Medication
Perforating Folliculitis Treatment & Management 1 Medical Care. Since some cases of perforating folliculitis are associated with systemic disorders... 2 Surgical Care. Surgical intervention is not required for perforating folliculitis lesions. 3 Consultations. Practitioners may wish to consult a dermatologist when uncertainty regarding...
Procedures
Background. Perforating folliculitis may present as an isolated finding, apparently unrelated to other disease states, but also can be associated with chronic renal failure and diabetes mellitus. Perforating folliculitis is closely related, if not identical, to the acquired perforating dermatosis that occurs with chronic renal disease.
Self-care
In most cases, a quick exam by your provider will tell you if you need treatment for folliculitis or if it will go away on its own. Severe cases of folliculitis do need to be treated and may require an oral medication or small procedure. If you experience any of the following, call your healthcare provider right away:
Nutrition
In a case report of perforating folliculitis in a patient with diabetes mellitus and phrynoderma, the skin lesions resolved with correction of the vitamin A deficiency. Soothing antipruritic lotions may be helpful for patients in whom itching is a significant problem.
What are the treatment options for perforating folliculitis?
Is perforating folliculitis associated with renal failure?
How do I know if I need treatment for folliculitis?
How is folliculitis treated in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM)?
What causes perforating folliculitis?
Perforating folliculitis is associated with renal failure and diabetes mellitus. It has also been reported in the setting of HIV infection, in two dialysis patients with markedly elevated serum silicon levels, in a patient with antisynthetase syndrome, and in a case of cystic fibrosis.
How do you treat perforating Collagenosis?
The main aim of treatment for reactive perforating collagenosis is to reduce itch and minimise skin trauma:Topical — emollients, topical steroids, topical retinoids.Systemic — antihistamines, oral retinoids, allopurinol.Other — phototherapy.
What causes perforating dermatosis?
Acquired perforating dermatosis is a chronic disease, usually associated with diabetes mellitus or renal failure or both. In patients receiving dialysis, acquired perforating dermatosis occurs in about 10% of patients. It is also rarely associated with liver disease, malignant disease, hypothyroidism and HIV.
What is perforated skin?
Abstract. Background: Perforating disorders of the skin, is an often overlooked entity characterized by transepidermal elimination of material from the upper dermis and are classified histopathologically according to the type of epidermal disruption and the nature of the eliminated material.
What does perforating collagenosis look like?
Skin lesions of reactive perforating collagenosis Flesh-colored, umbilicated, dome-shaped papules or nodules as large as 10 mm in diameter are typical. They have an adherent, keratinous plug.
What is Collagenosis?
A connective tissue disease (collagenosis) is any disease that has the connective tissues of the body as a target of pathology. Connective tissue is any type of biological tissue with an extensive extracellular matrix that supports, binds together, and protects organs.
What is a perforating disorder?
Perforating disorders are characterized by transepidermal elimination of altered keratin or dermal connective tissue material. These disorders include perforating folliculitis (as shown below), Kyrle disease, elastosis perforans serpiginosa, reactive perforating collagenosis, and acquired perforating dermatosis.
What is Kyrle's disease?
Kyrle's disease (KD) is an acquired perforating dermatosis associated with an underlying disorder such as diabetes mellitus or chronic renal failure. It presents as multiple discrete, eruptive papules with a central crust or plug, often on the lower extremities.
What is Elastosis Perforans Serpiginosa?
Elastosis perforans serpiginosa is a rare skin disease characterized by transepidermal elimination of abnormal elastic fibers. This condition classically presents as small papules arranged in serpiginous or annular patterns on the neck, face, arms, or other flexural areas.
What is transepidermal elimination?
The concept of transepidermal elimination was described by Mehregan1 as a mechanism by which the skin may rid itself of a foreign material. In the primary perforating disorders of the skin, the "foreign" material that is spontaneously extruded through the epidermis represents altered dermal substances.
What is the best treatment for folliculitis?
Over-the-counter topical antimicrobial washes and medications are often the first-line medical treatment for folliculitis, whether it’s treated at home or under the care of a healthcare provider. A daily regimen of benzoyl peroxide washes are usually enough to effectively treat folliculitis or prevent its recurrence.
What causes folliculitis?
It is usually caused by a bacterial infection, viruses, fungus, and even parasites, such as worms or mites. Types of folliculitis include: Bacterial folliculitis. Over 80% of folliculitis cases are caused by bacteria, usually Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria that lives on everybody’s skin.
How to prevent foliculitis from spreading?
To prevent the infection from spreading, avoid scratching or shaving the area, clean the affected area regularly, and use topical antiseptics like benzoyl peroxide.
What antibiotics are used for bacterial folliculitis?
If the condition does not respond to topical antibiotics, oral antibiotics such as cephalexin, ampicillin, or ciprofloxacin will be used depending on the type of bacteria causing the infection.
How long does folliculitis last?
Diabetes, the use of makeup, waxing, and a compromised immune system are also risk factors. If folliculitis spreads, grows worse, or persists for more than two weeks, it’s time to see a healthcare provider. Frequently, all that’s required is a history and a physical examination to diagnose folliculitis.
How long does it take for folliculitis to go away?
Most cases of folliculitis go undiagnosed. The condition is benign, often mistaken for acne, and usually resolves in a few days to a couple of weeks. People who shave frequently, wear tight clothes, carry excess weight, or use hot tubs or pools are more vulnerable to the condition.
What is the swelling of the hair follicles?
Folliculitis is a swelling of the hair follicles, the tiny pouches in the skin from which hair grows. There are many causes of folliculitis including infection, irritation, blockage, or injury. Any place on the body that has hair is vulnerable to folliculitis, which means everywhere except the palms and the soles.
What is a folliculitis?
Everything you need to know about folliculitis. Folliculitis is a relatively common skin disorder caused by inflammation and infection in the hair follicles. Types of folliculitis include razor bumps, hot tub rash, and barber’s itch. A follicle is a small skin cavity from which hair grows.
What is the best treatment for deep folliculitis?
According to some research, light therapy, or photodynamic therapy, can help improve symptoms of deep folliculitis. Light therapy is sometimes used to treat acne, and uses both light and a chemical substance to kill bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
What is the most common form of folliculitis?
Superficial folliculitis. Superficial forms include: Bacterial folliculitis. A common type of folliculitis characterized by pus-filled pimples that itch. This type is usually caused by a staph infection, which normally lives on the skin but enters deeper tissues through a wound or other damage to the skin.
What causes a boil in a follicle?
Boils. Staph bacteria which deeply infect the follicle and lead to boils (furuncles) that are swollen and filled with pus. They continue to grow larger and become very painful until they rupture and drain. Clusters of boils (known as carbuncles) cause more severe symptoms than single boils.
How long does it take for pityrosporum folliculitis to resolve?
Minor symptoms can resolve without treatment within 5 days. Pityrosporum folliculitis. A yeast infection of the skin which leads to chronic lesions that are red and itchy. It most commonly affects the face and upper body and is particularly prevalent in young adults and adult men.
What is the disorder of hair follicles?
Folliculitis is a relatively common skin disorder caused by inflammation and infection in the hair follicles. Types of folliculitis include razor bumps, hot tub rash, and barber’s itch. A follicle is a small skin cavity from which hair grows. Every single hair on the human body grows from its own follicle. While folliculitis may appear on any area ...
How to diagnose folliculitis?
Doctors tend to diagnose folliculitis based on a physical examination. The doctor may examine the skin, take note of symptoms, and review the person’s medical and family history. They may take a swab of the infected skin to test for which bacteria or fungus has caused the folliculitis.
When is perforating folliculitis more common?
Perforating folliculitis is more common in the second through fourth decades of life. Previous. Next: Pathophysiology. Prognosis. Perforating folliculitis morbidity is associated with the cosmetic appearance of lesions and the pruritus that occasionally accompanies them.
What is a perforating disorder?
Perforating disorders are characterized by transepidermal elimination of altered keratin or dermal connective tissue material. These disorders include perforating folliculitis (as shown below), Kyrle disease, elastosis perforans serpiginosa, reactive perforating collagenosis, and acquired perforating dermatosis. Cases of overlap are described, and diagnostic criteria are not well-defined for all the entities. [ 1] Clinically, the lesions are hyperkeratotic to verrucous papules and nodules.
What is the role of curled hairs in the follicular canal?
Mehregan first proposed that curled hairs within follicular canals may act as springs, penetrating the lateral follicular wall, thereby initiating the process of transepidermal elimination. [ 4] .
Is perforating dermatosis related to Kyrle disease?
Perforating folliculitis is closely related, if not identical, to the acquired perforating dermatosis that occurs with chronic renal disease. Kyrle disease (hyperkeratosis follicularis et parafollicularis in cutem penetrans) may simply represent an exaggerated form of perforating folliculitis.
What is perforating dermatosis?
Perforating dermatoses are a heterogeneous skin disease group defined by transepidermal elimination of various skin materials. Four classical forms of primary perforating dermatosis have been described, where the transepidermal elimination mechanism represents the hallmark of the disease: acquired reactive perforating collagenosis, elastosis perforans serpiginosa, Kyrle’s disease and perforating folliculitis. Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis presents with transepidermal elimination of collagen fibers. Elastosis perforans serpiginosum presents with the elimination of elastic fibers. Kyrle’s disease presents with transepidermal elimination of abnormal keratin. In perforating folliculitis, it is the content of the follicle. We established diagnostic criteria and severity classification. In addition, the Japanese guideline for treatment of perforating dermatoses was updated using the Medical Information Network Distribution Service (MINDS) methodology. The guideline is based on a systematic published work review completed from 1989 to 2019, and on a formal consensus and approval process. Most medical published work on the treatment is limited to individual case reports and small series of patients. The guideline covers treatment options considered relevant by the expert panel and approved in Japan at the time of the consensus conference.
When was the Japanese guideline for perforating dermatoses updated?
The guideline is based on a systematic published work review completed from 1989 to 2019 , and on a formal consensus and approval process.
What is elastosis perforans serpiginosa?
2 ). The rash has a serpentine appearance with keratinized papules arranged arcuately or annularly to form plaques. It frequently occurs in the neck, trunk and extremities. Histopathologically, transepidermal elimination of degenerated elastic fibers can be seen. Generally, it is classified into three types: (i) reactivity type associated with diseases with abnormal connective tissue; (ii) drug‐induced type induced by d ‐penicillamine; and (iii) idiopathic type with presumed genetic background. Treatments include active vitamin D 3 external use, cryotherapy and laser irradiation, but they are intractable.
What is a clinical practice guideline?
Guidelines are “systematic documents designed to assist clinicians and patients in making appropriate decisions in specific clinical situations”. The clinical practice guide is based on the Medical Information Network Distribution Service (MINDS) clinical practice guideline. Its purpose is to present recommendations of evidence‐based medicine on medical actions of high clinical importance, that we consider to be optimal for supporting decisions of the patient and the medical staff, while considering the balance between benefits and harms. Each item was created in the clinical question (CQ) format, with the aim of creating highly practical guidelines that general clinicians immediately understand and practice in the field, and disseminate thereafter.
Is there a conflict of interest in perforating dermatosis?
Regarding perforating dermatosis, the editorial board is not supported by any specific organization/company or pharmaceutical company. In addition, the members involved in the clinical practice guide and the members involved in the verification have no relationship with any organization that may cause conflicts of interest. In other words, there is no conflict of interest to clarify.
Overview
Folliculitis is a common skin condition that’s often caused by an infected or inflamed hair follicle. It can look similar to acne and be uncomfortable or itchy. Folliculitis often has a psychosocial impact because of its appearance.
Symptoms and Causes
In most cases, the main symptom of folliculitis is red bumps that look like pimples on your skin. These could also look like they’re white-filled bumps or they could be filled with pus (pustules). Folliculitis can feel itchy and uncomfortable. Many people feel the need to scratch when they have folliculitis.
Diagnosis and Tests
Folliculitis is usually diagnosed during a physical exam with your healthcare provider. This can be done during an appointment and in most cases, you do not need to see a skincare specialist. Your primary care physician is usually able to diagnose folliculitis and provide a treatment plan.
Management and Treatment
Treatment options for folliculitis depend on the type of folliculitis you have and it’s severity. Certain types may need more aggressive types of care, while others may go away with little to no treatment. If your folliculitis is mild, it can sometimes be treated at home. There are several ways you can care for your irritated skin, including:
Prevention
In many cases, you can work to prevent folliculitis or manage it by changing your lifestyle habits. Folliculitis infections usually involve bacteria and yeast entering your hair follicles. By changing some parts of your normal self-care routine, you can limit the amount of infectious material in your hair follicles.
Living With
Even though many cases of folliculitis can be cared for at home and go away after a short period of time, do not hesitate to call your healthcare provider if you are concerned. In most cases, a quick exam by your provider will tell you if you need treatment for folliculitis or if it will go away on its own.
What is a perforated folliculitis?
Perforating folliculitis presents with multiple follicular papules on the extremities and buttocks. Numerous disease associations have been described. It is well described to cause an itchy eruption in chronic renal failure patients on dialysis.
Can collagen be perforated in EPS?
Perforation of collagen as well as elastic fibres should not be seen in EPS. Reactive perforating collagenosis – There may be some pathogenic overlap with this entity. Both entities share similar clinical features in chronic renal failure patients.
Is EPS abnormal in folliculitis?
Elastic fibres are not increased in perforating folliculitis but are increased and abnormal in EPS. Perforation of collagen as well as elastic fibres should not be seen in EPS
How to take care of folliculitis?
You can usually take care of mild cases of folliculitis at home. The most important thing is to stop doing anything that may have caused it in the first place. For example, if you shave your head frequently, try taking a few weeks off. If your folliculitis clears up, you may want to change your shaving technique.
What is folliculitis skin?
What is folliculitis? Folliculitis is a common inflammatory skin condition that affects your hair follicles. These are the openings in your skin that hold the roots of your hair. It’s usually caused by a fungal or bacterial infection that occurs when you damage your hair follicles.
What are the symptoms of folliculitis on the scalp?
What are the symptoms of scalp folliculitis? Folliculitis initially causes small, red bumps that look similar to an acne breakout. Over time, it may spread to other follicles and the bumps may get larger and more inflamed. While it can affect any part of your scalp, it often begins along your hairline.
How to stop hair follicles from clogging?
Wash your scalp regularly to avoid a buildup of hair products and oils that can clog or irritate your hair follicles. If you shave your head with a hand razor, consider switching to an electric razor and using a soothing lotion after each shave.
How to tell if you have folliculitis on your scalp?
Other signs and symptoms of scalp folliculitis include: clusters of tiny, red bumps on your scalp that may have a white tip. sores with yellowish-brown scabs. sores that drain pus. itching. burning or stinging sensation. pain or tenderness.
How to get rid of a swollen scalp?
Lukewarm water. Avoid washing your hair or scalp with hot water, which can further irritate your scalp. Stick to lukewarm water instead. Washing. Wash any items, such as hats, bedding, or combs, that have come into contact with the affected part of your scalp.
What can damage hair follicles?
Many things can damage the hair follicles on your scalp, such as: frequently scratching or rubbing your head. tugging on or twisting your hair. wearing hairstyles that pull your hair, such as tight ponytails or braids. frequently wearing hats. shaving your head. wearing sports helmets.