Is there an evidence-based approach to rehabilitation?
By evaluating current assessment frameworks and intervention programmes this volume not only discusses theory and treatment efficacy but provides professionals with an evidence-based approach to rehabilitation with a variety of offenders.
What is the science of offender rehabilitation?
The science of effective offender rehabilitation remains a very young field: dominated theoretically and empirically by the work of a small group of Canadian psychologists. Their achievements include the ‘what works’ research literature, and the RNR model of offender rehabilitation.
Who is the author of offender rehabilitation in practice?
Bernfeld, G.A., Farrington, D.P. and Leschied, A.W. (eds) (2001) Offender Rehabilitation in Practice: Implementing and Evaluating Effective Programmes, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester.
Is offender rehabilitation normative?
This position is echoed by theorists such as Laws and Ward (2010) who point to the inherent normativeness of offender rehabilitation alongside its capability-building aspects.
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What is balanced juvenile justice?
However, studies have not directly measured or examined support for “balanced” juvenile justice—that is, support for simultaneously employing juvenile rehabilitation and punishment to sanction youth—or how beliefs central to the creation of the court influence support for balanced justice. Drawing on scholarship on juvenile justice and theoretical accounts of views about sanctioning, the study tests hypotheses about such support. Methods The study employs multinomial logistic regression, using data from 866 college students enrolled in criminology and criminal justice classes, to examine support for different approaches to sanctioning violent juvenile offenders. Results Analyses indicate that a majority of respondents supported balanced justice for violent delinquents, approximately one-third supported a primarily rehabilitation-focused approach to sanctioning, and the remainder supported a primarily punishment-oriented approach. Individuals who believed that youth could be reformed and deserved treatment were more likely to support balanced justice or a primarily rehabilitation-oriented approach to sanctioning youth. Conclusions The findings underscore the nuanced nature of public views about sanctioning youth, the salience of philosophical beliefs to support different sanctioning approaches, and the importance of research that accounts for beliefs central to the juvenile court’s mission.
What is the purpose of Family Violence and Child Maltreatment?
Family violence and child maltreatment is a serious and international public health concern. The book aims to put the need to evidence child protection practice at the forefront. It sets out to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence in child and family assessment, intervention and service provision that promotes safeguarding and child well-being. The book then details the contemporary research and practice that informs theory, assessment, service provision, rehabilitation and therapeutic interventions for children and families undergoing child care proceedings. In doing so it provides an account of what we know works so far and what still needs to be accomplished. To place the assessment and treatment of parents and children in child care proceedings into context, the book reviews the situation in children's services, focusing on current processes and reforms in place to safeguard children.
What is CASe formulation incorporating risk assessment?
Craig and Rettenberger proposed an etiological approach to sexual offender assessment integrating the key developmental, offending behavior, and risk‐assessment theory into one model, referred as the CAse Formulation Incorporating Risk Assessment (CAFIRA) model. This chapter seeks to update the model by incorporating neurobiological and neuropsychological influences taken from the neuroscience literature. One case formulation approach commonly discussed in the literature and already adapted to the field of sexual offender assessment is the “Five Ps” method, which encompasses presenting problem, predisposing factors, precipitating factors, perpetuating factors, and protective/positive factors. The chapter describes each of the Five Ps in more detail with specific reference to sexual offender risk assessment. It argues that protective factors should be more incorporated in risk formulations, particularly where they relate to the potential value that protective factors have for evaluating the treatment effectiveness.
What is case formulation?
Purpose of review: Case formulations (CF) have been the cornerstone of effective practice in clinical psychology since the 1950s and now form one of the core competencies in clinical and forensic assessment. The use of CFs within forensic settings is becoming more relevant when working with offenders who have experienced significant trauma, suffered from personality disorder, and have displayed sexually abusive behavior. Furthermore, most North American and European jurisdictions insist that expert witnesses adopt an idiosyncratic approach to risk assessment and consider the characteristics of the individual as part of a wider formulation of the problem behavior. This article focuses specifically on CF incorporating risk assessment procedures of sexual offenders. Recent findings: While empirical support for the use of risk analysis and formulation in managing offending behavior generally, and sexual offending behavior in particular, is limited, there is mounting evidence to suggest that CF can improve understanding of an individual's problem sexual behaviors. We argue that by integrating risk formulations into the CF provides a conceptually robust link between the etiologically development of the problem sexual behavior and effective assessment and risk management of sexual offenders. As forensic treatment programs increasingly moved toward strength-based approaches, in keeping with the Risk-Need-Responsivity principles Andrews and Bonta (2004), and the Good Lives Model Ward and Stewart (Prof Psychol Res Pract 34:353-60, 2003) of offender rehabilitation, the use of CFs in the assessment, treatment, and management of sexual offenders is indispensable. We present an etiological framework for understanding risk in an individual sexual offender by integrating a case formulation model to include the use of (static, stable, and acute) actuarial and clinical risk assessment measures as well as protective risk factors, referred to as the CAse Formulation Incorporating Risk Assessment (CAFIRA) model.
What is therapeutic community theory?
Background Therapeutic community (TC) clinical theory assumes that peer interaction forms a framework for social learning that will displace ingrained cognitive schema that underlie substance abuse. There has been no direct test of this hypothesis. Methods We analyzed the content of a large corpus of written affirmations (pushups) and corrections (pull-ups) exchanged between 2342 male TC graduates. We encoded the content of the written communications as semantic networks of words, in which words that appear in the same brief document are connected and are referred to as word combinations. Loss of combinations and gain of combinations each measured an aspect of change in word combination patterns across time. These measures were used in a multivariable Cox model to predict the hazard of reincarceration for residents while controlling for race, age, score on the Level of Service Inventory-Revised and the total number of pushups and pull-ups sent to peers. Results Residents' reincarceration risk varied significantly with changes in word combinations used over the course of treatment. The implications of the model were visualized to reveal the complicated nature of the interaction terms included in the model. The visuals suggested that residents who changed their expression patterns the least – lost and gained few word combinations – had the highest reincarceration risk after graduation. Conclusions The results suggest that TC success, in terms of increasing time to reincarceration, depends on how residents change their interaction patterns through the treatment process. Merely interacting with others does not explain success; but whether those interactions change does explain outcomes, which may imply that more fundamental changes are occurring.
How does prison affect mother-child relationships?
Whole families can experience serious disruptions and disadvantages when a mother is imprisoned.1 The enforced separation generated by prison creates challenges for sustaining meaningful mother-child relationships. This paper focuses on ‘family visits’; which are visiting opportunities generally designed to provide extended time and interaction between imprisoned parents and their children in the prison setting. The paper draws on the author’s doctoral research findings which explored the lives of families following the mother’s incarceration in England and Wales. Qualitative data was collected from in-depth, semistructured interviews with fifteen imprisoned mothers and twenty-four caregivers (comprised of family members and friends) looking after children of female prisoners. Chiming with previous research, thematic data analysis revealed how family visits were highly valued and appreciated by families as they provided a special opportunity to engage in more ‘normalised’ family practices. However, extending prior knowledge, this study also identified how institutional barriers in the prison setting could hinder or prevent families from accessing and participating in family days. Practical recommendations attempt to respond to these issues, and to improve access and support for mother-child relationships during the mother’s incarceration.
Does vocational training affect re-offending?
Although the association between unemployment and offending is well established, relatively little is known about the impact of vocational education and training programs on re-offending, with much of the previous work in this area failing to control for, or correct, selection bias. This article reports the findings of a systematic review, which considers the findings of only those studies that have used experimental or quasi-experimental designs to evaluate vocational training and employment program outcomes for adult offenders. The analysis identifies key features, based on these studies, of those programs associated with the best outcomes and recommends selection criteria for those who are most likely to benefit from prison vocational education and training.