The nurse is caring for a patient with acute angle glaucoma and a fractured femur who is scheduled for surgery. The nurse reviews the preoperative medications, which are morphine 10 mg intramuscularly (IM), and atropine 0.4 mg IM. Which of these actions would be appropriate for the nurse to take?
Full Answer
What is a nursing care plan for glaucoma?
Nursing Care Plans. Nursing care planning and management for patients with glaucoma include: preventing further visual deterioration, promote adaptation to changes in reduced visual acuity, prevent complications and injury.
What is glaucoma on the NCLEX for nursing students?
Glaucoma (open-angle and angle-closure) NCLEX questions for nursing students! Glaucoma develops from high intraocular pressure which damages the optic nerve. This can lead to vision loss and blindness. The nurse should be aware of the pathophysiology, types of glaucoma, nursing implications, signs/symptoms, and medication administration etc. 1.
Which medications are used in the treatment of glaucoma?
Pharmacologic therapy is the initial and principal treatment for glaucoma. Acute angle-closure glaucoma is treated with medication (including miotics) to reduce IOP before laser or incisional iridectomy. Commonly used agents include: Beta-adrenergic blockers/antagonists are the most widely used hypotensive agents.
What are the treatment options for acute angle-closure glaucoma?
Pharmacologic therapy is the initial and principal treatment for glaucoma. Acute angle-closure glaucoma is treated with medication (including miotics) to reduce IOP before laser or incisional iridectomy. Commonly used agents include:
What is the treatment for acute glaucoma?
Glaucoma is treated by lowering your eye pressure (intraocular pressure). Depending on your situation, your options may include prescription eyedrops, oral medications, laser treatment, surgery or a combination of any of these.
What are the nursing interventions for glaucoma?
Nursing care planning and management for patients with glaucoma include: preventing further visual deterioration, promote adaptation to changes in reduced visual acuity, prevent complications and injury.
What is the most common treatment for glaucoma?
The most common treatment for glaucoma is prescription eye drops. They work by lowering the pressure in your eye and preventing damage to your optic nerve. These eye drops won't cure glaucoma or reverse vision loss, but they can keep glaucoma from getting worse.
What is the first choice for treating glaucoma?
Bimatoprost, based on the efficacy, safety and ease of use, has been approved as a first-line treatment for glaucoma, and well positioned among the first-choices in glaucoma medical therapy.
What nursing interventions should a nurse perform when caring for a patient who is blind?
Arrange her personal and self-care items within reach, as she directs you, or orient her to their placement. Identify and explain unfamiliar sounds, such as monitor alarms. When you help her walk, ask which side she prefers you on. Offer her your arm or elbow for her to grasp.
How do nurses assess glaucoma?
Diagnosis of Glaucoma Dilated eye exam and imaging tests – to check for optic nerve damage. Eye chart test – to check for areas of visual loss. Pachymetry – to measure corneal thickness. Gonioscopy – to inspect the drainage angle.
What are the glaucoma treatment strategies and measures?
Glaucoma treatments include: Eyedrops/Medication: Prescription eyedrops decrease fluids and increase drainage to alleviate eye pressure. There are many types of eyedrop medications that can be used for this condition. Because glaucoma is a lifelong condition, you may need to use daily eyedrops for life.
What glaucoma patients should avoid?
So, What Foods Should You Avoid If You Have Glaucoma?Caffeine. Some studies suggest caffeine increases intraocular pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood pressure. ... Saturated Fats. ... Trans Fats. ... Weight-Lifting. ... Scuba Diving. ... Bungee Jumping. ... Yoga.
What medications should be avoided with glaucoma?
Closed-Angle Glaucoma: Medicines to AvoidAntihistamines and decongestants.Asthma medicines.Motion sickness medicines.Some medicines used to treat depression (tricyclic antidepressants).
What is the latest and best treatment for glaucoma?
Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) reduces intraocular pressure by stimulating increased outflow of fluid from the eye. A relatively new addition to our treatment options, SLT offers an improved safety profile compared to older glaucoma laser therapies and may lower eye pressure by as much as 20 to 30 percent.
What is the best treatment for advanced glaucoma?
Surgery reduced pressure in the eye more than medical management with eye drops in this study. It concluded that surgery is therefore a better first-line treatment for people with advanced glaucoma.
What is acute glaucoma?
Acute angle-closure glaucoma is a serious eye condition that occurs when the fluid pressure inside your eye rises quickly. The usual symptoms are sudden, severe eye pain, a red eye and reduced or blurred vision.
What is the most common type of glaucoma?
There are two primary categories of glaucoma: (1) open-angle and (2) closed-angle (or narrow angle). Chronic open-angle glaucoma is the most common type, accounting for 90% of all glaucoma cases. It develops slowly, may be associated with diabetes and myopia, and may develop in both eyes simultaneously.
What causes glaucoma to get worse?
It is a condition that causes damage to your eye’s optic nerve and gets worse over time. The increased pressure causes atrophy of the optic nerve and, if untreated, blindness. Glaucoma tends to be inherited and may not show up until later in life. There are two primary categories of glaucoma: (1) open-angle and (2) closed-angle (or narrow angle). ...
Why do you use cycloplegic drops in your eye?
Cycloplegics must be used only in the affected eye. the use of these drops in the normal eye may precipitate an attack of acute angle-closure glaucoma in this eye , threatening the patient’s residual vision. Malento valve implant.
Which sympathomimetics decrease aqueous humor?
Sympathomimetics: dipivefrin (Propine), brimonidine (Alphagan), epinephrine (Epifrin), apraclonidine (Iopidine), latanoprost (Xalatan); Adrenergic drops also decrease the formation of aqueous humor and may be beneficial when the patient is unresponsive to other medications.
Why do you need a bilateral iridectomy?
Note: Bilateral iridectomy is performed because glaucoma usually develops in the other eye. Postoperative care after peripheral iridectomy includes cycloplegic eye drops. To relax the ciliary muscle and to decrease inflammation, thus preventing adhesions.
What is the main physiological mechanism of glaucoma?
The main physiological mechanism of glaucoma is due to increased intraocular pressure. The patient's prognosis is not affected by when the disease is diagnosed. Glaucoma can arise from an overproduction of aqueous humor. Glaucoma can arise from decreased drainage from the canal of Schlemm.
What causes glaucoma?
Glaucoma can arise from an overproduction of aqueous humor. Glaucoma can arise from decreased drainage from the canal of Schlemm. Click card to see definition 👆. Tap card to see definition 👆.
How long does it take to administer eye drops for glaucoma?
Administer each medication within 3 to 5 minutes after previous medication. If additional eye drops are ordered, the nurse can administer them within 3 to 5 minutes of the last medication with non-sterile gloved hands. Answer the following questions regarding application of eye drops for a client with glaucoma.
How to decrease systemic absorption of eye drops?
Applying gentle pressure using a clean tissue on the client's nasolacrimal duct for 30 to 60 seconds will decrease systemic absorption and increase local absorption following eye drop administration. There is no need to apply a warm compress or have the client swallow. Direct pressure is not indicated.
How to get rid of nasolacrimal duct?
Apply a warm compress to the eye. Apply direct pressure to the client's nasolacrimal duct for 2 minutes. Use a sterile gauze swab to apply pressure on the nasolacrimal duct for 1 minute. Use a clean tissue to apply pressure on the nasolacrimal duct for 30-60 seconds.
What is the best way to administer eye drops?
Washing hands appropriately. Using non-sterile gloves. A surgical scrub is not required for administration of eye drops nor is setting up a sterile field for assembled equipment. Handwashing is done to prevent infection and non-sterile gloves are indicated for eye drop administration.
How to administer eye drops to right eye?
When administering an eye drop to the client's right eye, you should rest your wrist on his or her right cheek. Then retract the right lower lid downward and invert the medication bottle prior to administering. Avoid contact with the eye or any foreign object when administering the medication.
What is the name of the type of glaucoma that can present as a medical emergency in the acute
Angle-closure is the type of glaucoma that can present as a medical emergency in the acute setting. This occurs when the drainage system of the eye becomes blocked abruptly due to the closure of the angle formed between the cornea and the iris.
What is glaucoma in nursing?
Glaucoma (Nursing) - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. Glaucoma is the second leading cause of permanent blindness in the United States and occurs most often in older adults.[1] . There are four general categories of adult glaucoma: primary open-angle and angle-closure, and the secondary open and angle closure glaucoma.
What is secondary glaucoma?
Secondary glaucoma is usually correlated with a prior eye injury or disease state causing elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and related optic neuropathy. The last type is normal or low-tension type glaucoma in which patients have the same visual loss pattern as POAG but at normal intraocular pressure readings.
What is the term for the loss of axons and ganglions?
Glaucoma is defined as an acquired loss of retinal ganglion cells and axons within the optic nerve or optic neuropathy, that results in a characteristic optic nerve head appearance and a corresponding progressive loss of vision.
What are the four categories of glaucoma?
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of permanent blindness in the United States and occurs most often in older adults.[1] . There are four general categories of adult glaucoma: primary open-angle and angle-closure, and the secondary open and angle closure glaucoma.
What are the different types of glaucoma?
There are four general categories of adult glaucoma: primary open-angle and angle-closure, and the secondary open and angle closure glaucoma . The most common type in the United States is primary, open-angle glaucoma (POAG).[1] .
How old do you have to be to get glaucoma?
While there are congenital, infantile, development glaucomas, and a juvenile variant of POAG, the four previously mentioned glaucoma types typically occur in people over the age of 40.
What is the cause of glaucoma in nursing?
Glaucoma develops from high intraocular pressure which damages the optic nerve. This can lead to vision loss and blindness. The nurse should be aware of the pathophysiology, types of glaucoma, nursing implications, signs/symptoms, and medication administration etc.
How long should a nurse wait before administering a second eye drop?
The nurse should wait at least 3-5 minutes before administering the second medication. This is so that the first medication can be used by the eye and not washed out by the second medication. 13. A patient with glaucoma is ordered eye medication for the right eye in the form of an ointment and eye drop.
What happens when the drainage angle of the eye becomes too narrow or closed to allow aqueous humor to drain out
The answer is A. Angle-closure glaucoma occurs when the drainage angle of the eye becomes too narrow or closed to allow aqueous humor to drain out of the eye. This fluid stays in the eye and increases intraocular pressure, which can damage the optic nerve.
What is the purpose of gonioscopy?
The answer is D. A gonioscopy is used to assess the drainage angle of the eye. The drainage angle is the area in which an angle is formed at the front of the eyes where the iris and cornea meet. This is where aqueous humor drains out into the trabecular meshwork.
Which chamber of the eye produces aqueous humor?
The ciliary body produces aqueous humor -> then it flows through the anterior chamber (area of the eye between the iris and cornea) -> pupil opening -> posterior chamber (area of the eye between lens and iris) ->drainage angle ->trabecular meshwork -> schlemm’s canal -> episcleral veins.
Is glaucoma reversible?
The answer is D. This option is the only correct statement about glaucoma. Vision loss is NOT reversible when it occurs in glaucoma but it’s permanent…eye drops can prevent further progression. Glaucoma occurs due to INCREASED intraocular pressure (NOT decreased), and there is NO cure for glaucoma.
What is glaucoma in nursing?
Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders that result in increased intraocular pressure. Therefore the nurse should intervene to correct the misconceptions of keeping the head in a dependent position and lifting objects that weigh more than 10 lbs (4.5 kg). All the rest are correct statements and need no follow up.
What is the best drug for glaucoma?
Carbachol is a cholinergic agent that is used to treat glaucoma. Brimonidine is an alpha-adrenergic agonist that is prescribed in glaucoma. Methazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used to treat glaucoma.
What is the effect of epinephrine on glaucoma?
Epinephrine, an adrenergic agent, enhances aqueous humor outflow, thereby reducing intraocular pressure. what does the visual disorder of glaucoma look like. the image shows the visual disorder of glaucoma.
What causes glaucoma to be blurry?
There are several varieties. Diabetic retinopathy has areas of blindness caused by hemorrhages, which often occur within 20 years of being diagnosed. Cataracts cause blurring, sensitivity to glare, and decreased perception of light.
What is the most common type of glaucoma?
Open-angle glaucoma, the most common type of glaucoma, results from increased resistance to aqueous humor outflow. An opacity of the crystalline lens or its capsule is the description of a cataract. A curvature of the cornea that becomes unequal is the description of astigmatism.
Can Duloxetine cause glaucoma?
Duloxetine can worsen uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma. Trazodone is contraindicated in clients with a known drug allergy. Bupropion is contraindicated for clients with seizures. Mirtazapine is contraindicated in cases of known drug allergy and concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
Is duloxetine a contraindication for glaucoma?
Duloxetine is an antidepressant drug used in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. A contraindication is that it can worsen uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma. Lithium carbonate is used to treat manic episodes but is contraindicated in clients with renal disease.
Why is glaucoma considered a medical emergency?
This is a medical emergency because it can lead to long-term vision loss if we don’t catch it and fix the problem. There’s one other type of glaucoma. It’s a type of glaucoma in which the pressure inside the eye is normal.
Why does glaucoma cause increased intraocular pressure?
This is because of a clogged or blocked drainage angle, similar to having a clog in the sink. Because the fluid has nowhere else to go, and since the eyes are confined space, this creates an increased intraocular pressure.
What is the term for the damage to the optic nerve in the eye?
In this lesson we’re going to talk about glaucoma. Glaucoma, by definition, is damage to the optic nerve as a result of increased pressure inside the eye, also known as intraocular pressure, or IOP. In order to understand how that works, we have to take a few steps back and take a look at the eye.
What is the anatomy of the eye?
The anatomy of the eye functions similarly to a kitchen sink. Part of the iris, call the ciliary bodies, are responsible for producing the aqueous humor in the eye – that’s like the faucet in the sink. The drain portion of the eye is where the iris and the cornea meet, often called the drainage angle. Glaucoma is a result of decreased outflow of ...
What is the normal pressure for glaucoma?
The important thing for you guys to remember is that the normal pressure is 10 to 21 mmHg.
Why is safety important in nursing?
Safety is important because you need to make sure that your patient is safe at home because they have decreased sensory and visual perception. Also be sure to consider patient’s comfort levels because glaucoma can occasionally be painful. —. Okay guys, quick recap.
What is the Med Surg integument?
The Med Surg Integument, Musculoskeletal, Vision & Hearing Care for the NCLEX® gives you the most important things you need to know about diseases of the skin, musculoskeletal system, eyes and ears to prepare you for the NCLEX®. The skin is the largest organ in our body and is our major protection from infection! It’s so important that we understand how to assess the skin, how to prevent any kind of breakdown, and how to treat any lesions or wounds. The EENT lessons provide an overview of some of the most common EENT disorders that affect vision & hearing. And finally, the musculoskeletal lessons cover some of the most common musculoskeletal diseases. The musculoskeletal system literally forms the framework for our body. We will help you understand how these different diseases will affect a patient and how to care for them appropriately.
What is the best treatment for glaucoma?
The following techniques are intended to improve the drainage of fluid within the eye, thereby lowering pressure: Laser therapy. Laser trabe culoplasty (truh-BEK-u-low-plas-tee) is an option if you have open-angle glaucoma.
How to treat glaucoma?
Glaucoma is treated by lowering your eye pressure (intraocular pressure). Depending on your situation, your options may include prescription eyedrops, oral medications, laser treatment, ...
What are the symptoms of glaucoma?
All medications, supplements and vitamins you take, including the doses. Any eye problems you've had in the past, such as vision changes or eye discomfort. Family members with glaucoma, what type of glaucoma they had and how severe the condition was for them.
How to control eye pressure?
These tips may help you control high eye pressure or promote eye health. Eat a healthy diet. Eating a healthy diet can help you maintain your health, but it won't prevent glaucoma from worsening. Several vitamins and nutrients are important to eye health, including zinc, copper, selenium, and antioxidant vitamins C, E, and A.
What is the treatment for angle closure glaucoma?
If you're diagnosed with this condition, you'll need urgent treatment to reduce the pressure in your eye. This generally will require both medication and laser or other surgical procedures.
What is the best way to reduce eye pressure?
If eyedrops alone don't bring your eye pressure down to the desired level, your doctor may also prescribe an oral medication, usually a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Possible side effects include frequent urination, tingling in the fingers and toes, depression, stomach upset, and kidney stones.
How to reduce intraocular pressure?
Sleep with your head elevated. Using a wedge pillow that keeps your head slightly raised, about 20 degrees, has been shown to reduce intraocular pressure while you sleep. Take prescribed medicine. Using your eyedrops or other medications as prescribed can help you get the best possible result from your treatment.