What are some useful search terms for trichloroethylene?
Useful search terms for trichloroethylene include “ethylene trichloride,” “TCE,” “trichloroethene,” and “trilene.” The NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (NPG) helps workers, employers, and occupational health professionals recognize and control workplace chemical hazards.
What is PERC perchloroethylene?
Perchloroethylene, also known as perc, is a colorless, nonflammable liquid solvent with a sweet, ether-like odor. It is primarily used in industrial settings and also for dry-cleaning fabrics and degreasing metals.
What is trichloroethylene CCL2?
Trichloroethylene (CICH=CCl 2) is a colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor. Trichloroethylene may cause irritation to the eyes and skin. Exposure to high concentrations can cause dizziness, headaches, sleepiness, confusion, nausea, unconsciousness, liver damage, and even death. Trichloroethylene is a known carcingen.
What is the CAS number for trichloroethylene?
CAS No. 79-01-6. Trichloroethylene (CICH=CCl 2) is a colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor. Trichloroethylene may cause irritation to the eyes and skin. Exposure to high concentrations can cause dizziness, headaches, sleepiness, confusion, nausea, unconsciousness, liver damage, and even death. Trichloroethylene is a known carcingen.
What are the universal treatment standards?
§ 268.48 Universal treatment standards. (a) Table UTS identifies the hazardous constituents, along with the nonwastewater and wastewater treatment standard levels, that are used to regulate most prohibited hazardous wastes with numerical limits.
What is Land Disposal Restrictions LDR program do?
The LDR program ensures that wastes are properly treated prior to disposal. This makes hazardous waste less harmful to ground water by reducing the potential for leaching of hazardous constituents and by reducing waste toxicity by destroying or removing harmful constituents.
What is D001 waste code?
Wastes identified by the Environmental Protection agency (EPA) as Ignitable hazardous wastes are assigned a D001 waste code and must be managed as hazardous waste on site, according to your RCRA generator status.
What is RCRA stand for?
Resource Conservation and Recovery ActThe Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) is the public law that creates the framework for the proper management of hazardous and non-hazardous solid waste. The law describes the waste management program mandated by Congress that gave EPA authority to develop the RCRA program.
What are two types of land disposal techniques for hazardous waste?
Incineration or other treatmentChemical treatment – e.g., neutralization, precipitation, ion exchange, reduction, or oxidation;Thermal treatment – e.g., incineration;Biological treatment – e.g., landfarming; and.Physical treatment – e.g., solidification, flotation, sedimentation, evaporation, or filtration.
Who regulates hazardous waste disposal in Ontario?
At the federal level, Environment Canada has regulation in place that mandates which substances and components can and cannot be used in products. It, in partnership with Transport Canada, also has the responsibility of monitoring and dictating how wastes are transported between provincial and national borders.
What is waste code D008?
D008 Lead. D009 Mercury. D010 Selenium. D011 Silver. D012 Endrin(1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-1,7-epoxy-
What standard does the EPA use to identify a hazardous waste?
EPA uses two criteria to identify corrosive hazardous wastes. The first is a pH test. Aqueous wastes with a pH greater than or equal to 12.5, or less than or equal to 2 are corrosive under EPA's rules. A waste may also be corrosive if it has the ability to corrode steel in a specific EPA-approved test protocol.
What is the correct definition of universal waste?
Universal wastes are hazardous wastes that are widely produced by households and many different types of businesses. Universal wastes include televisions, computers and other electronic devices as well as batteries, fluorescent lamps, mercury thermostats, and other mercury containing equipment, among others.
What is the RCRA 20 times rule?
If all of a constituent in the sample completely dissolved or leached into the extraction fluid during the tumbling cycle, then the concentration of the constituent in the extraction fluid will always be 20 times less than its original con- centration in the sample, because it is diluted to 1/20th of its original ...
What is the difference between RCRA and non-RCRA waste?
Non-RCRA hazardous waste means all hazardous waste regulated in the State, other than RCRA hazardous waste as defined in this section. A hazardous waste is presumed to be a RCRA hazardous waste, unless it is determined pursuant to section 66261.101 that the hazardous waste is a non-RCRA hazardous waste.
What are the three categories of hazardous waste handlers regulated by RCRA?
The EPA defines three types of hazardous waste: listed, characteristic, and mixed radiological waste.
What are some examples of workers exposed to trichloroethylene?
Some examples of workers at risk of being exposed to trichloroethylene include the following: Workers who use it as an extraction solvent for greases, oils, fats, waxes, and tars. Factory workers in the textile processing industry who use it to scour cotton, wool, and other fabrics.
What is a CAS number for trichloroethylene?
CAS No. 79-01-6. Trichloroethylene (CICH=CCl 2) is a colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor. Trichloroethylene may cause irritation to the eyes and skin. Exposure to high concentrations can cause dizziness, headaches, sleepiness, confusion, nausea, unconsciousness, liver damage, and even death. Trichloroethylene is a known carcingen.
What is the NIOSH hierarchy of controls?
NIOSH recommends that employers use Hierarchy of Controls to prevent injuries. If you work in an industry that uses trichloroethylene, please read chemical labels and the accompanying Safety Data Sheets for hazard information.
Is trichloroethylene carcingen?
Trichloroethylene is a known carcingen. Workers may be harmed from exposure to trichloroethylene. The level of exposure depends upon the dose, duration, and work being done. Trichloroethylene is used in many industries.
What is TCE in water?
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a halogenated aliphatic organic compound which, due to its unique properties and solvent effects, has been widely used as an ingredient in industrial cleaning solutions and as a “universal” degreasing agent . TCE, perchloroethylene (PCE), and trichloroethane (TCA) are the most frequently detected volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in ground water in the United States (Fischer et al., 1987). This paper discusses options for removing TCE from soil and ground water.
What is the most commonly detected volatile organic chemical in ground water?
TCE, perchloroethylene (PCE), and trichloroethane (TCA) are the most frequently detected volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in ground water in the United States (Fischer et al., 1987). This paper discusses options for removing TCE from soil and ground water.
What are the direct effects of chemicals on the skin?
Direct effects—Localized, non-immune-mediated adverse health effects on the skin, including corrosion, primary irritation, changes in skin pigmentation, and reduction/disruption of the skin barrier integrity, occurring at or near the point of contact with chemicals.
Is TCE a SK?
TCE is potentially capable of causing numerous adverse health effects following skin contact. A critical review of available data has resulted in the following SK assignment for T CE: SK: SYS-DIR (IRR)-SEN. Table 1 provides an overview of the critical effects and data used to develop the SK assignment for TCE.
Does TCE have corrosivity?
No evidence of skin corrosivity of TCE, no in vitro tests for corrosivity in human or animal skin models, and no in vitro tests of skin integ-rity using cadaver skin were identified. Evidence of corrosivity and irritation in humans and ani-mals were identified. Evidence of corrosivity in animals is limited to findings from a single acute toxicity study. In that study, high doses of TCE, ranging from 2,520 to 20,000 mg/kg, were administered to the skin of 16 rabbits under an impervious covering, resulting in burning, scabbing, and scarring [Dow Chemical Com-pany 1956].
Can TCE be absorbed by skin?
Numerous studies of dermal absorption of TCE in humans have indicated that the substance can be absorbed following skin contact [Stewart and Dodd 1964; Sato and Nakajima 1978; Poet et al. 2000; Kezic et al. 2001]. In a study conducted by Stewart and Dodd [1964], volunteers immersed
Is TCE a skin sensitizer?
Few reports were identified that suggest that TCE may be a skin sensitizer in humans. An occupational study on 19 patients hospitalized for generalized skin disorders and their healthy colleagues by Kamijima et al. [2008], indicated that TCE caused the hypersensitivity disorders. Watanabe et al. [2010] reported a case with generalized rash and liver dysfunction that had been exposed to TCE at work. This patient was patch tested for TCE and its metabolites tri-chlorethanol and chloral hydrate; the patient had positive reactions to the metabolites but not to TCE [Kamijima et al. 2008]. Similarly, Huang et al. [2015] reported fever, generalized rash, liver dysfunction, and superficial lymph-adenopathy in workers exposed to TDI that exhibited trichloroethylene hypersensitivity dis-order. All of these patients developed positive skin reactions to TCE or the metabolites of TCE, including chloral hydrate, trichloroethanol, trichloroacetic acid. Chloral hydrate had the greatest positive response (100%) and 10.5% of patients had positive reactions to TCE [Huang et al. 2015]. Dai et al. [2009] compared 111 workers with hypersensitivity dermatitis and 154 healthy workers, all of whom were exposed to TCE, to determine if there was a gene polymorphism that influenced individual susceptibility to TCE-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis. All of the cases diagnosed with occupational hypersen-sitivity dermatitis by an occupational disease physician developed skin damage within months of exposure to TCE [Dai et al. 2009]. The authors concluded that a slow metabolic phenotype of N-acetyltransferases (NATs) and combined slow acetylator phenotypes of NAT1 and NAT2, two isoenzymes of NAT that are encoded by separate genes, may be risk fac-tors for TCE-induced hypersensitivity [Dai et al. 2009], In a case report, a worker developed severe dermal effects, including skin lesions and erythroderma with edematous face and eyelids, a combined inhalation and dermal exposure to TCE [Nakayama et al. 1988]. This subject had positive reactions to 10% and 25% TCE in
What is perchloroethylene used for?
Perchloroethylene is a solvent commonly used in dry cleaning operations. When applied to a material or fabric, perc helps dissolve greases, oils and waxes without damaging the fabric. In metal manufacturing, solvents containing perchloroethylene clean and degrease new metal to help prevent impurities from weakening the metal.
When will dry cleaners stop using perc?
Environmental Protection Agency has ruled that dry cleaners located in residential buildings must phase out dry cleaning machines that use perc by December 21, 2020.
What happens if you are exposed to high levels of Perc?
Higher levels of perc exposure can lead to irritation of the eyes, skin, nose, throat and/or respiratory system. Short-term exposure to high levels of perc can affect the central nervous system and cause unconsciousness and death, according to NIH.
What is the chemical name for perc?
Perchloroethylene, also known as perc, is a colorless, nonflammable liquid solvent with a sweet, ether-like odor. It is primarily used in industrial settings and also for dry-cleaning fabrics and degreasing metals.
Does perc cause cancer?
According to ACS, some studies of people exposed to perc at work, such as dry cleaning workers, found more cases than expected of certain cancers, including cancers of the esophagus, kidney, cervix and bladder, as well as lymphomas.
Can high perc levels cause death?
Exposure to these higher levels of perc can lead to irritation of the eyes, skin, nose, throat and/or respiratory system. Short-term exposure to high levels of perc can affect the central nervous system and may lead to unconsciousness or death, according to NIH.
Does perchloroethylene cause bladder cancer?
ATSDR states that exposure to perchloroethylene might lead to a higher risk of bladder cancer, multiple myeloma or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma for some people, but also states that the evidence is not very strong. Uses & Benefits. Safety Information. Back to Top.