What are the psychological approaches to bipolar disorder?
1. Self-Awareness...
2. Track Your Moods...
3. Cross off the Stress Box...
4. Seek Social Support...
5. Make Healthy Choices...
6. Do Not be Impulsive...
7. Stick to a Schedule...
Learn More...Is there a psychological model of bipolar depression?
Psychological approaches to bipolar disorders: A theoretical critique. These approaches include the Behavioural Activation/Inhibition Systems model, the Cognitive Therapy model, the Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy model, the Interacting Cognitive Subsystems model, and the SPAARS model.
Is medication the only option for treating bipolar?
Compared to psychological approaches to unipolar depression and anxiety disorders, the development of psychological models of, and corresponding treatments for, bipolar disorders has a relatively brief history.
Can theory of mind impairments in bipolar disorder be improved?
Medication is not the only option for treating bipolar disorder. Psychosocial treatment options for bipolar disorder include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT), and Family-Focused Therapy.
Which treatment approach is specifically associated with bipolar disorder?
The most effective treatment for bipolar disorder is a combination of medication and psychotherapy. Most people take more than one drug, like a mood-stabilizing drug and an antipsychotic or antidepressant.
What is the psychological perspective of bipolar disorder?
Bipolar disorder involves periods of extreme disruptions to mood, behaviour and cognitive functioning. People with the disorder typically experience periods of severe depression, mania or hypomania, in addition to periods of relatively stable mood.
How do psychologists treat bipolar disorder?
Psychotherapy, or "talk" therapy, is an important part of treatment for bipolar disorder. During therapy, you can discuss feelings, thoughts, and behaviors that cause you problems. Talk therapy can help you understand and hopefully master any problems that hurt your ability to function well in your life and career.
How does the cognitive approach explain bipolar disorder?
Beck's original cognitive model (1967) suggests that depressed mood states are accentuated by patterns of thinking that amplify mood shifts. For example, as people become depressed they become more negative in how they see themselves, their world and their future (called the negative cognitive triad).
What is the biological theory for mood disorders?
People with mood disorders often have imbalances in certain neurotransmitters, particularly norepinephrine and serotonin (Thase, 2009). These neurotransmitters are important regulators of the bodily functions that are disrupted in mood disorders, including appetite, sex drive, sleep, arousal, and mood.
What is social Zeitgeber theory?
The Social Zeitgeber Theory (Ehlers, Frank, & Kupfer, 1988) suggests that life events disturb social zeitgebers (“time givers”), which, in turn, disturb biological rhythms, resulting in affective symptomatology in vulnerable individuals.
Is psychodynamic therapy good for bipolar?
Conclusions: This pilot study indicates that psychodynamic group psychotherapy is feasible as a component of treatment for bipolar disorder diagnoses. The results suggest benefits on depressive, but not manic symptoms.
Is CBT effective for bipolar disorder?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in patients with bipolar disorder in decreasing the relapse rate and improving symptoms of depression and mania severity, as well as psychosocial functioning, according to a study published in PLOS One.
What psychotherapy is best for mood disorders?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the most widely researched form of therapy for mood disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder. With CBT, children, adolescents and young adults learn about the connections among their thoughts, feelings and behaviors.
What are psychological theories?
A psychological theory is a fact-based idea that describes a phenomenon of human behavior. A theory is based on a hypothesis, which is backed by evidence. A psychological theory has two key components: It must describe a behavior. It must make predictions about future behaviors.
What is cognitive theory in psychology?
Cognitive theories are characterized by their focus on the idea that how and what people think leads to the arousal of emotions and that certain thoughts and beliefs lead to disturbed emotions and behaviors and others lead to healthy emotions and adaptive behavior.
Psychological Theories of and Therapies for Bipolar Disorder
Please review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.
Summary
Compared to psychological approaches to unipolar depression and anxiety disorders, the development of psychological models of, and corresponding treatments for, bipolar disorders has a relatively brief history.
Abstract
Research has emerged providing consistent support for the behavioral approach system (BAS) dysregulation theory of bipolar disorder. The objective of the current article is to examine the extent to which findings from the BAS dysregulation theory can inform psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder.
Behavioral Approach System Dysregulation Theory
Researchers suggest that two psychobiological systems are critical in regulating behavior ( Gray, 1981 ).
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Bipolar Disorder
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) emerged from highly successful cognitive models of unipolar depression.
CBT for Bipolar Disorder: Perspective from the BAS Dysregulation Theory
CBT was developed from cognitive models of unipolar depression and was subsequently applied to bipolar disorder.
Psychoeducational Interventions
A second prominent psychosocial intervention for bipolar disorder is psychoeducation. Models of psychoeducation for bipolar disorder have been informed by the literature on psychoeducational treatments for schizophrenia ( Miklowitz & Goldstein, 1997 ).
Psychoeducation for Bipolar Disorder: Perspective from the BAS Dysregulation Theory
Although psychoeducation interventions for bipolar disorder typically address a number of topics, including information about symptoms, medication adherence, and etiology, one important objective is to help clients and their family members identify triggers of bipolar episodes ( Morris, Miklowitz, & Waxmonsky, 2007 ).
Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT)
The Social Rhythm or Zeitgeber Theory ( Ehlers, Frank, & Kupfer, 1988; Ehlers, Kupfer, Frank, & Monk, 1993) postulates that life events that disrupt daily rhythms or schedules will be especially likely to precipitate bipolar symptoms and episodes.
What is cognitive therapy for bipolar?
An optimal course of cognitive therapy begins with a cognitive formulation of the individual’s unique problems related to bipolar disorder, particularly emphasizing the role of core maladaptive beliefs (such as excessive perfectionism, unrealistic expectations for social approval) that underpin and dictate the content of dysfunctional automatic thoughts and drive patterns of behaviour. This formulation dictates which interventions are employed with a particular individual used and at what stage of therapy that approach is used. Although each individual will define a specific set of problems, Scott (2000), Basco and Rush (1996), Lam et al. (1999) and Newman et al. (2001) have identified several common themes that arise in cognitive therapy for patients with bipolar disorder. These are summarised in Table 1.
Who discovered that bipolar disorder is a result of social conformism?
Neale (1988) later proposed that unstable self-esteem coupled with unrealistic standards for success may be predisposing factors for bipolar disorder. Pardoen, Bauwens, Tracy, Martin and Mendlewicz’s (1993) study of self-esteem confirmed the presence of social conformism in subjects with bipolar disorder.
Which disorder has higher levels of dysfunctional attitudes and negative automatic thoughts?
A finding confirmed by Hollon, Kendall and Lumry (1986) who reported that, compared to healthy control subjects, individuals with either unipolar or bipolar depression showed higher levels of dysfunctional attitudes and negative automatic thoughts.
What are the two sub-groups of cognitive models of bipolar disorder?
This section reviews studies of cognitive models of bipolar disorder. It is organized into two sub-groups: those exploring cognitive style and those exploring dysfunctional beliefs and the role of “matching” life events in symptom exacerbation in clinical and non-clinical samples.
What is hyper positive thinking?
Hyper-positive thinking (stream of consciousness) was typified by cognitive distortions, as in depression, but in the opposite direction.
What is the mirror image of depression?
Beck’s original description suggested that mania was a mirror image of depression and was characterised by a positive cognitive triad of self, world, and future, and positive cognitive distortions. The self was seen as extremely loveable and powerful with unlimited potential and attractiveness.
How to help a person cope with relapse?
teach strategies to cope with the symptoms of depression, hypomania, and any cognitive and behavioural problems. teach early recognition of relapse symptoms and develop effective coping techniques.
Psychological Theories of and Therapies for Bipolar Disorder
Please review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.
Summary
Compared to psychological approaches to unipolar depression and anxiety disorders, the development of psychological models of, and corresponding treatments for, bipolar disorders has a relatively brief history.
What is the first line of treatment for bipolar disorder?
Individuals with this disease may also benefit from psychosocial treatment, experts say. “The first line of intervention for bipolar disorder is medication ,” says Simon Rego, PsyD, chief psychologist at Montefiore Medical Center and associate professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City.
What is family based therapy?
Family-Focused Therapy. This can also be beneficial for those with bipolar disorder, according to the American Psychological Association. 3 Family members are taught to recognize the warning signs of either a manic or a depressive episode, Dr. Roane says, and both family members and patients are taught better communication skills.
What is IPSRT therapy?
IPSRT, an adjunctive therapy for individuals with mood disorders, outlines techniques to improve medication adherence, manage stressful life events, and reduce disruptions in social rhythms. With this form of therapy, patients learn skills that can help them protect themselves against the development of future episodes.
Why is family focused therapy important?
Family-focused therapy is important because it can often help a patient get back on track with their family. “A lot of times, a patient will recover from a manic episode and tend to minimize or not remember how bad they were,” Dr. Ferrando says, “The family may have been traumatized by what happened.
What are the strategies used in CBT?
Strategies that are used in CBT include role-playing to get ready for interactions that could be problematic, facing fears directly rather than practicing avoidance, and learning techniques to calm and relax the mind and body .
Do you have to remember to take antipsychotics every day?
Long-lasting injectable antipsychotic medications now are available that have some potential advantages for those who take them: early identification of non-adherence to medication, no need to remember to take medication every day, and reduced relapse frequency and rehospitalization rates.
Can bipolar disorder cause mania?
Individuals with bipolar disorder may not sleep well, and lack of sleep may trigger mania, he says. “Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy is a type of behavioral therapy used to treat the disruption in social circadian rhythms,” Dr. Ferrando explains.
Heritability
Bipolar disorder appears to run in families. The rate of suicide is higher in people who have bipolar disorder than in the general population. In fact, people with bipolar disorder are about twice as likely to commit suicide as those suffering from major depression (12% to 6%).
Recent genetic research
Bipolar disorder is considered to be a result of complex interactions between genes and environment. The monozygotic concordance rate for the disorder is 70%. This means that if a person has the disorder, an identical twin has a 70% likelihood of having the disorder as well. Dizygotic twins have a 23% concordance rate.
Medical imaging
Researchers are using advanced brain imaging techniques to examine brain function and structure in people with bipolar disorder, particularly using the functional MRI and positron emission topography.
Personality types
An evolving literature exists concerning the nature of personality and temperament in bipolar disorder patients, compared to major depressive disorder (unipolar) patients and non-sufferers. Such differences may be diagnostically relevant.
Introduction
- This paper will explore the evolution of cognitive theory and therapy for individuals with bipolar disorder. Unlike most of the other papers in this issue, there is a relatively smaller body of research data available on these topics. Until recently, bipolar disorders were widely regarded as a biological disorder best treated with medications (Prien & Potter, 1990; Scott, 1995a; Scott & Col…
Cognitive Models of Bipolar Disorder
- Early Descriptions
Beck’s original cognitive model (1967) suggests that depressed mood states are accentuated by patterns of thinking that amplify mood shifts. For example, as people become depressed they become more negative in how they see themselves, their world and their future (called the negat… - Empirical Evidence
This section reviews studies of cognitive models of bipolar disorder. It is organized into two sub-groups: those exploring cognitive style and those exploring dysfunctional beliefs and the role of “matching” life events in symptom exacerbation in clinical and non-clinical samples.
Cognitive Therapies of Bipolar Disorders
- Brief Overview of Cognitive Therapy
An optimal course of cognitive therapy begins with a cognitive formulation of the individual’s unique problems related to bipolar disorder, particularly emphasizing the role of core maladaptive beliefs (such as excessive perfectionism, unrealistic expectations for social approval) that unde… - Does Cognitive Therapy Improve Outcome?
Despite the lack of a coherent cognitive stress-vulnerability theory of bipolar disorder, encouraging anecdotal and single case reports on the use of cognitive therapy in clients with bipolar disorder have been published over the last twenty years (Chor, Mercier, & Halper, 1980; …
Conclusions
- The empirical data reviewed indicate that research into cognitive theory and therapy for bipolar disorder is still evolving. There is no robust evidence that underlying schemata play a unique causal role in first onset of mania, nor are there consistent differences in the underlying beliefs of those at risk of bipolar disorder as compared with unipolar disorder (Power, 2005). However, the…