Does N rate affect seed oil content in oil-seed sunflowers?
Seed oil content of oil-seed sunflowers always decreased with N rate, regardless of yield response. The economic impact of available N on yield response, seed oil response and N cost is factored into each N recommendation. Highest N rates are moderated due to possible harvestable yield reduction due to lodging.
Does sunflower yield response to sunflower planting increase?
However, at most sites, which were planted to sunflower for the first time in more than 30 years or did not have a deep-rooted crop such as sugarbeet or sunflower within the past five years, yield response was very slight, if any increase occurred.
What is the action threshold for sunflower seed treatment?
The action threshold for application is 1% rust severity on the upper four fully expanded sunflower leaves at or before bloom (growth stage R5) (Figure 82). However, when a nonoilseed hybrid is infected from overwintering infection, an earlier application may be justified.
What is the effect of hail injury on sunflower yield?
Effect of hail injury on sunflower at several stages of plant development. Defoliation: Reduced yield as a result of defoliation depends on the amount of leaf loss and the stage at which it occurs.
What is a good yield for sunflowers?
Past production studies have shown average yields of around 2000 pounds per acre for full season sunflower, and 1500 pounds per acre for double crop sunflower. Yield potential for both types of production is as much as 25-35% higher than these averages, when soils and rainfall are not limiting.
How do you calculate sunflower yield?
Yield calculation Multipliers used: 2,450 x plant population x head size x seed size x good seed count x center seed set x no bird damage = lbs/acre. Yield calculations for this example field would therefore be: 2,450 x 1.0 x 0.73 x 1.0 x 0.95 x 0.975 x 0.98 = 1623 lbs/acre.
Which stage of sunflower is most critical for irrigation?
The most critical periods for irrigation in sunflower are bud (button) stage, flowering and grain formation stages. If the crop experience moisture stress at these stages the no. of ill filled grain flower will be increased. Under limited water conditions provide irrigations at bud stage and grain formation stage.
How much profit does a sunflower make per acre?
about $250 per acre.
How do you calculate the yield of a plant?
Steps are as follows:Select an area that is representative of the paddock. ... Do this 5 times to get an average of the crop (A)Count the number of grains in at least 20 heads or pods and average (B)Using Table 1 determine the grain weight for the crop concerned (C)Yield in t/ha = (A × B × C) / 10,000.
What is the average yield of sunflower per hectare?
The average yield of sunflower seeds is 1560 kg/ha, and in terms of oil this amounts to 216 l of vegetable oil produced per hectare. This much oil has an energy value of 1.7 million kilocalories which appears promising.
What are the stages of a sunflower?
Sunflower plants pass through four main development stages from planting to harvest; a vegetative phase, a reproductive phase, a period of ripening, and senescence or dieback. It's useful and in some cases necessary to understand and to identify when the plant is at, or has moved through different growth stages.
What is the duration of sunflower crop?
The sunflower crop matures in 90-100 days. The crop has to be harvested when the lower side of the head turns yellow and some of the bracts dry up.
Is sunflower least water efficient crop?
Sugarcane is the least water efficient crop. Among the given options, its water requirement is 1800-2200 mm/season which is highest. Option b is incorrect. Sunflower's water requirement was estimated at 672.4 mm/season.
Are growing sunflowers profitable?
MARKET DRIVER: Sunflower oil consumption continues to increase in the U.S. Farmers should look to add sunflower production to the crop rotation mix in 2021 to increase profits on the farm.
What is the price of sunflower?
Sunflower Market RatesCommodityVarietyMin PriceSunflowerSunflower4000.00 INR/QuintalSunflowerSunflower4809.00 INR/QuintalSunflowerSunflower6909.00 INR/QuintalSunflowerOther4500.00 INR/Quintal44 more rows
What is the most profitable plants to grow?
Most Profitable CropsLavender. Lavender can be used in just about everything, from food flavoring to medicines to fragrances. ... Bamboo. Bamboo is mainly sold as a potted plant or landscaping feature. ... Basil. Basil is a popular herb used in tons of different dishes. ... Cilantro. ... Chives. ... Ginseng. ... Gourmet Garlic. ... Arugula.More items...•
What is sunflower production guide?
The sunflower production guide provides agricultural producers, consultants and others in the ag-industry with production information. There are sections about agronomy, insect, weed and disease management, harvesting, storage and marketing.
Why are sunflowers considered high risk crops?
Sunflower can be a high-risk crop because of potential losses from diseases, insects, birds and weeds. These potential risks require that growers follow integrated pest management (IPM) practices. IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health and environmental risks to maintain pest populations below levels that cause unacceptable losses to crop quality or yield.
How much sunflower seed per acre in North Dakota?
Seed Yield Per Acre. Annual average North Dakota sunflower yields from 1990 to 2019 ranged from 840 to 1,750 pounds per acre for oilseed and from 780 to 1,860 pounds per acre for nonoilseed sunflower. Average yield for all oil and nonoil sunflower per acre for the 1990-2019 period was 1,383 pounds per acre.
How deep does a sunflower root?
Sunflower has an effective root depth of around 4 feet but can remove water from below this depth.
How much water does a sunflower need?
Annual water use by sunflowers averages about 19 inches, which is provided by a combination of stored soil water, effective rain and applied irrigation. Average daily water use will increase from about 0.03 inch soon after emergence to more than 0.27 inch from head emergence to full seed head development.
Why are sunflowers good for birds?
Sunflower, due to the easy accessibility and high nutritional value of their seed , is particularly vulnerable to damage by birds (Figure 122). Seeds are exposed and the large head serves as a perch during feeding. Sunflower seed is a preferred bird food because the seed contains many proteins and fats essential to bird growth, molting, fat storage and weight maintenance.
Where do sunflowers grow?
Sunflower, native to North America, grows wild in many areas of the U.S. Sunflower has a long and varied history as an economic plant, but the time and place of its first cultivation is uncertain. Sunflower was used by North American inhabitants before colonization of the New World. Spanish explorers collected sunflowers in North America, and by 1580, it was a common garden flower in Spain. Early English and French explorers, finding sunflower in common use by the native Americans, introduced it to their respective lands. It spread along the trade routes to Italy, Egypt, Afghanistan, India, China and Russia.
How deep should sunflowers be?
If practical, new fields of sunflower should be sampled to at least a 4-foot depth to see if deeper N should be considered in N fertility recommendations. About 30 pounds of N from 2 to 4 feet in depth should be assumed but not subtracted from N recommendations.
Is the N rate capped in the no till N recommendations?
Therefore, the N rate is capped in the no-till N recommendations, even though small increases in yield and marginal profit might be possible with greater N rates in nonwind-affected growing seasons. Seed oil content of oil-seed sunflowers always decreased with N rate, regardless of yield response.
Can compost kill sunflower seeds?
Compost also can be used to great advantage. The compost should come from a reliable source, where the manure was brought to temperatures that kill weed seed. Well-made composts can be sampled and analyzed for N content so that a better estimate can be made of N release during the sunflower growing year.
Can sunflowers have higher N rates?
Although in the absence of high wind and disease, higher yield might be possible with higher N rates than those in the recommendation tables or in the future N calculator for sunflower, sunflower growers assume a greater lodging and disease risk if they decide to use higher rates.
Is sunflower tillage based?
The new sunflower recommendations are regionally and tillage-based. Perhaps due to the deeper rooting nature of sunflower, soil texture had less effect on yield, compared with clay texture effect on corn N use efficiency in previous studies.
Is sunflower a B deficiency?
Of all the micronutrients, sunflower is most susceptible to boron (B) deficiency from reports around the world. However, in North Dakota, B rate experiments with soil B levels as low as 0.2 ppm showed no sunflower yield response with B application.
Is sunflower a nutrient in North Dakota?
Sulfur. Sulfur (S ) has become a common nutrient that is deficient for many crops in North Dakota. Although sunflower is deeply rooted, and in many soils, the groundwater is high in sulfates, sunflower may be susceptible to early season deficiency. The S soil test is not diagnostic.
Abstract
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an effective means of mitigating anthropogenic CO 2 emissions in the atmosphere. However, it is important to consider the risks of CO 2 leakage from storage sites and their potential impacts on near-surface ecosystems.
Introduction
Continuous emissions of CO 2 from the burning of fossil fuels have increased global atmospheric CO 2 concentrations.
Materials and methods
The experiment was carried out in the Shunyi Agro-Environmental Integrated Experimental Base (40° 13′N, 116°14′E) of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2018. The local area has a temperate continental monsoon climate and is in the transition area between semi-arid and semi-humid, temperate, and mid-temperate climatic zones.
Results and discussion
As shown in Table 1, the morphologies and yields of the sunflowers were not affected by 1500 g m −2 day −1 CO 2 leakage. There were no significant differences between the G1500 and CK groups, including plant heights, disk diameters, 100-seed weights, and seed kernel rates.
Discussion
We investigated the impacts of CO 2 leakage on the yield and quality of sunflowers using pot experiments. Crude fat, crude protein, and fatty acid compositions were used as indicators of sunflower quality, all of which exhibited marked variations between the CO 2 -treated and control groups.
Conclusion
We determined the response of sunflowers to CO 2 leakage from CCS projects using pot experiments. The crude fat content of the sunflowers decreased and crude protein and linoleic acid contents increased, whereas sunflower yields remain unchanged under CO 2 leakage.
Code availability
The data used are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
What are the yield components of sunflowers?
The yield components of sunflower, namely heads per hectare, number of seeds per head and weight per seed, are determined during these phases. This begins when the seed is planted and ends when the floral parts of the sunflower are initiated.
What is sunflower used for?
It is currently the country’s third-largest grain crop after maize and wheat, and is primarily used for the manufacture of oil for human consumption and oilcake for animal feed. Sunflower produces relatively consistent yield even under adverse weather conditions. - Advertisement -.
What happens during GS2?
Any stress that limits growth rate during GS2 will result in a reduced number of seeds/head. Drought stress during this stage reduces yield more than at any other phase of sunflower development. The final stage of development begins when flowering is completed and the plant reaches physiological maturity.
Why are sunflowers not germination?
Another factor affecting sunflower stand is poor germination due to excessive heat at the time of planting. Sunflower sometimes has to be planted in January or even early February, and temperatures 2017during this period often reach 32°C to 35°C. Temperatures in this range are not ideal for sunflower seed germination.
When should I plant sunflowers?
A farmer planning to plant sunflower as a main crop should consider planting during November and no later than the end of December in order to reach the target yield of more than 2t/ha.
Is a sunflower sensitive to stress?
In GS1, sunflower is at its most delicate and is highly sensitive to stress. Fortunately, stress occurring during this period has little effect on yield. The plant must remain alive only to maintain the yield component of heads/ha. GS2: floral initiation to bloom.
Can sunflower seeds die in high temperatures?
Temperatures in this range are not ideal for sunflower seed germination. Even when seeds germinate, high temperatures may cause them to wither and die. In addition, topsoil tends to dry out rapidly in the heat, so farmers are forced to plant the seeds slightly deeper when soil moisture content is higher.