Lipophilic bacteria are specialized in the degradation of animal and vegetable fats and oils in urban WWTPs and industrial treatment plant. These bacteria are easily adaptable to all current treatment systems.
How are microorganisms being used in waste management?
One of such areas that microorganisms are adopted is in waste management. The proper disposal of the voluminous waste that humans generate in their daily activities is a great challenge that government and environmental agencies are continuously seeking better ways of addressing.
What are the useful roles of bacteria?
There are several useful roles of bacteria in agriculture, medicine, food, and many other industries. Bacteria are ubiquitous due to their ability to evolve and survive in all kinds of environments. It is true that they are the main causative agents for a long list of diseases. But, not all bacteria are harmful.
What is the role of bacteria in the sewage treatment process?
The role of bacteria in the sewage treatment process. One area of sewage treatment that is not well understood is the bacterial decomposition process. Bacteria may be aerobic, anaerobic or facultative. Aerobic bacteria require oxygen for life support whereas anaerobes can sustain life without oxygen.
Which microbes are responsible for the decomposition of waste?
For the decomposition of waste, these microbes secrete different kind of enzymes (Extracellular and Intracellular) which are responsible for the decomposition of waste.
Which type of bacteria can be found in waste materials of a cow?
Bacillus and Clostridium species are spore forming bacteria that are commonly found in cattle manure.
How does animal waste affect the environment?
Animal waste contains two main types of pollutants that harm local waters: nutrients and pathogens. When this waste ends up in water bodies, it decomposes, releasing nutrients that cause excessive growth of algae and weeds. This makes the water murky, green, smelly, and even unusable for swimming, boating, or fishing.
What pathogens are common in poorly treated wastewater where are they the biggest threat?
Where are they the biggest threat? -Pathogens that are common in poorly treated wastewater include cholera and hepatitis. Cholera poses a threat to developing countries, while hepatitis is a continuous concern in the United States.
What does bacteria do to water?
The presence of coliform bacteria, specifically E. coli (a type of coliform bacteria), in drinking water suggests the water may contain pathogens that can cause diarrhea, vomiting, cramps, nausea, headaches, fever, fatigue, and even death sometimes.
How is animal waste treated?
Such products are disposed of through incineration or burial after processing, they can also be treated by shredding and steam sterilization in order to be recycled and ready for certain applications other than animal feed (replacement of fuel oil into biomass, organic fertilizers, composting or methanization).
How does animal waste affect humans?
There are many additional zoonotic diseases that can be transmitted by animal feces, including E. coli infection, cryptosporidiosis, hookworm infection, hydatid disease, yersiniosis, and psittacosis (birds —by inhalation).
How does sewage bacteria affect humans and the natural environment?
In heavily polluted freshwater areas, sewage discharge leads to dangerously low oxygen levels, as bacteria decompose increasing loads of organic matter, and deplete available oxygen. Without enough oxygen, dead zones occur.
How do waste water treatment plants commonly deal with the potential of infectious bacteria in the waste water?
Treatment plants use chlorine or ultraviolet light, or both, to kill microorganisms before discharging effluent to the environment, and although "in general, it's relatively safe," neither method kills all bacteria, Cowles said.
How can wastewater affect humans?
Sewage and wastewater contain bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses that can cause intestinal, lung, and other infections. Bacteria may cause diarrhea, fever, cramps, and sometimes vomiting, headache, weakness, or loss of appetite. Some bacteria and diseases carried by sewage and wastewater are E.
How can bacteria affect human health?
If you consume or come in contact with harmful bacteria, they may reproduce in your body and release toxins that can damage your body's tissues and make you feel ill. Harmful bacteria are called pathogenic bacteria because they cause diseases and illnesses, such as: strep throat. staph infection.
What bacteria are harmful to humans?
Bacteria are behind a number of serious diseases — including pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae), meningitis (Haemophilus influenzae), strep throat (Group A Streptococcus), food poisoning (Escherichia coli and Salmonella),and a variety of other infections.
What bacteria is in dirty water?
Bacteria in water Water experts say the presence of coliform bacteria or worse — fecal coliforms — indicates trouble. Coliform bacteria are found everywhere, and most of the time they aren't harmful. But E. Coli and others that are found only in feces — especially human waste – indicate disease-causing contamination.
Which bacteria are most responsible for the elimination of organic elements and nutrients?
In municipal wastewater treatment plants, for example, gram-negative bacteria of the proteobacteria type are predominant (21-65%) of which Betaproteobacteria is the most abundant class, largely responsible for the elimination of organic elements and nutrients.
What is biological wastewater treatment?
Biological wastewater treatment is the most common sanitation method in the world. This technology uses different types of bacteria and other microorganisms for the treatment and purification of polluted water. Wastewater treatment is as essential to human health as it is to the protection of the environment.
Why is wastewater treatment important?
Wastewater treatment is as essential to human health as it is to the protection of the environment. The use of these bacteria accelerates the process of treating pollution on a small surface: the wastewater treatment plant.
How long does it take for bacteria to colonize the environment?
The colonization of an environment by the needed bacteria and microorganisms necessary for the purification generally lasts between 4 and 8 weeks. Once again, it is the temperature that has the most influence on this growth time.
What is lipophilic bacteria?
Lipophilic bacteria are specialized in the decomposition of animal and vegetable fats and oils in urban WWTPs and industrial treatment plants. These bacteria are easily adaptable to all current treatment systems.
How to solve the presence of undesirable bacteria?
First, the solution consists of extracting as much sludge as possible and increasing aeration. The good bacteria can take several days to recover the environment.
What are the parameters that influence a plant's growth?
First, before we know who they are, we need to understand the parameters that influence their growth. Firstly, geographical location. Secondly, the type of pond in which bacteria will be grown. Thirdly, the characteristics of the wastewater entering the plant.
Why are microorganisms important?
Microorganisms play important roles in the maintenance of many natural and man-made phenomenon in the environment. They serve positive functions that make life easier and better for man. One of such areas that microorganisms are adopted is in waste management. The proper disposal of the voluminous waste that humans generate in their daily ...
What are the processes of biological wastewater treatment?
The biological wastewater treatment processes include bioremediation of wastewater which involves aerobic treatment and anaerobic treatment, phytoremediation of wastewater and mycoremediation of wastewater using technologies such as activated sludge and biofilm systems. On the other hand, the chemical wastewater treatment processes include chemical precipitation, ion exchange, neutralization, adsorption and disinfection. Therefore, this chapter intends to provide a detailed information on the treatment of effluent waste and sewage sludge with respect to its associated microorganisms and transport activities. In a bid to achieve this, this chapter will address the various biological waste treatment processes in relation to the activities or role of microorganisms. Due to the convolute interface interaction between microbes and material surfaces, the critical review will also entail taking a cue from microbial transport in alluvial streams in order to understand the microbial transport in effluent waste (liquid) and sewage sludge (solid).
What is biodegradation of toxic organic contaminants?
Biodegradation of toxic organic contaminants has been documented to involve a large number of bacterial, fungal, and plant microbial enzymes. Biodegradation is a cost-effective biotechnology powered by microbial enzymes. This chapter intends to provide detailed information on the application of microbial enzymes in the bioremediation of heavily polluted environment. Detailed information on the application of microbial enzymes and their modes of action were also provided in detail. Various types of microbial enzymes were also provided in detail. Specific information on high-rate up-flow anaerobic bed reactor and digester wastewater effluents were also highlighted while the process involved in the degradation efficiency in soil washing effluence by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were stated. Techniques involved in the removal of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene in soil washing effluent, the immobilization of specific microorganism and their enzymes with a cross-linking system when investigated using polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, and nano alumina composites.
Can E. coli be contaminated?
In addition, E. coli can contaminate the environment caused by untreated abattoir effluent [12]. Adebayo et al. [13] stated that microorganisms in the environment have different roles such as in sewage, oil treatment, energy generation, oil spillage, and radioactive contamination.
Soil Microbiology and Agriculture
The soil provides a favourable environment for various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. Therefore, these microbes are abundantly and sometimes densely found in the soil. It is estimated that there are almost one to ten million microorganisms per gram of soil.
Role of Bacteria in the Agriculture Field
Microbes, especially bacteria, play a very important role in the agricultural field. Some of the important roles of bacteria in the agriculture field are given below:
Bacterial Products used in Agriculture
In modern agriculture, the utilisation of microbes as natural fertilisers is very common. The harmful impacts and high cost of chemical fertilisers are making them unfit to use. The agricultural productivity of the soil can also be improved by microbes found in the ground soil.
Summary
The science of all these microorganisms present in air, soil, water is also called microbiology. Soil microbiology is one of the branches of microbiology. In soil microbiology, we study the interactions between the multiple factors responsible for various soil types in a particular place.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Useful Role of Bacteria in Agriculture
Q.1. What is the useful role of bacteria? Ans: Bacterias are useful to humankind in many ways. They are useful in agriculture, production of vitamins, medicines, and production of antibiotics, serums and vaccines, etc.
Microbial Biofilms
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Abstract
Biological wastewater treatment systems play an important role in improving water quality and human health. This chapter thus briefly discusses different biological methods, specially biofilm technologies, the development of biofilms on different filter media, factors affecting their development as well as their structure and function.
1. Introduction
Water is a basic necessity, but its availability for human use is hardly about 1%. Current global water crises are due to a rapid increase in population, climatic variation, environmental pollution, urbanization, industrialization and contamination of existing water reservoirs.
2. Types of biological wastewater treatment systems
There are a number of wastewater treatment processes based on the physical and chemical removal of contaminants. These processes offer varying degrees of effectiveness in addition to presenting environmental and economic disadvantages. However, biological wastewater treatment technologies have been gaining much attention in recent years.
3. Biofilm development: structure and function
Stages of biofilm development [ 20 ]: (1) initial attachment; (2) irreversible attachment; (3) replication; (4) maturation and (5) dispersion.
4. Biofilm in wastewater treatment
Biofilm system is a well-developed technology in which solid media are added to suspended growth reactors to provide attachment surfaces for biofilms, so as to increase the microbial concentration as well as rates of contaminant degradation biofilms to take advantage of a number of removal mechanisms, including biodegradation, bioaccumulation, biosorption and biomineralization [ 8 ].
5. Biofilm development on different filter media
Packing or filter medium is the basic unit of attached growth wastewater treating technologies. It provides a surface for the growth of the biofilm. The filter medium needs to be durable, insoluble and resistant to chemicals. Its selection is based on size, porosity, density as well as resistance to erosion and chemicals [ 38 ].
Abstract
Humans can be exposed to pathogens from poorly managed animal feces, particularly in communities where animals live in close proximity to humans.
Introduction
Nearly two-thirds of human pathogens and three-quarters of emerging pathogens are zoonotic in origin.
Materials and Methods
To assess the impacts of animal feces on human health, we searched for papers with terms for “animals, feces, exposure, and humans” ( Supporting Information (SI) 1, p. 2 ). The search was limited to English- and Spanish-language studies and included papers published before October 3, 2016.
Results & Discussion
Our search yielded 12 425 unique results, of which the full texts of 329 articles were reviewed. A total of 62 publications met the inclusion criteria ( SI Figure S1 ). Characteristics of publications included in this review are summarized in Table 1 (regions, health outcomes, and animals) and Table 2 (pathogens).
Pathways of Exposure to Animal Feces
The means of characterizing exposure to animals and animal feces varied considerably in the literature we reviewed.
Interventions Limiting Exposure to Animal Feces
We adapted the traditional F-diagram to show pathways of human exposure to animal feces and assessed potential interventions along those pathways ( Figure Figure4 4 ).
Limitations
We included all studies that meet the inclusion criteria regardless of methodological rigor. A majority of the publications are cross-sectional studies, making it difficult to assess the causal attribution of exposure to animal feces on human health.
