Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is a novel antibody–drug conjugate, comprised of a potent cytotoxic drug connected via a stable linker to the anti-HER2 antibody, trastuzumab, thereby primarily targeting chemotherapy delivery to cells overexpressing the HER2 receptor.
How is trastuzumab used to treat breast cancer?
Trastuzumab is approved to be used alone or with other drugs to treat: Breast cancer that is HER2 positive (HER2+). It is used in patients with: Hormone receptor-negative or high-risk cancer. It is given: Docetaxel and carboplatin. Alone after combination therapy that included anthracycline chemotherapy. Metastatic cancer.
What is trastuzumab (Herceptin)?
Trastuzumab, sold under the brand name Herceptin among others, is a monoclonal antibody used to treat breast cancer and stomach cancer. It is specifically used for cancer that is HER2 receptor positive.
Is trastuzumab monoclonal antibody?
Trastuzumab, sold under the brand name Herceptin among others, is a monoclonal antibody used to treat breast cancer. Specifically it is used for breast cancer that is HER2 receptor positive. ... Trastuzumab is given by slow injection into a vein and injection just under the skin.
What proteins does trastuzumab activate?
One of the most relevant proteins that trastuzumab activates is the tumor suppressor p27 (kip1), also known as CDKN1B. Trastuzumab has been shown to inhibit HER2/neu ectodomain cleavage in breast cancer cells.
Why is trastuzumab given after chemotherapy?
Trastuzumab after Chemotherapy Is Effective in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Treatment with trastuzumab (Herceptin®) for 1 year following standard chemotherapy improved disease-free survival in women with HER2-positive early breast cancer.
How does trastuzumab help cancer?
They are called HER2 positive cancers. HER2 makes the cancer cells grow and divide. Trastuzumab is a type of targeted cancer drug called a monoclonal antibody. It works by attaching to HER2 so it stops the cancer cells from growing and dividing.
Is trastuzumab considered chemotherapy?
Trastuzumab is used to treat metastatic (spread) breast cancer. It is effective against tumors that overexpress the HER2/neu protein. As part of chemotherapy regimen for adjuvant treatment of lymph-node positive, HER2/neu protein positive breast cancer.
What is trastuzumab mechanism of action?
Mechanism of Action Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Trastuzumab binds to an extracellular domain of this receptor and inhibits HER2 homodimerization, thereby preventing HER2-mediated signaling.
How effective is trastuzumab?
A study of more than 4000 patients, published in 2014, showed that adding trastuzumab to chemotherapy led to a 37% relative improvement in overall survival, increasing 10-year survival from 75.2% to 84%. The 10-year disease-free survival rate increased from 62.2% to 73.7%.
How trastuzumab enhances the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy?
Trastuzumab not only inhibits HER2 signaling pathways but also triggers immune-mediated responses against HER2-overexpressing cells. Trastuzumab binding engages Fc receptors on immune effector cells leading to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity [21,22].
Is trastuzumab chemotherapy or immunotherapy?
These are active specific immunotherapy with Theratope and passive immunotherapy targeting the HER-2 receptor with trastuzumab (Herceptin). Trastuzumab has a proven efficacy as monotherapy as well as in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in HER-2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer.
What drug class is trastuzumab?
Trastuzumab is in a class of medications called monoclonal antibodies. It works by stopping the growth of cancer cells.
What is trastuzumab made from?
The active substance trastuzumab is produced in recombinant Chinese Hamster Ovary cells using a serum free medium. The MCB, WCB and End of Production Cells were characterised sufficiently. MCB andWCB were adapted to growth in serum free medium.
What is trastuzumab target?
Herceptin (chemical name: trastuzumab) is a HER2 inhibitor targeted therapy. Herceptin works against HER2-positive breast cancers by blocking the ability of the cancer cells to receive chemical signals that tell the cells to grow.
How does trastuzumab affect the cell cycle?
The most well known effect of trastuzumab is the inhibition of the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways (Figure 1), which leads to an increase in cell cycle arrest, and the suppression of cell growth and proliferation.
How is trastuzumab metabolized?
Trastuzumab is metabolized to peptides and amino acids. The elimination is a complex of processes in humans but is specifically mediated by epithelial cells. Trastuzumab binds to HER-2 and is metabolized intracellularly. The consequence of intracellular binding explains a dose-dependent (nonlinear) elimination.
Why are drugs studied?
Drugs are often studied to find out if they can help treat or prevent conditions other than the ones they are approved for. This patient information sheet applies only to approved uses of the drug. However, much of the information may also apply to unapproved uses that are being studied.
Can Trastuzumab be used alone?
Trastuzumab is approved to be used alone or with other drugs to treat: Breast cancer that is HER2 positive (HER2+). It is used in patients with: Hormone receptor-negative or high-risk cancer. It is given: Docetaxel and carboplatin. Alone after combination therapy that included anthracycline chemotherapy.
What is Trastuzumab used for?
Trastuzumab, sold under the brand name Herceptin among others, is a monoclonal antibody used to treat breast cancer and stomach cancer. It is specifically used for cancer that is HER2 receptor positive. It may be used by itself or together with other chemotherapy medication.
How long does trastuzumab last?
The original studies of trastuzumab showed that it improved overall survival in late-stage (metastatic) HER2-positive breast cancer from 20.3 to 25.1 months. In early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer, it reduces the risk of cancer returning after surgery.
When was Trastuzumab approved?
Trastuzumab was approved for medical use in the United States in September 1998, and in the European Union in August 2000. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. A biosimilar was approved in the European Union in November 2017, and in the United States in December 2018.
Why do women need condoms after taking trastuzumab?
This is because of the possibility of harming a developing fetus.
Is trastuzumab available in Australia?
Since October 2006, trastuzumab has been made available for Australian women and men with early-stage breast cancer via the Pharma ceutical Benefits Scheme.
Is trastuzumab expensive?
Debate about treatment duration has become a relevant issue for many public health policy makers because administering trastuzumab for a year is very expensive. Consequently, some countries with a taxpayer-funded public health system, such as New Zealand, chose to fund limited adjuvant therapy.
Does trastuzumab help with metastatic breast cancer?
Trastuzumab has had a "major impact in the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. ". The combination of trastuzumab with chemotherapy has been shown to increase both survival and response rate, in comparison to trastuzumab alone.
What is the name of the drug that matches the cancer cell receptor?
Herceptin is from a group of medicines called monoclonal antibodies, which are sometimes called biological drugs. Herceptin is an antibody that is created to match the cancer cell receptor called HER2, and attaches to it like a key fits a lock.
What is the name of the drug that targets HER2 receptors?
Herceptin is a type of targeted therapy anticancer drug called a monoclonal antibody. Herceptin works by targeting HER2 receptors to fight cancer cell growth.
What is herceptin used for?
Bottom line: Herceptin is a type of targeted therapy anticancer drug called a monoclonal antibody. Herceptin is used to treat cancers that are HER2 positive and is indicated for adjuvant breast cancer , metastatic breast cancer and metastatic gastric cancer. Herceptin works by binding to the HER2 receptor which prevents the number cells ...
How does herceptin work?
Herceptin works by binding to the HER2 receptor which prevents the number cells from multiplying which prevents further cancer growth, and also makes the cancer cells a target so that the immune system will destroy the cancer cell. References. https://www.drugs.com/pro/herceptin.html.
What is the role of HER2 receptors in the cell?
HER2 receptors control how a healthy cell grows, divides, and repairs itself. In some people the HER2 gene is faulty and there ends up being too many HER2 genes - this is called HER2 gene amplification. When there are a lot more HER2 genes, they make too many HER2 receptors - this is called HER2 receptor overexpression.
What is the treatment for tumor removal?
Herceptin is part of a combination treatment plan. Adjuvant treatment is a treatment after tumor removal surgery, so that it destroys any remaining cells that may have been left behind and so helps prevent recurrence.
What is the function of HER2?
HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor2) is a gene that has the code for a protein that is the HER2 receptor. HER2 receptors control how a healthy cell grows , divides, and repairs itself .
Overview
- Trastuzumab is approved to be used alone or with other drugsto treat: 1. Breast cancer that is HER2 positive (HER2+). It is used in patients with: 1.1. Hormone receptor-negative or high-risk cancer. It is given: 1.1.1. As combination therapy with: 1.1.1.1. Doxorubicin hydrochloride, cyclophosphamide, and either paclitaxel or docetaxel; or 1.1.1.2. ...
Medical uses
Adverse effects
Mechanism of action
Trastuzumab, sold under the brand name Herceptin among others, is a monoclonal antibody used to treat breast cancer and stomach cancer. It is specifically used for cancer that is HER2 receptor positive. It may be used by itself or together with other chemotherapy medication. Trastuzumab is given by slow injection into a vein and injection just under the skin.
Predicting response
The safety and efficacy of trastuzumab-containing combination therapies (with chemotherapy, hormone blockers, or lapatinib) for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. The overall hazard ratios (HR) for overall survival and progression free survival were 0.82 and 0.61, respectively. It was difficult to accurately ascertain the true impact of trastuzumab on survival, as in three of the seven trials, over half of the patients in the control arm were allowed to cross-over and receive tr…
Resistance
Some of the common side effects of trastuzumab are flu-like symptoms (such as fever, chills and mild pain), nausea and diarrhea.
One of the more serious complications of trastuzumab is its effect on the heart, although this is rare. In 2-7% of cases, trastuzumab is associated with cardiac dysfunction, which includes congestive heart failure. As a result, regular cardiac screening with either a MUGA scan or echoca…
History
The HER2 gene (also known as HER2/neu and ErbB2 gene) is amplified in 20–30% of early-stage breast cancers. Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting HER2, inducing an immune-mediated response that causes internalization and recycling of HER2. It may also upregulate cell cycle inhibitors such as p21 and p27 .
The HER2 pathway promotes cell growth and division when it is functioning normally; however, …
Society and culture
Trastuzumab inhibits the effects of overexpression of HER2. If the breast cancer does not overexpress HER2, trastuzumab will have no beneficial effect (and may cause harm). Doctors use laboratory tests to discover whether HER2 is overexpressed. In the routine clinical laboratory, the most commonly employed methods for this are immunohistochemistry (IHC) and either silver, chromogenic or fluorescent in situ hybridisation (SISH/CISH/FISH). HER2 amplification can be de…