly and repeatedly, even if nothing is irritating their eyes. Every person experiences tics differently. They may suffer from either uncontrolled movements or noises.
What to do if your skin doesn't respond to over the counter medicine?
If your symptoms don’t respond well to over-the-counter drugs or remedies, see a dermatologist for help. They specialize in diseases of the skin and may recommend prescription medications or ointments that can offer relief.
Which is more susceptible to dermatitis: children or adults?
Children are more susceptible to dermatitis in general, while teens and young adults are more likely to develop dermatographia.
Can relaxation techniques help with skin conditions?
According to the NCCIH, relaxation techniques tend to be most helpful in children with the condition. If these types of lifestyle changes fail to improve your stress levels and subsequent skin symptoms, see your doctor for help.
Can dermatographia be chronic?
Unless dermatographia becomes chronic, you may not necessarily require medical treatment. Chronic means that it is ongoing.
