What happened to Germany's territory after WW1?
After the First World War, Germany lost about 10% of its territory to its neighbours and the Weimar Republic was formed. This republic included territories to the east of today's German borders .
How is bronchitis treated in ancient Greece?
The basic historic theories of human function have readily been applied to bronchitis; thus in Greek medicine, the disease was appreciated as one of excess phlegm. Early remedies included garlic, pepper, cinnamon, and turpentine, whereas later therapies of choice emphasized coffee, ipecac, and potassium nitrate.
What areas of Germany were affected by WW2?
These areas included large urban centres such as Stettin, Breslau, Landsberg an der Warthe and so on. Expulsion of the German populations remaining beyond the new eastern borders of Germany, and ethnically German denaturalised citizens of other states such Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia.
What was the final settlement of the German-Westphalian War?
Between 1970 and 1990, the West German political establishment gradually recognised the " facts on the ground " and accepted clauses in the Treaty on the Final Settlement, whereby Germany renounced all claims to territory east of the Oder–Neisse line.
What is the history of bronchitis?
History. London physician Charles Badham coined the term bronchitis. He uses the word in his 1808 publication in which he describes the disease as an 'inflammatory affection of that part of the mucous membrane which lines the bronchial tubes'.
What caused bronchitis?
Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses, typically the same viruses that cause colds and flu (influenza). Antibiotics don't kill viruses, so this type of medication isn't useful in most cases of bronchitis. The most common cause of chronic bronchitis is cigarette smoking.
Does Covid lead to bronchitis?
Acute Bronchitis It's usually caused by the same viruses that cause colds and the flu. But it can also be a symptom of COVID-19. Coronaviruses and other viruses that affect your respiratory system can cause bronchitis. This can sometimes lead to pneumonia, an infection of the tiny air sacs in your lungs.
Where was bronchitis discovered?
In Britain in 1808, a physician Charles Badham was the first person to describe the condition and name the acute form as acute bronchitis. This was written of in a book entitled Inflammatory conditions of the bronchia.
What kind of cough is Covid?
A dry cough is one of the most common coronavirus symptoms, but some people may have a cough with phlegm (thick mucus). It can be difficult to control your cough but there are a few ways to help.
Can bronchitis lead to death?
Acute bronchitis, the infectious form of which affects most people with the disease, is only very rarely fatal. Chronic bronchitis, however, can slowly destroy lung function and may become life threatening.
Do all patients with COVID-19 get pneumonia?
Most people who get COVID-19 have mild or moderate symptoms like coughing, a fever, and shortness of breath. But some who catch COVID-19 get severe pneumonia in both lungs. COVID-19 pneumonia is a serious illness that can be deadly.
How can I permanently cure bronchitis?
Acute bronchitis can clear up on its own once the infection that caused it subsides. Chronic bronchitis, however, can't be cured. It's included under the umbrella of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), and needs to be managed with lifelong treatments and lifestyle changes.
Can you survive COVID pneumonia?
While most people recover from pneumonia without any lasting lung damage, the pneumonia associated with COVID-19 can be severe. Even after the disease has passed, lung injury may result in breathing difficulties that might take months to improve.
Where is bronchitis most common in the world?
The present study documents a widespread variation in chronic bronchitis among countries, with centres in Spain, Ireland and the USA showing the highest rates.
How was bronchitis treated in the 1800s?
Early remedies included garlic, pepper, cinnamon, and turpentine, whereas later therapies of choice emphasized coffee, ipecac, and potassium nitrate. Most of the favored bronchodilator drugs of today are derived from the traditional folk remedies, ephedrine, atropine, and theophylline.
What is the death rate of bronchitis?
Overall, the mortality in children hospitalized for bronchiolitis in different series ranges from 0.2% to 7%.
How much of Germany's territory was lost?
Outside Europe, Germany lost all its colonies. In sum, Germany forfeited 13 percent of its European territory (more than 27,000 square miles) and one-tenth of its population (between 6.5 and 7 million people).
Which country received parts of West Prussia and Silesia from Germany?
In the east, Poland received parts of West Prussia and Silesia from Germany. In addition, Czechoslovakia received the Hultschin district from Germany; the largely German city of Danzig became a free city under the protection of the League of Nations; and Memel, a small strip of territory in East Prussia along the Baltic Sea, ...
What was the Treaty of Versailles that Germany lost?
Germany lost World War I. In the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, the victorious powers (the United States, Great Britain, France, and other allied states) imposed punitive territorial, military, and economic provisions on defeated Germany. In the west, Germany returned Alsace-Lorraine to France. It had been seized by Germany more than 40 years earlier.
Which country returned Alsace Lorraine to France?
In the west, Germany returned Alsace-Lorraine to France. It had been seized by Germany more than 40 years earlier. Further, Belgium received Eupen and Malmedy; the industrial Saar region was placed under the administration of the League of Nations for 15 years; and Denmark received Northern Schleswig.
When did Germany give Britain the land of Heligoland?
Heligoland. Britain ceded Heligoland to Germany in 1890 in accordance with the terms of the Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty. The Heligolanders, then still prevailingly fluent in their Heligolandic dialect of North Frisian, adopted German citizenship, like many other Frisians of Germany along the North Sea coast.
What are the territorial changes of the Baltic states?
v. t. e. The territorial changes of Germany include all changes in the borders and territory of Germany from its formation in 1871 to the present . Modern Germany was formed in 1871 when Otto von Bismarck unified most of the German states, with the notable exception of Austria, into the German Empire.
How did the Nazis change their fortunes?
The Nazis' fortunes changed after the failure of the invasion of Soviet Union. The Nazi regime eventually collapsed, and the Allies occupied Germany. The former eastern territories of Germany were ceded to Poland and the Soviet Union and the Oder and Neisse Rivers became Germany's new eastern boundary.
What was the western part of Germany called?
In the west, the Saar area formed a French-controlled protectorate with limited autonomy, but its own citizenship laws. With the onset of the Cold War, the western part of Germany was unified as the Trizone, becoming the Federal Republic of Germany in May 1949 ("West Germany").
What was the motivation behind the territorial changes?
Part of the motivation behind the territorial changes is based on historical events in Germany and Western Europe. Migrations that took place over more than a millennium led to pockets of Germans living throughout Central and Eastern Europe as far east as Russia. The existence of these enclaves was sometimes used by German nationalists, such as the Nazis, to justify territorial claims.
How many occupation zones did Germany and Austria have?
Division of Germany and Austria respectively into four occupation zones (earlier agreed in principle at Yalta ), and the similar division of each's capital, Berlin and Vienna, into four and five sectors (one quadripartite sector), respectively.
What was the effect of Nazi rule on Germany?
Nazi Germany initially expanded the country's territory dramatically and conquered most of Europe, though not all areas were added to Germany officially.
Which treaty stripped Germany of all overseas possessions?
Part IV of the Treaty of Versailles stripped Germany of all overseas possessions, and distributed them primarily between Britain and France as League of Nations mandates (along with all former Ottoman territories).
Who took over Alsace-Lorraine?
The area of Alsace-Lorraine was annexed by France, who Germany had taken it from in 1870, and the coal-rich area of the Saar (Saarland) was under a French-led League of Nations control. Smaller areas were also ceded to other neighboring nations, which meant that millions of ethnic Germans became minorities overnight.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
Get in touch with us now. , Feb 21, 2020. Parts II and III of the Treaty of Versailles dealt with Germany's territorial losses as a result of the First World War. In mainland Europe, Germany's borders shrank, reducing the country's size by approximately 65,000 square kilometers, and roughly 7 million people ...
How many rivers were made international in Germany?
In addition to changing borders, five of Germany's major rivers were made international, and were regulated by international committees, of which German representatives never made a majority.
How many countries did Germany secede from?
Loss of territory in Europe. In Europe, Germany seceded territory to seven countries in total, including Czechoslovakia, Lithuania and Poland, none of which existed as independent states before the First World War. Poland was given a "route to the sea" that separated Eastern Prussia from the rest of Germany, and this "route" also included Danzig ...
What was Poland's route to the sea?
Poland was given a "route to the sea" that separated Eastern Prussia from the rest of Germany, and this "route" also included Danzig (Gdańsk), which was made a "free city" under the League of Nations' administration.
What is the best treatment for bronchitis?
If you have chronic bronchitis, you may benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation — a breathing exercise program in which a respiratory therapist teaches you how to breathe more easily and increase your ability to exercise.
How to get rid of a swollen lung?
Lifestyle and home remedies. To help you feel better, you may want to try the following self-care measures: Avoid lung irritants. Don't smoke. Wear a mask when the air is polluted or if you're exposed to irritants, such as paint or household cleaners with strong fumes. Use a humidifier.
How to get rid of coughing and sneezing?
Use a humidifier. Warm, moist air helps relieve coughs and loosens mucus in your airways. But be sure to clean the humidifier according to the manufacturer's recommendations to avoid the growth of bacteria and fungi in the water container. Consider a face mask outside.
Can antibiotics help with bronchitis?
Because most cases of bronchitis are caused by viral infections, antibiotics aren't effective. However, if your doctor suspects that you have a bacterial infection, he or she may prescribe an antibiotic. In some circumstances, your doctor may recommend other medications, including: Cough medicine.
How long does bronchitis last?
Acute bronchitis typically lasts less than 10 days, but the coughing can continue for several weeks. Chronic bronchitis, on the other hand, can last for several weeks and usually comes back. This condition is more common in people with asthma or emphysema. Read on to learn more about symptoms, causes, and treatment of acute bronchitis.
What causes acute bronchitis?
Causes of acute bronchitis include viral and bacterial infections, environmental factors, and other lung conditions. Viral infection: Viruses cause 85 to 95 percent. Trusted Source. of acute bronchitis cases in adults. The same viruses that cause the common cold or flu can cause acute bronchitis.
What causes pneumonia in the lungs?
Pneumonia, however, is most often caused by bacteria, but can also be caused by viruses or other germs. Location: Bronchitis causes inflammation in your bronchial tubes. These are tubes connected to your trachea that carry air into your lungs. They branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles.
What is the condition where mucus builds up in the lungs?
When these tubes become inflamed, mucus can build up. This condition is called bronchitis, and it causes symptoms that can include coughing, shortness of breath, and low fever. Bronchitis can be acute or chronic:
What causes a whooping cough?
This can result from infections by bacteria such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis ( which causes whooping cough ). Irritants: Breathing in irritants such as smoke, smog, or chemical fumes can cause inflammation in your trachea and bronchial tubes. This can lead to acute bronchitis.
How to treat bronchitis in children?
For that reason, the treatment is very similar as well. Your child should drink lots of clear fluids and get lots of bed rest. For fever and aches, consider giving them acetaminophen (Tylenol).
How long does a cough last?
A productive cough is the most common symptom of acute bronchitis and can last from 10 days to three weeks. Another symptom you may notice is a change of color in your mucus, from white to green or yellow.
How to get rid of bronchitis?
Avoid things that can irritate your lungs, such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, and dust. Wash your hands a lot to lower the odds of infection. But those steps are important if you think you have acute bronchitis, too.
How to treat a swollen lung?
This usually requires a combination of medications and lifestyle changes. Important ways you can improve your lung health include: 1 Quit smoking; ask your doctor about therapies that might help. 2 Avoid things that can irritate your lungs, such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, and dust. 3 Wash your hands a lot to lower the odds of infection.
Why does my cough get worse?
The lining of the tubes makes mucus, which makes your cough worse. The condition can also cause wheezing and make it hard to catch your breath. To know for sure whether your recent illness is acute bronchitis and not an allergy or other problem, you should see your doctor.
What to do if you have a cough and you are not bringing up mucus anymore?
Other treatments may include: A cough suppressant (but only if you’re not bringing up mucus anymore; if you are, it means you’re still clearing your airways and your doctor likely won’t advise you to take one) Pain reliever. Sleeping near a humidifier or sitting in a steamy bathroom.
Can antibiotics help with bronchitis?
Antibiotics are powerful medicines that treat bacterial infections. But acute bronchitis is usually caused by a viral infection. Antibiotics don’t help with a virus. If your doctor thinks the cause is bacteria, you might get a prescription for antibiotics. If so, be sure to take the full prescription of antibiotics.
Can chronic bronchitis be treated?
If you have a cough and breathing problems that have lasted for months or years, it might be chronic bronchitis. This is a long- term health problem that needs ongoing treatment. Some people with very serious chronic bronchitis have it their entire lives. Others can successfully treat it.
Can you breathe with bronchitis?
You want to make sure you kill all the bacteria on the first try. A bout of acute bronchitis can make breathing even tougher if you have other respiratory problems.
What is the best treatment for bronchitis?
Inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids are the types of drugs most often used to manage chronic bronchitis. Bronchodilators open up your airways to allow more air to pass through. Corticosteroids reduce airway swelling.
Why is smoking bad for bronchitis?
Smoking is the most common cause of chronic bronchitis because of the permanent damage it can do to your lungs. Other causes include repeated infections or exposure to pollutants. [See Pharmacists' Top Recommended Smoking Cessation Aids .] Chronic bronchitis is not reversible.
What is the term for a cough that lasts for weeks?
Acute Bronchitis. Acute bronchitis (sometimes called a "chest cold") is temporary and usually caused by a virus. Acute bronchitis is not common with bacterial infections. The classic symptom of acute bronchitis is a persistent, nagging cough that could last for several weeks.
How to clear up mucus in airways?
Expectorants (such as guaifenesin) can help you cough up mucus in your airways. Drinking plenty of water also helps by thinning mucus, making it easier to clear. Contact your doctor if you experience any of these symptoms, so that other illnesses, such as asthma or pneumonia, can be ruled out:
Is bronchitis reversible?
Chronic bronchitis is not reversible. The goal of treatment is to improve quality of life and prevent complications. Therapy is targeted at opening your airways and reducing swelling to make breathing easier and slow down the progression of the disease.
What is the disease of the bronchi?
Bronchitis is a disease characterized by inflammation in the bronchi and bronchioles — the parts of the lungs through which oxygen-rich air travels. Inflammation in these airways leads to mucus production, coughing and irritation. This stimulates the production of more mucus and leads to a cycle of constant inflammation.
How to treat bronchitis in dogs?
Most dogs with bronchitis can be successfully treated. The ultimate goal of treatment is to curb the cycle of mucus production and inflammation. To treat your dog, your vet will likely recommend one or more of the following: 1 Oral medicine, including anti-inflammatory corticosteroids like prednisone, airway dilators and mucus-busting drugs designed to loosen or thin secretions 2 Cough suppressants 3 Antibiotics (if secondary infections are a factor) 4 Nebulization (delivery of medicine through a mist to be inhaled into the lungs) and coupage (a procedure performed by a veterinarian where they strike the chest of the dog with cupped hands) to moisten the airways and release mucus
Why does my dog cough when he has bronchitis?
Causes of Bronchitis in Dogs. Bronchitis in dogs can be caused by anything that irritates the airways or otherwise stimulates an inflammatory reaction. The key is to distinguish it from other causes of coughing, such as: In many cases, these disorders can exacerbate chronic bronchitis.
What do vets do for bronchitis?
Vets diagnose chronic bronchitis based on a variety of factors, including the dog's health history and a physical exam. To help make a diagnosis and rule out other causes of coughing, they use the following tools: Chest X-rays: A distinct pattern is visible in many patients with chronic bronchitis.
Can bronchoscopy be done on dogs?
This procedure can be expensive and difficult to perform in many patients, especially in small pets. It will require your dog to be put under general anesthesia.
Can dogs get bronchitis from smoke?
Chronic bronchitis also has a seasonal factor. Dogs living in areas where dust pollen or smoke are common during certain times of the year may be at a higher risk of the condition. Sudden weather changes may also worsen signs. Keeping dogs indoors during times of the year found to exacerbate signs can be helpful.
Is bronchitis a hereditary disease?
While doctors believe that a dog's level of airway reactivity is hereditary, environmental factors also play a role. Keeping your dog at a healthy weight also plays a crucial role in helping prevent bronchitis. Less pressure on their airways can help them better fight off the condition.