what is treatment for urethral calculi

What are the treatment options for ureteric calculi?

The calculi were located in the posterior urethra in 7 patients and in the anterior urethra in 7. Anatomical alteration of the lower urinary tract was an important predisposing factor, since 11 patients had history of bladder and urethral surgery or disease, 2 had an associated neurogenic bladder, 6 had urethral strictures or diverticula and 3 ...

Where are urethral calculi located?

Objective: To determine the occurrence, symptoms, treatment and outcome in patients with urethral stones. Patients and methods: Fifty-one consecutive patients with urethral calculi were assessed prospectively; all were male and one was an infant. Results: Acute retention of urine occurred in 78% of patients, urethral anatomical pathology in 6% and posterior urethral calculi …

What is the treatment for ureteral stones?

Watchful Waiting for the Treatment of Ureter Stones. The most conservative treatment option for a ureter stone is watchful waiting, in which no medical treatment to remove the stone is provided for four to six weeks. Rather, the doctor monitors the stone with periodic x-rays or ultrasounds to ensure that it is not growing or transforming. This approach can be effective if the stone size is …

What are the treatment options for urethral cancer?

Treatment for bladder stones includes: Cystolitholapaxy : During a cystolitholapaxy , providers use a scope to visualize the stones in the bladder and then break bladder stones into tiny pieces using lasers or ultrasound (high-frequency sound waves).

How is urethral calculus treated?

How is calculus removed from the ureter?

Which medicine is best for ureter stone?

How do they remove stone from urethra without surgery?

What are the symptoms of a stone in the urethra?

What is urethral calculus?

Can ureter stone be dissolved?

How pass ureter stone fast?

What drug dilates urethra?

Which is better ureteroscopy and lithotripsy?

What is the easiest way to remove stones?

How do you flush a kidney stone from the urethra?

How to remove a ureter stone?

Open surgery requires a surgical incision in the lower abdomen to access the ureter. During this procedure, the ureter is cut open to directly remove the stone.

Can you remove a ureter stone with open surgery?

If less invasive efforts to remove the ureter stone are unsuccessful, open surgery may be needed. Open surgery requires a surgical incision in the lower abdomen to access the ureter. During this procedure, the ureter is cut open to directly remove the stone.

What is a ureter stone?

Ureter stones are kidney stones that have been passed to the ureter (a tube that transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder). When certain materials commonly found in the urine (e.g., calcium, uric acid, etc.) become concentrated, crystals form and over time they develop into hard stones that, when lodged in the ureter, ...

What happens if a ureter stone blocks urine flow?

If signs of an infection develop (e.g., fever, chills, nausea or vomiting), the pain becomes unbearable for the patient or if the ureter stone blocks the flow of urine from the kidneys, watchful waiting may need to be abandoned in favor of more invasive procedures.

Can a broken ureter stone be passed through the bladder?

Once the ureter stone is broken down, the pieces may be more capable of passing through the ureter, bladder and urethra spontaneously. ESWL may cause discomfort for the patient and is often performed with the aid of general or local anesthesia.

How big is a stone in the ureter?

However, the location of the stone in the ureter and the size of the stone will impact the success of this procedure. Stones that are larger than 10 mm in diameter and located in the upper region of the ureter have a lower pass rate than those located in the lower ureter with a diameter under 10 mm. Successful stone passage is also dependent on the ...

Can a stone move through the ureter?

Additionally, the longer stones have been in the ureter, the less likely they are to pass. Stones that have been in the body for long periods of time can become impacted and surrounded by mucosal edema, making it more difficult for them to move through spontaneously, even if they are broken into smaller pieces.

What is ureteric calculi?

Ureterolithiasis, also known as ureteric calculi, is the presence or formation of stones within the ureters, which are the tubes responsible for the passage of urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Most of these stones, approximately 80%, are found to be composed predominantly of calcium.

What are the factors that determine the treatment of ureteric calculi?

Treatment approaches. Several factors, such as stone composition, size, and associated symptoms are taken into account when determining what treatment approaches to take for the management of ureteric calculi. Some stones require only observation and analgesics with the anticipation that they will pass spontaneously.

What is the name of the condition where stones are formed in the ureter?

Ureterolithiasis, also known as ureteric calculi, is the presence or formation of stones within the ureters, which are the tubes responsible for the passage of urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

What are the symptoms of ureterolithiasis?

Ureterolithiasis may cause a patient to experience colicky pain that is abrupt in onset and accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and hematuria, or blood in the urine. Depending on where within the ureters the stones are impacted, the pain may radiate to the back, flank, and/or lower abdomen.

What imaging is used to diagnose ureteric calculi?

A number of imaging modalities, together with urinalysis and blood tests, may be employed to aid in the diagnosis of ureteric calculi. Most notably, ultrasonography, kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB) radiographs, and computed tomography (CT) scans may be used.

What pH is used to dissolve uric acid stones?

Ureteric calculi that are composed of uric acid or cysteine may be managed with drug therapy to bring about their dissolution. Alkalization of the urine at a pH between 6.5 – 7.0 may be achieved with agents like potassium citrate to encourage the dissolution of uric acid stones.

What are the surgical options for a stone that is too large to pass?

Surgical options include stenting, ureteroscopy, and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL).

What is the procedure to make bladder stones bigger?

Several conditions and factors increase the risk of bladder stones, including: Augmentation cystoplasty: During an augmentation cystoplasty (bladder augmentation) procedure, providers use tissue from the bowel to make the bladder larger and improve the way it works.

Can bladder stones be removed on their own?

Bladder stones are hardened clumps of minerals that form in the bladder. They may pass on their own , or you may need a procedure to remove them. Untreated, bladder stones can lead to urinary tract infections and trouble urinating.

What is the term for stones in the bladder?

The medical term for bladder stones is bladder calculi. Bladder stones generally develop when some urine stays in the bladder after you pee. Without treatment, stones can cause infections, bleeding and long-term problems in ...

How do bladder stones form?

Bladder stones form when minerals in urine (pee) crystalize and clump together in the bladder. The medical term for bladder stones is bladder calculi. Bladder stones generally develop when some urine stays in the bladder after you pee. Without treatment, stones can cause infections, bleeding and long-term problems in the urinary tract.

What is the medical term for bladder stones?

The medical term for bladder stones is bladder calculi. Bladder stones generally develop when some urine stays in the bladder after you pee. Without treatment, stones can cause infections, bleeding and long-term problems in the urinary tract. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center.

Can bladder stones cause bleeding?

Bladder stones generally develop when some urine stays in the bladder after you pee. Without treatment, stones can cause infections, bleeding and long-term problems in the urinary tract. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission.

Can a spinal cord injury cause bladder stones?

People who have nerve damage such as a spinal cord injury affecting the bladder are more likely to get bladder stones. Also, individuals who have had specific types of surgery on their bladder (such as enlargement of the bladder with intestine) are also at risk of bladder stones.

How successful is a urethral dilation?

The success rate of both urethrotomy and urethral dilation ranges from 10 to 90 percent, depending upon the length of the stricture. Repeated treatments may also have lower success rates, possibly due to additional scarring inside the urethra from the procedure. Permanent stents have been successful in up to 84 percent of patients.

Can you use balloons to dilate the urethra?

Newer techniques may use an inflatable balloon to widen the urethra. Urethral dilation works best for people who have scarring only on the inner surface of the urethra (epithelium), rather than surrounding tissues like the spongy part of the penis (corpus spongiosum). If this method fails, surgery may be required.

What is a stricture in the urethra?

A urethral stricture is a narrowing of the urethra, the tube through which urine exits the body. The condition occurs due to scarring caused by injury, infection, or inflammation. Most often, urethral strictures result from injuries sustained during trauma or a medical procedure. In lesser cases, they may develop due to an enlarged prostate (benign ...

Why is a metal tube inserted into the urethra?

During this procedure, which is done under general anesthesia, a metal tube is inserted into the urethra in order to stretch the area of the stricture. The surgeon begins with a small tube and gradually introduces tubes of greater size until a wide enough opening has been achieved.

What part of the urethra is a stent?

Stents are most successful for shorter strictures that occur inside the part of the urethra that runs through the penis (bulbous urethra). They are also useful for patients who cannot undergo reconstruction of the urethra due to other medical conditions.

Can a urethra be reconnected?

During this procedure, the scarred part of the urethra is removed and then either the healthy part of the urethra is reconnected or the urethra is reconnected using a graft taken from the cheek or other body part.

What are the complications of a urethral stent?

Complications associated with urethral stents include pain during intercourse or while sitting (when the stent is placed in the penis), movement of the stent inside the urethra, infection, leakage of urine, blood in the urine, urgency and frequency of urination, urethral irritation, and pain in the kidney, bladder or groin.

How to treat urethra cancer?

Surgery. Surgery is the most common treatment for cancer of the urethra. There are many different methods that can be used, depending on whether the cancer is superficial or invasive. Superficial Cancers. If the tumor has not grown into nearby tissues, it may be removed with a tool such as a cystoscope.

Can urethral cancer be treated with surgery?

Most of the time, urethral cancers in the anterior urethra (the part closest to the outside) are treated well with local surgery. Tumors that involve the posterior urethra (the part closest to the bladder) often need more radical surgery to get the best result. Anterior Urethra in Men.

Is urethral cancer rare?

What is Urethral Cancer? Urethral cancer is the most rare of all urological cancer. Only 1 or 2 people out of 100 patients with cancer get this type. It is more common in men than women. Some people with urethral cancer don’t have any symptoms, but most do.

How do you know if you have cancer in your urethra?

As the cancer grows, some patients may notice a lump or growth on the urethra. Others may notice pain or bleeding when they urinate. If the tumor narrows or restricts the urethra, you may have trouble voiding, or you may pass blood from the urethra.

Can urethral cancer cause swollen urethra?

The exact cause of urethral cancer is not known. But longtime swelling and infection may add to the risk. Many men with urethral cancer have been treated before for urethral stricture disease or sexually transmitted infections.

Can urethral cancer cause a UTI?

The exact cause of urethral cancer is not known. But longtime swelling and infection may add to the risk. Many men with urethral cancer have been treated before for urethral stricture disease or sexually transmitted infections. Many women with urethral cancer have been treated before for urethral caruncle (mass), urethral diverticulum (outpouching) or chronic UTI. In both men and women, human papilloma virus (HPV) has been linked to urethral cancer.

Can a woman with urethral cancer have surgery?

Unfortunately, most women with urethral cancer need more involved surgery. The urethra, bladder and a part of the vagina are often removed. A pouch can be made with bowel for the kidneys to drain into. This pouch would then be used to remove urine from the body. Lymph Node Removal.

Causes

Symptoms

Diagnosis

• A number of imaging modalities, together with urinalysis and blood tests, may be employed to aid in the diagnosis of ureteric calculi. Most notably, ultrasonography, kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB) radiographs, and computed tomography (CT) scans may be used. Other less frequently used diagnostic approaches are pyelography and renal nuclear scans with r...

See more on news-medical.net

Treatment Approaches

References

Further Reading