How did the Portuguese interact with the indigenous people?
The physical interactions between the Portuguese and the indigenous people also included sexual relations that were ultimately a factor in the legal abolition of native slavery. Similar to the other interactions, these relations were done for personal interest.
How did the genocide of indigenous peoples begin in Brazil?
The genocide of indigenous peoples in Brazil began with the Portuguese colonization of the Americas, when Pedro Álvares Cabral made landfall in what is now the country of Brazil in 1500.
What diseases did the Portuguese bring to Brazil?
The Tupi and other people in Brazil suffered from the diseases that the Portuguese brought: smallpox, whooping cough, tuberculosis and measles. The Tupi asked why they, Mahyra's chosen people, were suffering so much, and they wondered whether their god Mahyra had died.
How did the Spanish treat the natives in Spain?
While some priests converted the natives to Christianity without complaint, other Spanish clergymen were appalled at the accounts of horrific treatment that they heard from natives. In response, they demanded reform. One advocate for reform was Antonio de Montesinos, a Dominican Friar.
Did the Portuguese try to convert the natives?
Persistence of the caste system The Portuguese attempted to abolish caste discrimination among the local converts and homogenise them into a single entity. Caste consciousness among the native converts was so intense that they even maintained separate Church confraternities.
What were the Portuguese goals with the natives of Brazil?
Lisbon's early goals were simple: monopolize the lucrative trade of pau-brasil, the red wood (valued for making dye) that gave the colony its name, and establish permanent settlements. There's evidence that the Indians and Portuguese initially worked together to harvest trees.
How did the Spanish treat natives in the Americas?
The Spanish attitude toward the Indians was that they saw themselves as guardians of the Indians basic rights. The Spanish goal was for the peaceful submission of the Indians. The laws of Spain controlled the conduct of soldiers during wars, even when the tribes were hostile.
How did the Portuguese colonize the Americas?
Portugal was the leading country in the European exploration of the world in the 15th century. The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 divided the Earth outside Europe into Castilian and Portuguese global territorial hemispheres for exclusive conquest and colonization.
Did the Portuguese enslave Native Americans?
Portuguese Brazil This expedition alone was responsible for the enslavement of over 60,000 indigenous people. Conflict between settlers who wanted to enslave Indians and Jesuits who sought to protect them was common throughout the era, particularly as disease reduced the Indian populations.
What did Portugal do to Brazil?
Once the Portuguese had expelled the Dutch, they continued to settle Brazil's vast territory and exploit its resources. In addition to enslaved Africans producing sugar in the Northeast, explorers found gold and diamonds in an inland region called Minas Gerais (General Mines).
How did French settlers treat natives?
They did not displace any Natives in the establishment of their settlement and continued to work closely with them in the fur trade. They respected Native territories, their ways, and treated them as the human beings they were. The Natives, in turn, treated the French as trusted friends.
How did the Spanish treat the people conquered?
How did the Spanish treat the peoples they conquered? Badly, forced them into "encomienda" made natives farm, ranch, or mine for Spanish landlords.
How did the Spanish treat the natives quizlet?
The Spanish treated the natives very violently. They had taken natives as slaves and murdered those who were not of use.
What did the Portuguese do in Americas?
Portuguese-born and sponsored explorers played a significant role, especially in charting a route around the southern tip of South America; in exploring and exploiting the waters bordering the northeast coast of North America; and in exploring the Pacific Coast of North America, particularly the area that today is the ...
Who did the Portuguese colonize?
The Portuguese empire controlled the Azores, Madeira, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Principe around the coast of Africa; Cochin, Goa, and Colombo on the Indian sub-continent; Macao and Nagasaki in East Asia; Mozambique and Angola in Africa; and Brazil.
Why did the Portuguese immigrate to America?
Portuguese migrants had to seek out low skill jobs because of education in Portugal and the lack of job availability in the nineteenth century. A small number of Portuguese immigrants settled in the city of Boston. These Portuguese immigrants mainly settled in East Boston and North End.
What tribes were extinct in Brazil?
In the 1940s the state and the Indian Protection Service (Serviço de Proteção aos Índios, SPI) forcibly relocated the Aikanã, Kanôc, Kwazá and Salamái tribes to work on rubber plantations.
What was the cause of the genocide in Brazil?
This started the process that led to the depopulation of the indigenous peoples in Brazil, because of disease and violent treatment by European settlers, and their gradual replacement with colonists from Europe and Africa. This process has been described as a genocide, and continues into the modern era with the ongoing destruction of indigenous peoples of the Amazonian region.
What are the effects of illegal encroaching on indigenous land?
Settlers illegally encroaching on indigenous land continue to destroy the environment necessary for indigenous peoples' traditional ways of life, provoke violent confrontations and spread disease. Peoples such as the Akuntsu and Kanoê have been brought to the brink of extinction within the last three decades.
What is the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs?
The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) was founded in 1968 in response to the genocide of indigenous peoples in Brazil and Paraguay, and in 1969 Survival International was founded in London as a response to the atrocities, theft of land and genocide occurring in the Brazilian Amazon. In 1972 anthropologists from Harvard ...
What did Figueiredo say about the SPI?
Figueiredo stated that the actions of the SPI had left the indigenous peoples near extinction. The state abolished the SPI following the release of the report. The Red Cross launched an investigation after further allegations of ethnic cleansing were made after the SPI had been replaced.
What did Brazil argue against?
While the statute was being drafted, Brazil argued against the inclusion of cultural genocide, claiming that some minority groups may use it to oppose the normal assimilation which occurs in a new country. According to professor of law at Vanderbilt University Larry May, the argument put forward by Brazil was significant, but cultural genocide should not be cast aside, and this type of genocide should be included within the definition of genocide.
What is the Brazilian Constitution?
The 1988 Brazilian Constitution recognises indigenous peoples' right to pursue their traditional ways of life and to the permanent and exclusive possession of their "traditional lands", which are demarcated as Indigenous Territories.
Who wrote the book "Crónica dos feitos da Guiné"?
Cover of Crónica dos feitos da Guiné by Gomes Eanes de Zurara, published in 1460, Paris, France, courtesy of the Bibliothèque nationale de France. King Alfonso V commissioned the Crónica, which was first composed by Zurara in 1453. This chronicle documents the early development of Portuguese interests in large-scale slave trafficking out of West Africa.
When did the Iberian merchants begin to recognize the potential of a large-scale slave trafficking enterprise?
With Portugal’s expansion into western Africa in the fifteenth century , Iberian merchants began to recognize the economic potential of a large-scale slave trafficking enterprise.
How many slaves did Gonçalvez give to his captives?
Rather than offering a ransom of money, the captives promised to give Gonçalvez ten slaves in exchange for their own freedom and safe passage home.
Overview
The genocide of indigenous peoples in Brazil began with the Portuguese colonization of the Americas, when Pedro Álvares Cabral made landfall in what is now the country of Brazil in 1500. This started the process that led to the depopulation of the indigenous peoples in Brazil, because of disease and violent treatment by European settlers, and their gradual replacement with colonists from Europe and enslaved peoples from Africa. This process has been described as a g…
Affected tribes
In the 1940s the state and the Indian Protection Service (Serviço de Proteção aos Índios, SPI) forcibly relocated the Aikanã, Kanôc, Kwazá and Salamái tribes to work on rubber plantations. During the journey many of the indigenous peoples starved to death; those who survived the journey were placed in an IPS settlement called Posto Ricardo Franco. These actions resulted in the near extinction of the Kanôc tribe.
Portuguese colonization
During the Portuguese colonization of the Americas, Cabral made landfall off the atlantic coast. Over the following decade the indigenous Tupí, Tapuya and other tribes which lived along the coast suffered large depopulation due to disease and violence. A process of miscegenation between Portuguese settlers and indigenous women also occurred. It is estimated that of the 2.5 million indigenous peoples who had lived in the region which now comprises Brazil, less than 10 per ce…
State reaction
In 1952 Brazil ratified the genocide convention and incorporated into their penal laws article II of the convention. While the statute was being drafted, Brazil argued against the inclusion of cultural genocide, claiming that some minority groups may use it to oppose the normal assimilation which occurs in a new country. According to professor of law at Vanderbilt University Larry May, the argument put forward by Brazil was significant, but cultural genocide should not be cast aside, a…
International reaction
At the 1992 Earth Summit in Brazil the Kari-Oka Declaration and the Indigenous Peoples Earth Charter were presented by the representatives of indigenous peoples from around the world. The Kari-Oka Declaration states "We continue to maintain our rights as peoples despite centuries of deprivation, assimilation and genocide". The declaration also asserted that the genocide convention must be amended so as to include the genocide of indigenous peoples. The Internati…