Thiram ® Seed Treatment Fungicide Seed Treatment
- An Industry Standard for Vegetables and Sugarbeets. Thiram ® is an industry standard with contact activity against multiple seedborne and soilborne fungi.
- Registered Crops
- Labels / MSDS
- Use & Mixing. Get more from your crop and your investment with Bayer PLUS. ...
What is thiram used for in plants?
Thiram is also used as a seed, nut, fruit, and mushroom disinfectant from a variety of fungal diseases. In addition, it is used as an animal repellent to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage by rabbits, rodents, and deer.
Should thiram seed treatments be banned in Canada?
The agency is recommending that all uses of thiram — including as a seed treatment — be cancelled in Canada, and it gave industry officials until May 29, 2016, to comment on the proposed re-evaluation.
How long does thiram stay in the soil?
Thiram is of low-to-moderate persistence in soil and groundwater and due to its low solubility in water and strong tendency to adsorb to soil particles, thiram is not expected to contaminate groundwater. Soil half-life for thiram has been reported as 15 days, although soil profile (i.e., acidity) alters the rate of decay.
What are the side effects of thiram?
Thiram is slightly toxic when absorbed via inhalation or ingestion. Acute exposure to this chemical may cause headaches, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal problems. Long exposure to thiram may result to drowsiness, confusion, loss of sex drive, incoordination, slurred speech, and weakness.
Are seeds treated with thiram safe?
Among the fungicides most likely to be used to treat seeds are Thiram, Apron and Maxim. They are relatively low in acute toxicity to mammals (such as humans), but test mammals fed these fungicides over time showed damage to kidneys and liver, and some components are acutely toxic to fish.
Why we used thiram in seed treatment?
Thiram is a protective fungicide used as a foliar treatment on fruits, vegetables and ornamentals to control Botrytis species, rust, scab and storage diseases, and as a seed treatment to control seedling blights and a number of fungi that cause "damping off" in seedlings.
Is thiram an organic fungicide?
Thiram is an organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, an antiseptic drug and an antifungal agrochemical.
What is seed thiram?
Thiram is the simplest thiuram disulfide and the oxidized dimer of dimethyldithiocarbamate. It is used as a fungicide, ectoparasiticide to prevent fungal diseases in seed and crops and similarly as an animal repellent to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage by rabbits, rodents and deer.
Is thiram toxic to humans?
Thiram is considered to be moderately toxic via the inhalation route of exposure (Toxicity Category II). It is a moderate eye irritant (Toxicity Category II), a slight dermal irritant (Toxicity Category IV) and a moderate skin sensitizer. Thiram is a neurotoxicant and can also act as a developmental toxicant.
How do you remove thiram from seeds?
If you have some thiram coated seeds, it's not going to be problematic. Once the thiram decomposes, the sulfur could be beneficial in your soil and the soil fungi will readjust. If it makes you feel better, you could remove the thiram by rinsing the seeds with a solvent like acetone, but it's not really necessary.
Is thiram toxic to bees?
Thiram is nontoxic to bees. Environmental Fate: Thiram is of low to moderate persistence. It is nearly immobile in clay soils or in soils high in organic matter.
Is thiram a pesticide?
Regulatory Status: Thiram is registered as a General Use Pesticide (GUP) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It is classified as toxicity class III - slightly toxic. Pesticide products containing thiram bear the Signal Word CAUTION on the product label.
How do you use thiram?
Thiram 50 WP (Planter or Drill Box)-Place 1/2 the total amount of seed and Thiram in box and mix with paddle or stick. Add remaining 1/2 of seed and Thiram and stir as specified above. Treat peanuts promptly after shelling. Other seeds may be treated anytime after being well-cured.
Does thiram degrade?
In soil, thiram can be degraded by microbial action or by hydrolysis under acidic conditions. In water, thiram is rapidly broken down by hydrolysis and photodegradation, especially under acidic conditions.
What are the benefits of seed treatment?
Benefits of Seed TreatmentsEarly-season protection against pathogens. ... Early-season protection against insect pests. ... A healthy start. ... A safer application. ... More consistent stands and better yields. ... An insurance policy with a great return. ... Protection for your cropping strategy. ... Complete protection.More items...•
What is the chemical name of the Thirum fungicide?
Thiram (tetramethylthiuram disulfide) is a dithiocarbamate compound that is widely used as a fungicide in agriculture for the protection of vegetable crops and seeds.
What is thiram used for?
It is used as a fungicide, ectoparasiticide to prevent fungal diseases in seed and crops and similarly as an animal repellent to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage by rabbits, rodents and deer.
What is Thiram fungicide?
Thiram is a type of sulfur fungicide. It has been found to dissolve completely in chloroform, acetone, and ether. It is available as dust, flowable, wettable powder, water dispersible granules, and water suspension formulations and in mixtures with other fungicides.
Does thiram contaminate groundwater?
Thiram is nearly immobile in clay soils or in soils of high organic matter. It is not expected to contaminate groundwater because of its in-soil half life of 15 days and tendency to stick to soil particles. As a waste, thiram carries an EPA U244 code.
What is thiram used for?
Thiram is used as a fungicide to prevent crop damage in the field and to prevent crops from deterioration in storage or transport. Thiram is also used as a seed, nut, fruit, and mushroom disinfectant from a variety of fungal diseases. In addition, it is used as an animal repellent to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage by rabbits, rodents, and deer. Thiram has been used in the treatment of human scabies, as a sun screen, and as a bactericide applied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap. Thiram is used as a rubber accelerator and vulcanizer and as a bacteriostat for edible oils and fats. It is also used as a rodent repellent, wood preservative, and may be used in the blending of lubricant oils. Registered for use in EU countries[115]. Registered for use in the U.S.
How long does thiram last in soil?
The soil half-life for thiram is reported to be 15 days. Thiram degrades more readily in acidic soils and in soils high in organic matter. Thiram has been shown to persist up to 2 months in sandy soil but disappeared within 1 week from compost soil.
What are the fungicides that affect thyroid?
The carbamic acid class of fungicides includes dithiocarbamates ( ferbam, thiram, ziram, propamocarb) and ethylenebisdithiocarbamates (EBDCs) such as maneb, mancozeb, zineb, nabam, metiram, etc. These fungicides alter thyroid hormone levels and/or weights. The reproductive system is generally unaffected by exposure to EBDCs {common metabolite, ethylenethiourea (ETU)}. The developmental toxicity included malformations and embryo-fetotoxic effects at maternally toxic dose levels with EBDCs in rats (Ollinger et al., 2001 ). Exposure to ETU at the critical stages of pregnancy produced malformations in rats, predominantly those of the CNS. Sensitivity varied with species. Mice and rabbits are less sensitive. The malformations produced by ETU exposure in vivo were those expected as a result of thyroid insufficiency. The malformations have been prevented by coadministration of thyroxine ( Emmerling, 1978 ). Guinea pigs and cats did not show any evidence of teratogenic or other developmental toxicity ( Khera, 1987 ).
How is thiram broken down?
Thiram will not volatilize from wet or dry soil surfaces. In water, thiram is rapidly broken down by hydrolysis and photodegradation , especially under acidic conditions. View chapter Purchase book. Read full chapter.
What is tetramethylthiuram disulfide?
Thiram. Thiram is tetramethylthiuram disulfide. Although it is a crop protection fungicide, the use of thiram as an animal repellent is the most likely source of exposure to pet animals.
How long does thiram decompose?
For example, in a humus sandy soil, at pH 3.5, thiram decomposes after 4–5 weeks, while at pH 7.0, thiram decomposes after 14–15 weeks. In sandy soils, thiram may be present for over 2 months while in composite soil it is not detectable within 1 week. The major metabolites of thiram in the soil are copper dimethyldithiocarbamate, dithiocarbamate, ...
What is the function of thiram?
Carbon disulfide is formed during the metabolism of thiram. Thiram inhibits a variety of enzymes, including cytochrome P450 and alcohol dehydrogenase. Worker exposures have shown an interaction with alcohol but not with drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system.