Why study Public Health in Egypt?
More than 84% of the graduates have remained in Egypt addressing the country’s public health needs. CDC has provided technical and financial support for vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) control and prevention to the (MOHP), directly and through WHO-EMRO since 1995.
What are Egypt’s ‘debauchery laws’ and why do they exist?
The two men could face charges under Egypt’s “debauchery” laws. Under President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi’s government, authorities have long waged a campaign of arrests and prosecutions against those whose perceived or actual sexual orientation and gender identity does not conform to heteronormative values and the gender binary.
What is the transforming Egypt’s healthcare system project?
In 2018, The Transforming Egypt’s Healthcare System Project emerged in alignment with the WHO’s Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis and with active support from The World Bank. The project accomplished mass-screening that tested more than 50 million residents and offered free treatment to more than 2 million patients.
What is healthcare like in Egypt?
With increased privatization and better quality healthcare, these facilities account for the dominant portion of services that Egypt provides. People largely have to pay expenses out-of-pocket (60% of health spending, as recorded in 2007-2008) and accessible only to people who can afford care.
What is stigmatization of Plwha?
Stigmatization and discrimination against PLWHA has been one of the hallmarks of the global HIV/AIDs pandemic [1, 11]. Stigma may be defined as any attribute that is deeply discrediting and results in the reduction of a person or group "from a whole and usual person to a tainted, discounted one" [12].
What is Stigmatisation in civic education?
the act of treating someone or something unfairly by publicly disapproving of them: Care needs to be taken to ensure there is no stigmatization of children based on their home circumstances.
What is human immunodeficiency virus?
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the body's immune system. If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). There is currently no effective cure. Once people get HIV, they have it for life.
What are the effects of stigmatization?
The harmful effects of stigma feelings of shame, hopelessness and isolation. reluctance to ask for help or to get treatment. lack of understanding by family, friends or others. fewer opportunities for employment or social interaction.
How can services such as VCTS improve the situation for individuals families and society?
Thus, expanding access to VCT services has both individual and societal benefits [8]. For the individual, VCT enhances the ability to reduce one's risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV, to access HIV-specific treatment, care and support [3, 5], to manage one's health, and to plan for the future [8].
What does the stigmatization mean?
Meaning of stigmatization in English the act of treating someone or something unfairly by publicly disapproving of him, her, or it: Care needs to be taken to ensure there is no stigmatization of children based on their home circumstances.
What is Stigmatisation in sociology?
Definition. Stigmatization is the process whereby a mark or attribute – culturally understood as devalued and discrediting – is recognized in, or applied to, an individual or group of individuals by another more powerful group of individuals.
What's another word for stigmatization?
stigmatising, ostracism, opprobrium, condemnation, humiliation, branding, disapproval, slander.
What is stigmatization in psychology?
n. the negative social attitude attached to a characteristic of an individual that may be regarded as a mental, physical, or social deficiency. A stigma implies social disapproval and can lead unfairly to discrimination against and exclusion of the individual.
Abstract
Many people living with HIV (PLWH) who are eligible for antiretroviral therapy (ART) do not initiate treatment, leading to excess morbidity, mortality, and viral transmission. As countries move to treat all PLWH at diagnosis, it is critical to understand reasons for non-initiation.
1. Introduction
Many HIV patients in low- and middle-income countries do not immediately start antiretroviral therapy (ART) in spite of being eligible for ART ( Bor et al., 2017b, 2018a; Clouse et al., 2013; Fox and Rosen, 2017; Govindasamy et al., 2012; Haber et al., 2017; Kranzer et al., 2012; Mugglin et al., 2012; Rosen and Fox, 2011 ).
5. Conclusions
More patients than ever before are being asked to consider life-long daily HIV therapy, and to do so before they have experienced advanced HIV disease.
Acknowledgements
Jacob Bor was funded for this work by NIH award 1K01MH105320 and the Peter T. Paul Career Development Professorship. Shahira Ahmed, Sydney Rosen, and Matthew P. Fox were funded for this work by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) agreement 674-A-12-00029.
How long has the CDC been in Egypt?
CDC has worked with public health institutions in Egypt for over 20 years. CDC works in conjunction with the Egyptian government and other partners to reduce the impact of emerging diseases, build capacity in areas such as lab systems and epidemiology, strengthen immunization services, respond to public health emergencies, and conduct surveillance, ...
How many epidemiologists are in the FETP?
To date, the FETP has graduated 96 medical epidemiologists; 21 are currently participating in the two year applied training program. Through strong partnership with the MoH, USAID, WHO, and NAMRU-3, FETP graduates have become responsible for functions of the MoH related to disease surveillance and outbreak investigation, including developing a national electronic disease surveillance system, a Nile cruise boat inspection program, and epidemiologic training. The program fosters the training of hundreds of physicians at the district health level in disease surveillance and applied epidemiology. On average, the FETP conducts 3-5 outbreak investigations per year, including recent investigations of E. coli, Rift Valley fever, viral hepatitis, typhoid, tetanus, and human rabies. The FETP is also actively involved in prevention and control efforts for pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and avian influenza A (H5N1). More than 84% of the graduates have remained in Egypt addressing the country’s public health needs.
What is GDD in Egypt?
Global Disease Detection (GDD) GDD supports efforts to protect the public’s health by developing and strengthening the ability of Egypt and the region to rapidly detect and respond to disease outbreaks and emerging infectious diseases.
How many children did the MoH help?
Support to MoH helped vaccinate over 35 million children and more than 95% of the population; DPT3 immunization reached 95% of the population
What is private healthcare in Egypt?
Private healthcare facilities consist of nonprofit organizations and for-profit hospitals, clinics and pharmacies. With increased privatization and better quality healthcare, these facilities account for the dominant portion of services that Egypt provides. People largely have to pay expenses out-of-pocket (60% of health spending, as recorded in 2007-2008) and accessible only to people who can afford care. The private healthcare sector is highly fragmented, with the fewest number of beds in comparison to government and public/parastatal facilities.
What are some interesting facts about healthcare in Egypt?
In early 2020, the population of Egypt increased to more than 100 million. Overcrowding in urban spaces, with an estimated 95% of the population living on about 4% of the land, has aggravated pollution and traffic while placing a strain on resources, such as clean drinking water.
How many people in Egypt have hepatitis C?
In Egypt, hepatitis C, an epidemic that has stretched across three decades, affected an estimated 6.3% of the population. In 2018, The Transforming Egypt’s Healthcare System Project emerged in alignment with the WHO’s Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis and with active support from The World Bank.
What is the poverty rate in Egypt?
The poverty rate was at 32.5% in 2019, and unemployment, especially among youths, has elevated the need for affordable, accessible and quality healthcare. In recent years, these concerns have led to the implementation of measures to reform Egypt’s underfunded public healthcare system.
What is public/parastatal healthcare?
The public/parastatal sector consists of quasi-governmental organizations such as the Health Insurance Organization and the Curative Care Organization. Citizens can obtain insurance coverage via private insurers who have government support. However, many consider services that public healthcare facilities to be low in quality due to years of underfunding. The lack of medical equipment and qualified personnel in combination with low sanitation and compromised safety measures, especially in facilities located in rural areas, compel citizens to turn to private facilities.
Is there a lack of PPE in Egypt?
However, since testing is limited, the actual numbers could be higher. The pandemic has uncovered a lack of sufficient PPE supply and exposed a strained public healthcare system. In May, 2020, The World Bank provided $50 million in funding to Egypt’s COVID-19 Emergency Response Project. Egypt still requires work to reform its healthcare system.
What is private healthcare in Egypt?
Private Healthcare. Private healthcare services in Egypt include private insurance companies, non-government organizations and unions. Privately funded medical facilities are mostly located in the cities. These facilities can be expensive and generally serve middle and high-income groups.
What is the healthcare system in Egypt?
A large portion of Egypt’s public healthcare services is governed by the ministry of health and population, which runs hospitals in the urban and rural areas consisting of in-patient and out-patient facilities. It also oversees university-run hospitals. Military healthcare is also part of the country’s public healthcare sector, and is governed by the ministries of interior and defense. Other major public healthcare service providers include the Health Insurance Organization and the Curative Care Organization, which govern the mandatory social insurance funds collected from the incomes of salaried individuals and from employers.
What are the health problems in Egypt?
It is advisable to utilize bottled water for cooking and drinking, and to avoid consuming street food and drinks. Hepatitis C, spread through contact with infected blood, is another common health concern in Egypt. Rabies and tuberculosis also pose a risk in the country, and expats should make sure they are vaccinated for both ailments. The major cities in Egypt face a problem of air pollution, and respiratory conditions could be aggravated by such conditions.
What are the challenges of Egypt's healthcare system?
Challenges For Egypt’s Healthcare. Problems regarding basic sanitation and hygiene still plague Egypt’s public healthcare system. Nearly 30 percent of the population cannot access clean water for consumption, and the poor quality of water is responsible for over 17,000 children dying each year.
What was the aim of the new government in Egypt?
The aim was to establish a modern healthcare system that all citizens could easily access and afford.
Why do expats avoid hospitals in Egypt?
Due to the large variations in the quality of healthcare available in Egypt and the fact that the government does not take the required measures to improve existing healthcare services, most expats avoid public hospitals and opt for private healthcare.
Does Egypt have international medical coverage?
Most private hospitals in Egypt accept international medical coverage. Expats living in Cairo will find that healthcare is easier to come by than in other parts of the country, as the city is Egypt’s primary hub of medical treatment. It also offers the highest standard of healthcare in the country.
What is the role of the Egyptian police in the LGBT community?
(Beirut) – Egyptian police and National Security Agency officers arbitrarily arrest lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people and detain them in inhuman conditions, systematically subject them to ill-treatment including torture, and often incite fellow inmates to abuse them, Human Rights Watch said today.
Why do they try us in Criminal Court in Egypt?
I’m still being watched. Once you have a case against you in Egypt, it never goes away. They try us in Criminal Court because we “threaten society.” I saw what they did to transgender women in there, detaining them in a warehouse without ventilation, beating them, and sexually harassing them.
How long was Aya on probation?
After two months, a court ordered Aya released subject to two years’ probation, during which she had to report to state security offices three days a week. At the offices during her court mandated check-ins, she was beaten, repeatedly sexually assaulted, humiliated, and harassed, she said:
What did Salim say after he signed the papers?
When he asked what he was signing, the officer threatened him with rape and said: “If you want to leave, sign the papers.”. After he signed, Salim said officers threw him in a crowded cell.
When was the gang rape in Cairo?
In late August, Egyptian security forces, likely from the National Security Agency, arrested two men who witnessed a high-profile gang rape in Cairo’s Fairmont Nile City Hotel in 2014 and were to give evidence about the case.
Should Egyptian security forces release LGBT people?
Egyptian security forces should end arrests and prosecutions for adult, consensual sexual relations, including same-sex conduct, or based on gender expression, and immediately release LGBT people who remain arbitrarily detained, Human Rights Watch said.
Who is Sarah Hegazy?
Sarah Hegazy, who was detained in 2017 after she raised a rainbow flag at the concert, said police tortured her and incited fellow detainees to beat and sexually harass her. She took her own life in June 2020, in exile in Canada.
Parshat Ki Tavo
The prohibition to live in Egypt is mentioned three times in the Torah. It is first found in Exodus.
The Consequences
The Jerusalem Talmud 10 tells us that the Jews ignored these verses three times, and each time there were tragic consequences.
Understanding the Historic Jewish Presence in Egypt
Nevertheless, despite these verses and the tragedies detailed above, we find that many G‑d-fearing Jewish communities were established in Egypt, and many leaders of the Jewish people lived there.
