How do we decide if a treatment is even needed?
First, we need to determine if a treatment is even needed. By having a clear accounting of the person’s symptoms and how they affect daily functioning, we can decide to what extent the individual is adversely affected.
How do you put nursing theory into practice?
Putting theory into practice: Six Steps to Sucess Step 1: Conduct a focus group. We invited nurses in leadership and direct-care roles to attend a four-hour focus group... Step 2: Select a model. The group gave very high marks to the Iowa Model and the Rosswurm & Larrabee Model. Eventually,... Step ...
Does theory matter in planning to implement evidence-based practices into clinical care?
This paper presents a case for careful consideration of theory in planning to implement evidence-based practices into clinical care. As described, theory should be tightly linked to strategic planning through careful choice or creation of an implementation framework.
Why do patients choose not to receive certain treatments?
There are many reasons why individual patients may prefer not to receive particular treatments, regardless of their demonstrated efficacy. These reasons may include such factors as pain, expense, duration, fear, side effects, adverse reactions, values, culture, and personal preferences.
What are the steps in choosing a theory for nursing practice?
Nurses at Sinai Hospital of Baltimore faced—and met—these challenges by using a systematic approach consisting of six steps.Step 1: Conduct a focus group. ... Step 2: Select a model. ... Step 3: Communicate. ... Step 4: Educate. ... Step 5: Implement the model. ... Step 6: Evaluate the model.
What are the factors that you consider when making clinical or patient care related decisions?
Five main themes emerged from the data. From the participants' points of view, 'feeling competent', 'being self-confident', 'organizational structure', 'nursing education', and 'being supported' were considered as important factors in effective clinical decision-making.
What is the purpose of applying nursing theory to patient care?
Nursing theory helps distinguish nursing as a separate discipline from medicine and related sciences, and assists nurses in understanding their patients and their needs. The theory provides different templates to help nurses provide care that respects patients and improves outcomes.
How nursing theory can be applied?
Professionals develop nursing theories to inform nursing practice, advance care strategies, and improve patient outcomes for a better quality of life. Nurses can apply them to all six steps of the nursing process: assessment, diagnosis, outcome, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
What factors might influence the decisions by healthcare professionals?
They identified five factors influencing recruitment decisions: the relationship between researcher and clinicians; resources available; nature of the research and its acceptability to clinicians and patients; impact on professional identities and recruitment strategies [6].
What makes good clinical decision-making?
Factors that affect decision making Clinical decision making is a balance of known best practice (the evidence, the research), awareness of the current situation and environment, and knowledge of the patient. It is about 'joining the dots' to make an informed decision.
Why is it important for nurses to understand and use a nursing theory or model in practice?
Background: Nursing theory-guided practice helps improve the quality of nursing care because it allows nurses to articulate what they do for patients and why they do it.
What is the purpose of a theory?
Theories are formulated to explain, predict, and understand phenomena and, in many cases, to challenge and extend existing knowledge within the limits of critical bounding assumptions. The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study.
Why is a theory important?
Theories are vital: They guide and give meaning to what we see. When a researcher investigates and collects information through observation, the investigator needs a clear idea of what information is important to collect. Thus, valid theories are validated by research and are a sound basis for practical action.
What are the main components of a nursing theory?
Four major concepts are frequently interrelated and fundamental to nursing theory: person, environment, health, and nursing. These four are collectively referred to as metaparadigm for nursing.
What are some barriers to nursing theory development?
Five main categories emerged as the main barriers: non-standard practices in clinical settings; lack of trust in clinical competence; lack of perceived professional support; insufficiencies in teaching and learning process, and differences between doing things in the simulated world and real clinical situations.
What are the four major theories of nursing?
In nursing, the four main metaparadigms, according to the Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, are person, environment, health and nursing. These four frameworks inform grand nursing theories, middle-range nursing theories and practice-level nursing theories.
What is Watson's theory of human caring?
Watson’s theory of human caring science looks beyond the bio-medical model and to the spiritual aspect of establishing a caring relationship between the nurse and the patient. I chose this exemplar because I think it exemplifies the aspects that nurses have a challenge with in today’s busy environments. I will be applying the theory by focusing on three of the ten factors of caritas process
What are the tenets of human caring science?
Jean Watson believed that through caring nurses can contribute to the human development, and as health professionals we can make social, moral and scientific contributions to humankind (Chinn & Kramer, 2017). Watson believed that the focus of the bio-medical approach with radical cure techniques have little regard to human considerations (Chinn&Kramer, 2017).
Why do we need to learn nursing theory?
The major reason for learning philosophy and nursing theory is for you to USE the content in your basic and advanced practice to become a better nurse, promote positive outcomes for your patients, and ultimately help to move the profession of nursing forward.
What is a spin theory in nursing?
Some of you may work in a practice setting that subscribes to a “house-wide” theory – that is, a theory that all nurses use within that setting.
How does research inform nursing practice?
Research informs education and practice by providing evidence for best practices for teaching and nursing care delivery. Education is the setting for learning; faculty should teach based on research evidence on teaching and learning, teaching/learning theories, and needs of the practice arena.
What is the nursing process?
The Nursing Process is considered a scientific method and it is used as a theory for nursing practice: it guides how you practice, in terms of nursing functions. I assess the patient, analyze the data I get to plan care, implement that care, and then evaluate the outcomes.
Is there a universal theory of nursing?
There is no one universal theory for nursing, so you have to take some time to really think about the many different theories – nursing and non-nursing – to understand and choose the best theory for practice.
Is the theory-practice gap real?
But while nursing theories and models can “provide the rationale and consequences of nursing actions and lead to predictable client outcomes” (Kenney, p. 335), the “theory-practice gap” is real.
Why are guidelines important for treatment?
Good guidelines allow for flexibility in treatment selection so as to maximize the range of choices among effective treatment alternatives.
What is treatment guidelines?
That is, treatment guidelines are patient directed or patient focused as opposed to practitioner focused, and they tend to be condition or treatment specific (e.g., pediatric immunizations, mammography, depression).
Why are guideline panels recommended?
It is recommended that guideline panels make detailed recommendations to facilitate independent evaluation of the reliability of the guidelines they produce. Ascertaining whether the guidelines are interpreted and applied consistently by health care professionals comprises one assessment of reliability.
What is a criterion 7.2?
Criterion 7.2 It is recommended that guidelines take into account the effects on treatment outcome of interactions between the patient's and the health care professional's characteristics , including but not limited to language, ethnicity, background, sex, and gender.
What is the purpose of failure to disclose scientific justification for a guideline?
Moreover, failure to disclose the scientific justification for a guideline violates a basic principle of science, which requires open scrutiny and debate. Without the disclosure of adequate scientific information, guidelines are mere expressions of opinion.
Why are guidelines promulgated?
Guidelines are promulgated to encourage high quality care. Ideally, they are not promulgated as a means of establishing the identity of a particular professional group or specialty, nor are they used to exclude certain persons from practicing in a particular area.
What factors affect outcome?
Such factors as the professional's skill, experience, gender, language, and ethnic background can affect outcome in ways that are only partly understood. Criterion 7.1 It is recommended that guidelines take into account the effect of the health care professional's training, skill, and experience on treatment outcome.
What are the three critical concepts of assessment?
The assessment process involves three critical concepts – reliability, validity, and standardization . Actually, these three are important to science in general. First, we want the assessment to be reliable or consistent. Outside of clinical assessment, when our car has an issue and we take it to the mechanic, we want to make sure that what one mechanic says is wrong with our car is the same as what another says, or even two others. If not, the measurement tools they use to assess cars are flawed. The same is true of a patient who is suffering from a mental disorder. If one mental health professional says the person suffers from major depressive disorder and another says the issue is borderline personality disorder, then there is an issue with the assessment tool being used (in this case, the DSM and more on that in a bit). Ensuring that two different raters are consistent in their assessment of patients is called interrater reliability. Another type of reliability occurs when a person takes a test one day, and then the same test on another day. We would expect the person’s answers to be consistent, which is called test-retest reliability. For example, let’s say the person takes the MMPI on Tuesday and then the same test on Friday. Unless something miraculous or tragic happened over the two days in between tests, the scores on the MMPI should be nearly identical to one another. What does identical mean? The score at test and the score at retest are correlated with one another. If the test is reliable, the correlation should be very high (remember, a correlation goes from -1.00 to +1.00, and positive means as one score goes up, so does the other, so the correlation for the two tests should be high on the positive side).
What is clinical diagnosis?
Clinical diagnosis is the process of using assessment data to determine if the pattern of symptoms the person presents with is consistent with the diagnostic criteria for a specific mental disorder outlined in an established classification system such as the DSM-5 or I CD-10 (both will be described shortly). Any diagnosis should have clinical utility, meaning it aids the mental health professional in determining prognosis, the treatment plan, and possible outcomes of treatment (APA, 2013). Receiving a diagnosis does not necessarily mean the person requires treatment. This decision is made based upon how severe the symptoms are, level of distress caused by the symptoms, symptom salience such as expressing suicidal ideation, risks and benefits of treatment, disability, and other factors (APA, 2013). Likewise, a patient may not meet the full criteria for a diagnosis but require treatment nonetheless.
Can personality be assessed?
That said, personality cannot be directly assessed, and so you do not ever completely know the individual. 3.1.3.4. Neurological tests. Neurological tests are used to diagnose cognitive impairments caused by brain damage due to tumors, infections, or head injuries; or changes in brain activity.
Does receiving a diagnosis mean you need treatment?
Receiving a diagnosis does not necessarily mean the person requires treatment. This decision is made based upon how severe the symptoms are, level of distress caused by the symptoms, symptom salience such as expressing suicidal ideation, risks and benefits of treatment, disability, and other factors (APA, 2013).
Why do people seek therapy?
There are also many people who seek therapy because they need help navigating everyday life transitions such as getting older, graduating college, or ending a relationship, and therapists can play an invaluable role in helping people navigate the complexities of relating to others and living in a modern world.
Why is it important to be a therapist?
As a therapist, it's important to decide which theories and therapy practices you wish to incorporate into your practice and gain adequate training to use them effectively. It is common for therapists to utilize more than one type of therapy in their counseling practice.
What is the best way to become an ethical therapist?
Therapy Models, Theories, and Practices. While graduate programs in counseling and psychology will teach you the general skills and knowledge needed to become an ethical therapist, most therapists will seek additional, specialized training in specific therapy models or practices.
What are some examples of treatment populations?
Examples of different treatment populations include: children. seniors. couples. survivors of abuse. transgender people. people with drug addiction. ethnic minorities. Of course, there are many different populations that you can work with.
Is there a career path for a therapist?
There is no single career path that fits all therapists, and few therapists treat every issue and every population. If you have an idea about the people with whom you would like to work or the issues you would like to address as a therapist, this can help guide your graduate school choices, coursework, internships, and other career preparations.
Can a therapist treat every issue?
No therapist can masterfully treat every issue in every population. Instead, consider choosing specific issues that you think you can excel at treating. For example, you might narrow your work focus to address trauma for people who have been abused, survived a natural disaster, or experienced workplace discrimination. In addition, diagnosed mental health conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, or obsessive compulsions often require expert intervention and treatment strategies tailored to address the underlying causes.
How can theory be used in nursing?
Theory can also be used to guide the research process by creating and testing phenomena of interest. To improve the nursing profession’s ability to meet societal duties and responsibilities, there needs to be a continuous reciprocal and cyclical connection with theory, practice, and research. This will help connect the perceived “gap” between theory and practice and promote the theory-guided practice.
Why do we need nursing theories?
By defining nursing, a nursing theory also helps nurses understand their purpose and role in the healthcare setting. Theories serve as a rationale or scientific reasons for nursing interventions and give nurses the knowledge base necessary for acting and responding appropriately in nursing care situations .
What is nursing theory?
Nursing theories are organized bodies of knowledge to define what nursing is, what nurses do, and why they do it. Nursing theories provide a way to define nursing as a unique discipline that is separate from other disciplines (e.g., medicine).
What are the four main concepts of nursing?
These four are collectively referred to as metaparadigm for nursing. Person, Nursing, Environment, and Health – the four main concepts that make up the nursing metaparadigm.
What is clinical practice?
In a clinical setting, its primary contribution has been the facilitation of reflecting, questioning, and thinking about what nurses do. Because nurses and nursing practice are often subordinate to powerful institutional forces and traditions, introducing any framework that encourages nurses to reflect on, question, and think about what they do provide an invaluable service.
What is the goal of nursing?
There are numerous definitions of nursing, though nursing scholars may have difficulty agreeing on its exact definition. The ultimate goal of nursing theories is to improve patient care.
What is a grand theory in nursing?
Grand Nursing Theories. Grand theories are abstract, broad in scope, and complex, therefore requiring further research for clarification. Grand nursing theories do not guide specific nursing interventions but rather provide a general framework and nursing ideas.
How to assess a patient's behavior?
The HBM allows healthcare professionals to access and assess the patient’s potential behavior by breaking down their beliefs. Following the HBM, a healthcare provider should: 1 Assess the patient’s understanding of the potential consequences of their disease. 2 Make sure the patient knows that:#N#they are susceptible to those consequences, and#N#that they have a degree of control over the outcome if they follow the treatment. 3 Assess the patient’s understanding of the benefits of the treatment to ensure they fully understand those benefits. 4 Make sure that the patient has a realistic understanding of side effects to ensure that if side effects manifest, they do not undermine the perceived value of the behavior change.
How does a prescriber's approach affect a patient's behavior?
A prescriber’s approach that significantly influences a patient’s understanding can have a dramatic effect on behaviors. By asking careful questions, such as those outlined above, a provider can ensure that the patient has the understanding needed to modify their behavior and adhere to treatment.
What are the two considerations of HBM?
While the rational decision making approach of the HBM makes intuitive sense, developers went further and broke it down in terms of the effects of health beliefs on patient behavior; they determined that there are two separate considerations: those concerning the condition or disease and those concerning treatments.
What is the purpose of the Health Belief Model?
The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a model to help understand what patients believe about their health. The HBM can be used to identify detrimental patient behaviors caused by a poor understanding of a condition or treatment. The HBM can be used to structure interactions with patients to enhance their understanding of treatment ...
Why is sporadic illness a barrier?
The sporadic nature of the condition lowers the patient’s perception of risk, in terms of both seriousness and susceptibility, and because of the patient’s relative youth, there is an additional barrier created by the difficulty of accepting the chronic condition identity.
Is medication adherence one time?
It also does not adequately address the fact that many of the behavior changes in a treatment plan, like medication adherence, diet, and exercise, are not one-time decisions, but rather a series of daily decisions that must be made over an extended period of time, often for many years.
