what type of stem cell would be the best treatment systemic lupus erythematosus?

Can mesenchymal stem cells be used in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: is the cure for connective tissue diseases within connective tissue? Stem Cell Res Ther . 2011 May 11;2(3):23. doi: 10.1186/scrt64.

What are the current approaches to treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multi-organ involvement and several typical autoantibodies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stem cells with low immunogenicity that can differentiate into various kinds of cells, such as bone, cartilage, fat and skin tissue.

How effective is sirolimus in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Mar 05, 2021 · Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an astonishing heterogeneous multisystem autoimmune disease with a quite unpredictable outcome. Patients suffering from SLE are typically treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents . An eminent direct or indirect target of novel therapeutic approaches has been the lupus B cell (2–4). Among them, only …

Is R835 a potential new treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus?

Abstract. Treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has traditionally been restricted to broad-based immunosuppression, with glucocorticoids being central to care. Recent insights into lupus pathogenesis promise new, selective therapies with more favorable side effect profiles. The best example of this is belimumab, which targets the B cell cytokine BLyS and has now …

What type of stem cells are used to treat lupus?

Treatment is carried out using mesenchymal stem cells (derived from the patient's own adipose tissue or bone marrow) or fetal stem cells. The treatment of the patient is decided according to the condition of the patient. It can be performed in 3 sessions 45 days apart or in 3 consecutive days.

Does bone marrow help lupus?

Using various animal models for autoimmune diseases, we have previously found that allogeneic (not autologous) bone marrow transplantation can be used to treat autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, immune thrombocytic purpura, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, chronic ...

What do mesenchymal stem cells do?

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells found in bone marrow that are important for making and repairing skeletal tissues, such as cartilage, bone and the fat found in bone marrow.

How does stem cell treatment work?

Stem cell therapy is a form of regenerative medicine designed to repair damaged cells within the body by reducing inflammation and modulating the immune system. This phenomenon makes stem cell therapy a viable treatment option for a variety of medical conditions.Feb 3, 2022

Can stem cell transplant help lupus?

Stem cell therapy for Lupus. Stem cell therapy may be one of the most promising new dimensions of medicine for the treatment of Lupus, especially for people who do not respond well to more traditional forms of treatment. Physicians have been treating Lupus patients with mesenchymal stem cells for over ten years.Jul 20, 2021

Is stem cell therapy good for lupus?

Stem cell therapy is one of the most promising frontiers in lupus research today, especially for people whose lupus doesn't respond to other treatments (called refractory lupus). We were the first lupus organization in the U.S. to support stem cell research.

What is mission Camel cell?

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells isolated from different sources that can differentiate into other types of cells. In humans, these sources include; bone marrow, fat (adipose tissue), umbilical cord tissue (Wharton's Jelly) or amniotic fluid (the fluid surrounding a fetus).May 27, 2021

How many types of stem cells are there?

There are three main types of stem cell: embryonic stem cells. adult stem cells. induced pluripotent stem cells.Jul 21, 2021

How long does it take for MSC stem cells to work?

Results were usually achieved in 6 months or less. Patients who have less severe injuries or are treated more quickly seem to benefit more from mesenchymal stem cell therapy. If you have been experiencing pain in or around your spine for more than a couple of weeks, call us sooner rather than later.

What is the success rate of stem cell therapy?

What is the success rate of stem cell therapy? 36 medical centers provided data on the effectiveness of stem cell therapy with clinical efficacy of 82.2 percent.Mar 12, 2021

When is stem cell transplant recommended?

A stem cell transplant is used for treatment when: Your body cannot make the blood cells it needs because your bone marrow or stem cells have failed. Your bone marrow or blood cells have become diseased. In this case you need healthy stem cells to replace the diseased bone marrow/stem cells.

What are the negative effects of stem cell therapy?

Stem Cell or Bone Marrow Transplant Side EffectsMouth and throat pain. ... Nausea and vomiting. ... Infection. ... Bleeding and transfusions. ... Interstitial pneumonitis and other lung problems. ... Graft-versus-host disease. ... Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) ... Graft failure.More items...•Mar 20, 2020

What is stem cell treatment for lupus?

Stem Cell Treatment for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the forms of lupus erythematosus. It is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks its healthy tissues, usually all tissue systems of the body including the heart, kidneys, joints, lungs and even the blood cells.

What are mesenchymal stem cells?

Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into bone and cartilage and can help with tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells are not detected by the immune system, making them very useful for treatment of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. In the research conducted, mesenchymal cells administered to SLE sufferers were ...

What are the symptoms of Raynaud's phenomenon?

Common symptoms include: Tingling sensation of the fingers in cold weather; the fingers can also turn white or blue; a condition referred to as Raynaud’s phenomenon.

Does SLE affect women?

SLE is found to affect females more than males. More so, females usually have serious complications than males, especially during pregnancy and menstruation. These findings have led to the belief that sex and hormones might influence the development of SLE.

What does it mean when your fingers turn white?

Headache. Tingling sensation of the fingers in cold weather; the fingers can also turn white or blue; a condition referred to as Raynaud’s phenomenon. Some symptoms are particular to the body part being attacked, e.g., heart, skin, excretory and respiratory symptoms.

Is there a cure for SLE?

However, there is no cure for SLE. Treatment is aimed at reducing or easing symptoms. Use of immunosuppressive drugs, e.g., corticosteroids and hydroxychloroquine. A new immunosuppressive drug, Belimumab, was approved by the U.S Food and Drug Administration in 2011 for the treatment of SLE. Use of anti-inflammatory drugs for joint pain ...

What age group is most prone to SLE?

Some age groups are more prone to SLE, though it can develop at any age. It is common in people of age 15-44. The disease is usually acute in younger people. Adolescents who are affected are more prone to the mucocutaneous manifestations of the disease than older patients.

What are the B cells in Lupus?

The B cell, as a major component of the adaptive immune system, may mediate autoimmune disease. B cells are not only capable of producing autoantibodies after their differentiation into plasma cells, but they also present autoantigens to T cells and they secrete cytokines. Therefore, B cells represent an established and clear target of treatment approaches; lupus B cells have been targeted either directly via regimens that cause B cell depletion or indirectly via regimens affecting B cell survival, or via inhibiting their antigen-receptor-initiated function.

What is the treatment for SLE?

Patients suffering from SLE are typically treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents (1). An eminent direct or indirect target of novel therapeutic approaches has been the lupus B cell (2–4).

Is B cell a cytokine producer?

Initially considered guilty only as autoAb producers, B cells were subsequently also recognized as efficient antigen-presenting cells and cytokine producers . Works from the Craft Lab disclosed that murine lupus could indeed develop in T cell deficient animals ( 5 ). In contrast, it was principally with the works of Chan et al. that a central, eminent, and indispensable pathogenetic role was assigned to the B cell in murine lupus models ( 6, 7 ). In humans, critical functions of the B cell, such as the antigen-receptor initiated activation was revealed to be intrinsically abnormal (Liossis et al., work from the Tsokos Lab) ( 2 ). Anolik and Leandro from the Departments of Looney and Isenberg, respectively, were the first to administer the B cell depleting mAb RTX in a few patients with SLE with promising results ( 8, 9 ).

What is Daratumumab used for?

Daratumumab, a mAb approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma, is an IgG1k mAb directed against CD38 causing depletion of plasma cells. Long-lived plasma cells are residents in niches in the bone marrow or (perhaps more importantly) in inflamed tissue and they do not respond to immunosuppressants, including B-cell-targeting treatments. Two patients with severe manifestations of SLE received daratumumab at a dose of 16 mg/kg of body weight once a week for 4 weeks followed by maintenance treatment with I.V. belimumab ( 18 ). Daratumumab treatment resulted in remarkable clinical outcomes not only of severe manifestations such as lupus nephritis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and autoimmune thrombocytopenia but also on less severe manifestations such as arthritis, skin rashes, pericarditis, cutaneous vasculitis, alopecia, and mucosal ulcers. Daratumumab treatment was also associated with favorable serologic responses. Importantly, previous therapeutic interventions with a variety of agents such as bortezomib, mycophenolate mofetil, and cyclophosphamide were ineffective. Despite the extremely small number of patients, data are encouraging supporting further evaluation of daratumumab in meaningfully larger numbers of patients with SLE. It is of interest however that the authors did not ascribe their anti-CD38 mAb-mediated clinical effect (s) exclusively to reductions of plasma cell numbers. Other circulating cells also express CD38 and their numbers decreased following daratumumab treatment. Among them are subsets of B cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and a greatly expanded CD38 + T cell subpopulation. Only recently it was shown by Katsuyama et al. that this expanded CD38 + CD8 + T cell subset is responsible for the significantly compromised cytotoxicity encountered in patients with lupus ( 19 ).

Is belatacept a costimulation blocker?

Therefore, belatacept is a costimulation blocker; by blocking the B7-CD28 interaction it selectively inhibits T-cell activation. A retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of belatacept administered in lupus nephritis of 6 patients following renal transplantation ( 15 ). Five patients had stable creatinine levels over the following 6 months after belatacept treatment, one patient returned to hemodialysis and another patient was re-listed for a kidney transplant. Mean SLEDAI-2K decreased from 13 to 7.6 in 3 patients. An improvement of extrarenal manifestations along with a stabilization of allograft function are proposed to ensure the beneficial effects of this agent, despite the enrollment of a small number of patients.

What is RC18?

Telitacicept (RC18) is a novel recombinant TACI-Fc (transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor) fusion protein that binds to soluble BLyS and APRIL (A proliferation inducing ligand) prohibi ting thus their biological activities, that go beyond the B cells and affect the plasma cells as well. Therefore, telitacicept inhibits the development and survival of mature B cells and plasma cells without affecting early and memory B cells. In a phase 2b study, patients with a Safety of Estrogen in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment (SELENA)-SLEDAI score ≥8, consistent with active disease, received telitacicept at doses of 80, 160, and 240 mg or placebo along with standard treatment ( 30 ). The primary endpoint was an SRI-4 at week 48. An SRI-4 was achieved in 71.0, 68.3, and 75.8% of the patients who received the 80, 160, and 240 mg doses, respectively, at week 48 and in 33.9% of the patients who received placebo. The proportion of patients achieving at least a 4-point reduction in their SELENA-SLEDAI scores at week 48 was 75.8, 77.8, and 79.0% of the patients in the telitacicept groups and 50.0% of the patients in the placebo group. Adverse events were recorded in 90.3, 92.1, 93.5, and 82.3% of the patients in the 80, 160, and 240 mg telitacicept and placebo groups, respectively. Adverse events were most commonly reactions at the injection site and infections of the upper respiratory tract. If such promising still early results are confirmed in later stage trials, telitacicept could emerge as a promising, and safe option in the management of active SLE.

Does RTX cause B cell depletion?

B cell depletion following RTX treatment is associated with a sharp homeostatic rise of circulating levels of BLyS. Therefore, treatment at the time when circulating BLyS peaks with belimumab might seem like a rational approach not only to sustain depletion but also to avoid B cell population reconstitution as well. The autoimmune B cell subpopulation might be more sensitive to belimumab-mediated BLyS inhibition. A phase II trial assessed the effect of induction therapy with RTX followed by maintenance therapy with belimumab in 43 patients with recurrent or refractory lupus nephritis ( 29 ). Of these, 21 patients received rituximab, cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids and subsequently weekly belimumab infusions until week 48 and 22 patients received rituximab and cyclophosphamide without belimumab infusions. Complete renal response was defined as an UPCR <0.5, an eGFR ≥120 ml/min/1.73 m 2, or >80% improvement if eGFR was <120 ml/min/1.73 m 2 at baseline. Partial renal response was defined as >50% improvement of the UPCR at baseline. Total and circulating autoreactive B cells were measured by flow cytometry. Renal response (complete or partial) was achieved in 52% of the patients in the belimumab group and in 41% of the patients that did not receive belimumab ( p = 0.452) at week 48. At least one serious infectious adverse event of grade 3 or higher (according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) was noticed in 23% of the patients that did not receive belimumab and in 9.5% of the patients in the belimumab group. Sequential therapy with belimumab was generally safe but it does not seem to improve significantly lupus nephritis. This unfavorable clinical response was in contrast to a good and well-sustained B cell depletion profile in the belimumab group. Moreover, the autoreactive B cells were indeed significantly suppressed, despite the disparity in clinical outcomes.

What is the treatment for SLE?

The treatment for SLE is generally immunosuppression. Because SLE is caused by the immune system forming complexes that damage the body, current treatments act by weakening the immune system. These could include immunosuppressive pills, steroids, or more significant immunosuppressive agents.

What are the organs affected by SLE?

As stated above, SLE affects many organ systems. It affects the skin, joints, muscles, kidneys, heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and other various systems. The most common systems affected are the skin and joints. One of the most recognizable symptoms is called the malar rash, also known as the butterfly rash.

What is SLE genetics?

What is SLE? SLE is an autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems. While the exact cause is still unknown, scientists believe it is related to genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. In particular, the genes HLA-DR2 and HLA-DR3 are commonly present in people with SLE. Certain proteins, like C1q, C2, ...

How many criteria are there for SLE?

To be diagnosed with SLE, there are certain criteria that must be met. Specifically, four of eleven criteria must be met. These criteria fall into dermatologic, internal organs, and laboratory test categories. To be diagnosed with SLE, four of the following eleven signs or symptoms must be present. Dermatological.

Does estrogen cause SLE?

Scientists have found that certain hormones increase the likelihood of developing SLE. People with more estrogen due to oral contraceptive use, postmenopausal hormonal replacement therapy, and endometriosis have an increased risk of SLE. Lastly, environmental factors may play a role in developing this condition.

What are the factors that contribute to SLE?

Lastly, environmental factors may play a role in developing this condition. UV light, bacterial and viral infections, and certain medications are associated with an increased risk of SLE. Certain populations are affected more by this condition than others.

What is a butterfly rash?

It is a rash in the shape of a butterfly spanning over the bridge of the nose with the wings ending underneath the eyes. People may also become more sensitive to UV light. They may also develop mouth ulcers, hair loss, and changes to the vessels under their tongue.

Symptoms

Causes

Diagnosis

Treatment

Stem Cell Treatment and Possible Forecast

• Research conducted recently in a multicentre in China has given hopeful insights into the possible treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into bone and cartilage and can help with tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells are not detected by the immune system, making them ve...

See more on startstemcells.com