What is the desired effect of a drug?
false. The ______ effect of a drug is the desired effect. prime. The ______ effect of a drug is an unwanted side effect. secondary. The term "skin popping" used by some drug addicts refers to the ___________ route of drug administration. subcutaneous. Which process is affected by factors such as the individual's sex, state of hydration, genetic ...
What is the therapeutic effect of medication?
1. the ability of a drug to achieve the desired effect. 2. the degree to which an intervention accomplishes the desired or projected outcomes. Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © …
What is drug efficacy?
Jul 25, 2021 · The ED50 is the dose of a medication that produces a desired pharmacologic effect in 50% of the studied patient population that takes the medication. This metric is derived from clinical studies. This number helps clinicians decide the initial drug dose in patients.
What is the difference between therapeutic and desired side effects?
Therapeutic effect refers to the response after a treatment of any kind, the results of which are judged to be useful or favorable. This is true whether the result was expected, unexpected, or even an unintended consequence. An adverse effect is the converse and refers to harmful or undesired response. What constitutes a therapeutic effect versus a side effect is a matter of both the …
What is the medical term for treatment using drugs?
Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is the use of medications, in combination with counseling and behavioral therapies, to provide a “whole-patient” approach to the treatment of substance use disorders.
What does the term therapeutic effect mean?
A therapeutic effect is a consequence of the medical treatment of any kind, the results of which are judged to be desirable and beneficial. This is true whether the result was expected, unexpected, or even an unintended consequence of the treatment.
What is efficacy of a drug?
Listen to pronunciation. (EH-fih-kuh-see) Effectiveness. In medicine, the ability of an intervention (for example, a drug or surgery) to produce the desired beneficial effect.
What is pharmacodynamics of a drug?
Pharmacodynamics refers to the relationship between drug concentration at the site of action and the resulting effect, including the time course and intensity of thera- peutic and adverse effects. The effect of a drug present at the site of action is determined by that drug's binding with a receptor.
What is the term therapeutic mean?
Definition of therapeutic 1 : of or relating to the treatment of disease or disorders by remedial agents or methods : curative, medicinal therapeutic diets They confirmed the therapeutic effect of supplemental light in treating winter depression with phototherapy.—
What does therapist mean?
noun. a person trained in the use of physical methods, as exercises, heat treatments, etc., in treating or rehabilitating the sick or wounded or helping patients overcome physical defects. a person trained in the use of psychological methods for helping patients overcome psychological problems.
What is Potency and efficacy?
Results. Potency is an expression of the activity of a drug in terms of the concentration or amount of the drug required to produce a defined effect, whereas clinical efficacy judges the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug in humans.
What is efficacy treatment?
establishes the value of a treatment protocol for effecting change in routine clinical practice. establishes the potential of a treatment protocol for effecting beneficial change within a particular clinical population.
What is affinity and efficacy?
Affinity describes strength of drug binding with receptor (“fit the lock”). Efficacy describes ability of drug-bound receptor to produce a response (“turn the key”). Agonists have both affinities for the receptor as well as efficacy but antagonists have only affinity for the receptors and no (zero) efficacy.Jul 9, 2016
What is Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics?
Abstract. Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics are pharmaceutical disciplines useful to improve the outcome of drug therapies, assist drug product development, and establish pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics models and in vitro-in vivo correlations.Dec 1, 2018
What is pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics?
In simple words, pharmacokinetics is 'what the body does to the drug'. Pharmacodynamics describes the intensity of a drug effect in relation to its concentration in a body fluid, usually at the site of drug action. It can be simplified to 'what the drug does to the body'.Sep 21, 2006
What are the 3 phases of drug action?
A tablet or capsule taken by mouth goes through three phases—pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic—as drug actions occur. In the pharmaceutic phase, the drug becomes a solution so that it can cross the biologic membrane.Oct 8, 2016
What organs does TCM work on?
Besides this, TCM also works around the small and large intestines, stomach, gall bladder and the urinary bladder. Being connected with ‘qi’ energy and blood, the vital substance, circulating through them, TCM uses a holistic approach to harmonizing the functions of these organs.
What does efficacy mean in medical terms?
efficacy. [ ef´ĭ-kah″se] 1. the ability of a drug to achieve the desired effect. 2. the degree to which an intervention accomplishes the desired or projected outcomes. Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
What does "efficio" mean in nursing?
ef·fi·ca·cy. ( ef'i-kă-sē) 1. nursing The success or effectiveness of a treatment. 2. The power to produce a desired effect. [L. efficacia, fr, ef-ficio, to perform, accomplish] Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012.
What is evidence based medicine?
In the context of evidence-based medicine, the capacity of a drug or therapy to positively influence the course or duration of a disease at the dose tested in the patient population for which it is designed and has been tested.
What is the difference between an adverse effect and a therapeutic effect?
This is true whether the result was expected, unexpected, or even an unintended consequence of the treatment. An adverse effect , on the other hand, is a harmful and undesired effect.
What is an adverse effect?
Adverse Effects. Definition. It is defined as an effect that happens beyond the intended primary or chief effect of that prescribed drug. It is defined as the effect or reaction of prescribed medicine that is over and beyond the chief and desired action of that drug. They are.
What is a side effect of a drug?
A ‘ side-effect’ of any substance is defined as an effect that happens beyond the intended primary or chief effect of that prescribed drug. These symptoms or side-effects are a natural consequence of the chemical reactions that take place between the drug and the body. Adverse effects are unexpected by both the patients and ...
What is a medication allergy?
Medication Allergy. A reaction occurring as the result of unusual sensitivity to a medication or other substance; Maybe the mild or life-threatening situation; May include rashes, swelling, itching, significant discomfort or an undesirable change in mental status, which should be reported to physician.
What are the side effects of taking a medication?
A client may have various side effects from taking certain medications; Side effects include but are not limited to the following; Change in behavior; Change in alertness; Change in eating or swallowing; Change in mobility; Skin rashes;
When there is a change in the client, what to do and who to notify?
When there is a change in the client, follow your facility’s policy on what to do and who to notify, which may include; Notifying the supervisor, health care professional and/or physician; NOT administering a medication when there is a change in the client without contact with the client’s physician.
Should allergies be reported to the pharmacy and physician?
Should understand that information on allergies should be reported to the pharmacy and physician and this information is recorded in the resident’s record; Upon admission, important to document any known allergies or if there are no known allergies should also be documented;
What does "Poiein" mean?
Poiein means make. The term pharmacopeia was first used in Italy in 1580. In England, the London Pharmacopeia, the Edinburgh Pharmacopeia, and the Dublin Pharmacopeia were used throughout the United Kingdom until 1864, when they were replaced by the British Pharmacopeia (BP).
What is the definition of pharmacopeia?
Definition of Pharmacopeia: Pharmacopeia is a book containing a list of drugs with descriptions, tests, formulas for preparing the same drug. The word pharmacopeia comes from the Greek word pharmakon and poiein. Poiein means make. The term pharmacopeia was first used in Italy in 1580.
What is the risk of toxicity of digoxin?
However, the risk of toxicity is increased considerably when the concentration of digoxin is above 3.8mmol/L. A barbiturate in low plasma concentration only produces sedation. But when the plasma concentration of that drug is increased, hypnosis develops. Coma or death may occur with further increase in concentration.
How often is the USP revised?
USP is revised every five years by outstanding pharmacologists, physicians, and pharmacists.
What is a prodrug?
Definition of prodrug: Prodrugs are some chemical substances which do not produce pharmacological effects until they are chemically altered within the body. Such chemical substances are called prodrugs. So basically, prodrugs are inactive drugs which are converted to active drugs inside the body by chemical alterations.
What is the origin of prodrug?
The concept of prodrug was first coined when a red dye, protonsil, was found to be effective against microorganisms only in vivo, not in vitro. It was due to conversion of protonsil dye, in vivo, to sulfanilamide, the first sulfonamide. in vivo means with living body and in vitro means outside the living body.
What is the therapeutic effect of digoxin?
In case of digoxin, the therapeutic effect is unlikely if the plasma concentration is less than 1mmol/L. Beneficial effect with a low risk of toxicity is obtained when the plasma concentration of digoxin is in between 1 and 3.8mmol/L. However, the risk of toxicity is increased considerably when the concentration of digoxin is above 3.8mmol/L.
What is an adverse effect?
An adverse effect (including nocebo) is the converse and refers to harmful or undesired response (s ). What constitutes a therapeutic effect versus a side effect is a matter of both the nature of the situation and the goals of treatment. No inherent difference separates therapeutic and undesired side effects; both responses are behavioral / ...
How to maximize therapeutic effects?
In the specific case of targeted pharmaceutical interventions a combination of therapies is often needed to achieve the desired results.
What is therapeutic effect?
Therapeutic effect refers to the response (s) after a treatment of any kind, the results of which are judged to be useful or favorable. This is true whether the result was expected, unexpected, or even an unintended consequence.
Does mindfulness help with mental health?
A 2015 review found that mindfulness based interventions had a therapeutic effect on stress reduction for mental illness. Also in 2015, a review showed that irradiation with low level laser therapy had the therapeutic effect of increasing in vitro stem cell proliferation rates.
Is botulinum toxin good for depression?
Also in 2016, a review found that despite limited data botulinum toxin type A may be beneficial for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia paroxysms and suggests further study.
Is aloe vera good for irritable bowel syndrome?
Also in 2015, a review found that probiotics were beneficial in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
What does it mean when a drug has a maximum effect?
In many cases, the severity of side effects from a medication increases as the dose increases, long after its therapeutic ceiling has been reached. The term is defined as "the phenomenon in which a drug reaches a maximum effect, so that increasing the drug dosage does not increase its effectiveness.". Sometimes drugs cannot be compared ...
What is the ceiling effect?
In pharmacology, the term ceiling effect refers to the property of increasing doses of a given medication to have progressively smaller incremental effect ( an example of diminishing returns ). Mixed agonist-antagonist opioids, such as nalbuphine, serve as a classic example of the ceiling effect; increasing the dose of a narcotic frequently leads ...
Why can't drugs be compared?
Sometimes drugs cannot be compared across a wide range of treatment situations because one drug has a ceiling effect. Sometimes the desired effect increases with dose, but side-effects worsen or start being dangerous, and risk to benefit ratio increases.