Patients with tuberculous pericarditis will need anti-tuberculosis medication. Those with a pyogenic bacterial infection will need strong antibiotics and removal of any infected fluid around the heart. Patients with uremic pericarditis caused by kidney failure will need hemodialysis, a mechanical procedure to clean the blood.
When is pericardiocentesis indicated in the treatment of uremic pericarditis?
If there is treatment failure with dialysis, it is recommended one perform pericardiocentesis in patients with uremic pericarditis with effusion within 7 to 14 days. In patients with severe uremic pericarditis and effusion leading to cardiac tamponade, emergent pericardiocentesis is recommended.
What are the causes of uremic pericarditis?
The term acute pericarditis refers to inflammation of this fibroelastic sac. The causes of pericarditis are wide-ranging from infection, autoimmune processes, malignancy, and uremia. This article will discuss uremic pericarditis, including the etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment.
What medications are used to treat acute pericarditis?
Prescription-strength pain relievers also may be used. Colchicine (Colcrys, Mitigare). This drug, which reduces inflammation in the body, may be prescribed for acute pericarditis or as a treatment for recurrent symptoms. Colchicine can reduce the length of pericarditis symptoms and decrease the risk that the condition will recur.
What is the prognosis of uremic pericarditis?
Uremic Pericarditis is a major complication of kidney disease and may occur in patients with acute or chronic renal failure, before dialysis or on dialysis treatment. Its incidence was high in the past, was usually considered a terminal event, and was associated with a high mortality rate [1], but in more recent years it is rarely encountered.
What is the treatment for uremic pericarditis?
Uremic pericarditis is effectively treated with hemodialysis and can resolve the symptoms and decrease the size of any pericardial effusion, if present.
What type of treatment would you suggest for a patient with viral pericarditis?
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs — For nearly all patients with acute idiopathic or viral pericarditis, we recommend NSAIDs (in combination with colchicine) as the initial treatment (algorithm 1).
What is uremic pericarditis?
Uremic pericarditis is thought to result from inflammation of the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium by metabolic toxins that accumulate in the body owing to kidney failure.
What is pericarditis and how is it treated?
Pericarditis often causes sharp chest pain. The chest pain occurs when the irritated layers of the pericardium rub against each other. Pericarditis is usually mild and goes away without treatment. Treatment for more-severe cases may include medications and, rarely, surgery.
Which medications may be used as first line treatment for pericarditis?
The first line of treatment for acute pericarditis is high doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, which can help reduce pain, inflammation, and fever, another common symptom of pericarditis.
What antibiotics treat pericarditis?
Bacterial Pericarditis In immunocompetent patients, the antibiotic regimen is vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q12h plus ceftriaxone 1-2 g IV q12h.
What is the best treatment for uremic pericarditis or uremic pericardial effusion?
Treatment / Management The preferred method is to institute dialysis. Uremic pericarditis has been shown to respond rapidly to dialysis leading to resolution of chest pain as well as the pericardial effusion in about 76% of cases.
Is pericarditis an indication for dialysis?
The development of pericarditis in a patient with severe acute or chronic renal failure is an absolute indication for intensive dialysis. In most patients, relief of chest pain and reduction in the size of any effusion occurs within 1-2 weeks.
What do you mean by uremia?
Uremia is a buildup of toxins in your blood. It occurs when the kidneys stop filtering toxins out through your urine. Uremia is often a sign of end-stage renal (kidney) disease. Treatments include medication, dialysis and kidney transplant surgery. Left untreated, uremia can lead to serious health problems or death.
What is the treatment for myocarditis and pericarditis?
Many cases are mild and may improve with rest. Your child's doctor may recommend over-the-counter medications to help with pain. More severe cases may result in pericardial tamponade, a buildup of fluids that increases pressure on the heart. This may require emergency drainage of excess fluids.
How does colchicine help pericarditis?
Colchicine is an anti-inflammatory agent that works by inhibiting tubulin polymerization, thereby interfering with migration and phagocytosis and reducing the inflammatory cycle. For acute pericarditis, colchicine is generally used in combination with other therapies.
How is pericarditis diagnosed?
How is pericarditis diagnosed?Chest X-ray to see the size of your heart and any fluid in your lungs.Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to look for changes in your heart rhythm. ... Echocardiogram (echo) to see how well your heart is working and check for fluid or pericardial effusion around the heart.More items...•
What is the best treatment for pericarditis?
Examples include: Pain relievers. Pericarditis pain can usually be treated with over-the-counter pain relievers, such as aspirin or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others). Prescription-strength pain relievers also may be used.
What is the purpose of a pericarditis test?
The test can be used to look for thickening that may be a sign of constrictive pericarditis. Your doctor may order this test to rule out other causes of sudden chest pain, such as a blood clot in a lung (pulmonary embolus) or a tear in your aorta (aortic dissection). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
What is the sound of pericarditis?
During the exam, the doctor will place a stethoscope on your chest to listen to your heart sounds. Pericarditis causes a specific sound, called a pericardial rub. The noise occurs when the two layers of the sac surrounding your heart (pericardium) ...
What is the procedure to remove fluid from the heart?
Treatments include: Pericardiocentesis. In this procedure, a doctor uses a sterile needle or a small tube (catheter) to remove and drain the excess fluid from the pericardial cavity.
What is ECG test?
Electrocardiogram (ECG). An electrocardiogram is a quick and painless test that records the electrical signals in your heart. Sticky patches (electrodes) with wires attached connect to a monitor. They record the electrical signals that make your heart beat.
What is the purpose of a cardiac MRI?
Cardiac MRI uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create cross-sectional images of your heart that can reveal thickening, inflammation or other changes in the pericardium.
What is acute pericarditis?
The term acute pericarditis refers to inflammation of this fibroelastic sac. The causes of pericarditis are wide-ranging from infection, autoimmune processes, malignancy, and uremia. This article will discuss uremic pericarditis, including the etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment.
What is the pericardium made of?
It is composed of two layers, visceral and parietal, that are separated by a "potential" space. Within this potential space, it is normal to have 15-50 mL of fluid to serve the purpose of lubrication. The term acute pericarditis refers t …. The pericardium is the fibroelastic sac surrounding the heart. It is composed of two layers, visceral and ...
What is the term for inflammation of the fibroelastic sac?
Within this potential space, it is normal to have 15-50 mL of fluid to serve the purpose of lubrication. The term acute pericarditis refers to inflammation of this fibroelastic sac. The causes of pericarditis are wide-ranging from infection, ...
Diagnosis
Treatment
- Treatment for pericarditis depends on the cause and the severity of the symptoms. Mild pericarditis may get better without treatment.
Clinical Trials
- Explore Mayo Clinic studiestesting new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this condition.
Lifestyle and Home Remedies
- For mild pericarditis, rest and over-the-counter pain medications — taken as directed by your care provider — may be all that's needed. While you recover, avoid strenuous physical activity and competitive sports. Such activity can trigger pericarditis symptoms. Ask your health care provider how long you need to rest.
Preparing For Your Appointment
- You're likely to start by seeing a primary care provider or an emergency room doctor. You may be referred to a doctor trained in heart conditions (cardiologist). Here's some information to help you prepare for your appointment.