What is thallobacteria in plants?
What mass of bacterial tissue, C5H7O2N, is produced in a treatment plant for every 2.32 104 kg; Question: Bacterial digestion is an economical method of sewage treatment. The reaction 5 CO2(g) + 55 NH4+(aq) + 76 O2 (g) → C5H7O2N(s) + 54 NO2−(aq) + 52 H2O(l) + 109 H +(aq) is an intermediate step in the conversion of the nitrogen in organic compounds to nitrate ions.
What is the genetic material of bacteria made of?
Oct 06, 2020 ·
What is the shape of phytopathogenic bacteria?
How do bacteria colonize a host plant?
Bacterial digestion is an economical method of sewage treatment. The reaction. is an intermediate step in the conversion of the nitrogen in organic compounds into nitrate ions. What mass of bacterial tissue is produced in a treatment plant for every 1.0 × 10 4 kg of wastewater containing 3.0% NH 4 + ions by mass? Assume that 95% of the ammonium ions are consumed …
What are the symptoms of bacterial infection in plants?
They include leaf spots, blights, wilts, scabs, cankers and soft rots of roots, storage organs and fruit, and overgrowth. Bacterial spots: the most common symptom of bacterial disease is leaf spots.
What is a rod shaped bacillus?
Most phytopathogenic bacteria are rod shaped bacillus the only exception being Streptomyces(family Actinomycetes) which is a filamentous . (thread-like, filiform) bacteria. Also, most of these bacteria have flagella which are whip- like structures projecting from a bacterium that functions as an organ of locomotion.
How fast do bacteria reproduce?
Bacteria can reproduce at a very rapid rate; some species can divide every 20 minutes under ideal conditions.
Can bacteria survive in water?
Some bacteria can survive on inanimate objects, in water or inside insects. It is important to know the survival characteristics of bacteria for effective management strategy and intervention in dissemination. Some species have the ability to move short distances in water on their own power by use of their flagella.
What is the flagella of a bacterium?
Also, most of these bacteria have flagella which are whip- like structures projecting from a bacterium that functions as an organ of locomotion. Some species of bacteria have only one flagellum (monotrichous)or a tuft of two or more flagella at one end of the cell. These are called polarflagella.
How is nitrogen supplied to plants?
The primary way nitrogen is supplied to plants is through the mineralization of organic material in the soil. However, nitrogen fixation by bacteria such as Rhizobium spp. and Cyanobacteria spp. is almost as important as mineralization, and is a primary source of nitrogen.
What causes potato scabs?
Streptomyces, causing common potato scab. Diagnostics Symptoms of Bacterial Infections. Symptoms of bacterial infection in plants are much like the symptoms in fungal plant disease. They include leaf spots, blights, wilts, scabs, cankers and soft rots of roots, storage organs and fruit, and overgrowth.
What is the first step in the production of a microbial insecticide?
The first step in production of a microbial insecticide will be the production of sufficient cells to meet the needs of the end user for an economical reduction in pest numbers. A number of methods have been used for the production of sufficient bacteria for use on a wide scale and will be described below.
What was the first bacterium to be registered in the United States?
Paenibacillus ( Bacillus) popilliae was the first bacterium to be registered in the United States and was used on a large scale for control of the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica; Klein, 1992 ). The bacterium, cause of milky disease in larvae of P. japonica, was produced in vivo.
What is the most widely used form of biopesticide?
Bacterial products are the most widely used form of biopesticides with their use dominated by Bacillus thuringiensis for agricultural pest and public health pest control. Most bacterial biopesticides are produced by large-scale liquid fermentation, although in vivo production and solid substrate fermentation have been used for particular niche ...
What happens after fermentation?
Once fermentation has been completed, bacteria are concentrated and formulated into products, which must have stability in storage and be amenable to broad-scale application. Quality control is needed throughout the production process to ensure a consistent end product.
What temperature does L. sphaericus grow?
Lacey (1984) summarized the knowledge on the growth requirements of L. sphaericus and commented that the bacterium will grow between 25°C and 40°C, but sporulation and toxin production will be inhibited at higher temperatures. Media is differentiated from that for the production of Bt, as L. sphaericus cannot use carbohydrates as carbon sources ( Beegle et al., 1991 ), and carbon is best provided from partially hydrolyzed proteins. Lacey, 1984, Lacey, 1990 and El-Bendary (2006) reported on various substrates for L. sphaericus production, ranging from animal proteins to plant meal and waste products. Prabakaran et al. (2007) produced L. sphaericus to a high cell density (3.7 × 10 9/mL) in a 100-L fermenter using a medium incorporating soybean flower and peanut cake as carbon sources. Using a fed batch strategy and a corn-steep-based medium, Sasaki et al. (1998) achieved a cell dry weight of 13.0 g/L and a spore yield of 1.64 × 10 9 /mL after 56 h of culture. Continuous flow fermentation has also been used for the production of large quantities of L. sphaericus ( Lacey, 1984 ). As with Bt, L. sphaericus fermentation is terminated with full sporulation and crystal toxin formation.
How are granules formed?
Granules can be formed by coating the active ingredient onto an absorbent carrier such as clays and silicas or vegetable materials such as ground corn cobs or coconut shells ( Knowles, 2008 ). For applications to soil, bacteria can be coated onto seed as a granule core ( Wright et al., 2005 ).
What is the active ingredient in biopesticides?
Most biopesticide EC formulations have the microbial active ingredient suspended in an oil-based solvent which, when mixed with water and an appropriate emulsifying agent, forms a milky emulsion. Microbial cells are held in oil droplets, the dispersed phase, which are suspended in water, the continuous phase.
Environmental Science
Which of the following is/are a point source of pollution? (can be multiple) A. Sewage treatment plant B. a harbor C. storm runoff D. suburban community E. farm runoff would Sewage treatment plant be the only direct source?
Biology
Which of the following are examples of asexual reproduction? Select all that apply. - a male and female organism producing offspring together - a bacterial cell dividing - a bacterial cell sharing a plasmid with a different
Science: Chemistry
Pentane (C5H12) burns in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. C5H12 (g)+8O2 (g)→5CO2 (g)+6H2O (g) Calculate the mass of CO2 that can be produced if the reaction of 38.5 g of pentane and sufficient oxygen has a 58.0 % yield.
Science
Which of the following is an example of a nonpoint source of freshwater pollution A. Pesticide runoff from farm fields B. Leaking toxic waste landfill C. Sewage treatment plant D. Factory waste piped into a stream*
Chemistry
Bacterial digestion is an economical method of sewage treatment. 5CO2 (g) + 55NH4+ (aq) + 76O2 (g) -> C5H7O2N (s) + 54NO2- (aq) + 52H2O (l) + 109H+ (aq) bacterial tissue The above reaction is an intermediate step in the conversion of the
PSYCHOLOGY
provide a situation when scientific method, case study method, survey method, Naturalistic observation method, Correlation method, and Experimental method could be applied
PE
What is the primary function of the small intestines? A. uses mechanical digestion to break down food particles B. uses chemical digestion and absorbs nutrients the body needs C. carries food and nutrients throughout the body