Some of the main objectives of the water treatment process are:
- To reduce the impurities to a certain level that does not cause harm to human health.
- To reduce the objectionable colour, odour, turbidity and hardness.
- To make water safe for drinking.
- To eliminate the corrosive nature of water affecting the pipe.
- To make it suitable for a wide variety of industrial purposes such as steam generation, drying, etc.
What are the 5 stages of water treatment?
Water Treatment Process: Follow Water Through a Surface Water Treatment Plant
- Coagulation. ...
- Flocculation. ...
- Sedimentation (or Clarification) The water continues on to the sedimentation basin, or clarifier, after the flocs have been formed. ...
- Filtration. ...
- Disinfection. ...
- Chlorination Operations. ...
- Conclusion. ...
What is the purpose of a water treatment plant?
Water treatment
- Drinking water treatment. Water contamination is primarily caused by the discharge of untreated wastewater from enterprises. ...
- Heavy Metals. ...
- Water Treatment Technologies. ...
- Standards. ...
- Industrial water treatment. ...
- Developing countries. ...
- Regulation. ...
- See also
- References. ...
- Further reading. ...
What are the steps in the water treatment process?
What are the main treatment steps in a water treatment plant to treat river water?
- Coagulation.
- Coagulation-Flocculation.
- Flocculation.
What are the components of a water treatment plant?
What are the components of a water treatment plant?
- Raw water source ( River, lake, impounding reservoir, canal)
- Intake well
- Jackwell
- Raw water pumping system
- Raw water conveyance system to Water treatment plant
- Cascade areator
- Parshel flume
- Alum mixer
- Intake channels
- Carifier
What is the main purpose of water treatment?
Water treatment is a process involving different types of operations (physical, chemical, physicochemical and biological), the aim of which is to eliminate and/or reduce contamination or non-desirable characteristics of water.
What is the purpose of a sewage treatment facility?
The purpose of a sewage treatment plant is to treat the wastewater as thoroughly as practically possible – and, even though such plants can often deal with more waste than a septic tank, they will still need emptying from time to time.
What is the difference between water treatment and wastewater treatment?
Water treatment is done to water before it is sent to a community, while wastewater treatment is done to water that has been used by the community. Water treatment has higher standards for pollution control because it is assumed that any drop of distributed water could be consumed by a person.
What is water treatment?
Water treatment is the process of improving the quality of water by passing it through various processes. It includes the removal of suspended solids and other harmful chemicals so that it is safe for applications or for reintroducing it back to the ecological system. Water Treatment plant Skyview.
Why is water treatment important?
Water treatment is important to earth because the availability of fresh water is limited in the earth and the demand is high.
How does water treatment plant work?
A water treatment plant is installed away from the source of water to remove the impurities and make it safe for human application.
What is wastewater treatment plant?
The wastewater treatment plant is the common form of treating and removing impurities from wastewater from households and industries. On the other hand, desalination refers to the treatment of saline water which includes processes like distillation and reverses osmosis. Distillation is basically a process of treating the saline water ...
What is distillation in water?
Distillation is basically a process of treating the saline water of oceans and seas to make it fit for human consumption. “Globally, only 20 Percent of wastewater produced receive proper treatment”. (UNESCO 2012).
How does water purification help the water cycle?
It helps to balance the water cycle by maintaining groundwater and surface water. The water purified at the treatment plants can be used for various purposes like drinking, households use, industrial application, agriculture, and irrigation purposes, etc.
What has led to the introduction of harmful chemicals and hazardous substances in the water system?
The ever-increasing pollution has led to the introduction of harmful chemicals and hazardous substances in the water system.
Why do people use water treatment units?
Even though EPA regulates and sets standards for public drinking water, many Americans use a home water treatment unit to: Remove specific contaminants. Take extra precautions because a household member has a compromised immune system. Improve the taste of drinking water.
How does a water treatment unit work?
Even though EPA regulates and sets standards for public drinking water, many Americans use a home water treatment unit to: 1 Remove specific contaminants 2 Take extra precautions because a household member has a compromised immune system 3 Improve the taste of drinking water
What is the process of boiled water?
Distillation is a process in which impure water is boiled and the steam is collected and condensed in a separate container, leaving many of the solid contaminants behind. Disinfection. Disinfection is a physical or chemical process in which pathogenic microorganisms are deactivated or killed.
What are the steps of water treatment?
Today, the most common steps in water treatment used by community water systems (mainly surface water treatment) include: Coagulation and flocculation are often the first steps in water treatment. Chemicals with a positive charge are added to the water.
What is a water softener?
Water Softeners. A water softener is a device that reduces the hardness of the water. A water softener typically uses sodium or potassium ions to replace calcium and magnesium ions, the ions that create “hardness.”. Distillation Systems.
What is the most common type of water treatment system?
The most common types of household water treatment systems consist of: Filtration Systems. A water filter is a device which removes impurities from water by means of a physical barrier, chemical, and/or biological process. Water Softeners. A water softener is a device that reduces the hardness of the water.
Why is chlorine added to water?
After the water has been filtered, a disinfectant (for example, chlorine, chloramine) may be added in order to kill any remaining parasites, bacteria, and viruses, and to protect the water from germs when it is piped to homes and businesses.
How a drinking water treatment plant works
Water has always been indispensable. We drink it, wash with it, give it to our animals, plants and garden, and use increasing amounts in a range of industries. A water treatment plant puts natural processes to work to remove harmful or unhealthy materials to make water safe to use and drink.
Primary treatment stage
Most water treatment plants have two stages: primary and secondary. The primary stage removes large solid objects from the water. A screen keeps large floating objects from getting into the water supply: logs and sticks, rags, garbage or other debris that can be floating or suspended in the water.
Why treat water?
The reason for treating water in the first place is to remove traces of bacteria, viruses, dirt, chemicals, and biological compounds from water and make it safe for drinking and carrying out other activities. It can be almost impossible to remove the traces of these contaminants from the water completely.
How much water is removed from a water treatment system?
However, most standard water treatment systems are designed to remove up to 99.9% of these substances. This way water does not contain more than the acceptable amount of these substances. You must utilize pure filtered or softened water for better health.
How to purify water?
If you live in an area where these diseases are a risk, you can purify your water using the reverse osmosis method. Here, a membrane is used to separate water at different concentrations. These pores on the membrane are small enough to prevent viruses and bacteria from passing through. Reverse osmosis water purification is also helpful when it comes to removing chemical contaminants like lead, chloride, and sodium from the water.
Why is desalination important?
Since saline water is of no important use and is available in abundance on earth, desalination can help solve the issue of water scarcity in the world. Lastly, another major importance of water treatment is that it helps fulfill the ever-increasing demand for clean and potable water. Treated water is used for drinking, agriculture, irrigation, ...
Why is water purification important?
Clean water is a necessity for every human and with the help of water purification systems you can ensure that the water that you use is safe, clean, and free from disease-carrying organisms.
What is hard water?
Hard Water contains an excessive amount of calcium and magnesium. Water can be softened by using a water softener or descaler.
Is municipal water infallible?
Although in some industrialized countries, municipal water undergoes a standard treatment process. However, this process is not infallible. There is still a chance that the residues from certain chemicals find their way into the tap water and it contaminates it again.
What are water treatment facilities?
Additional information on water treating facilities can be found in: 1 Water treating chemicals 2 Materials for water treating equipment 3 Removing hydrocarbons from water 4 Removing solids from water 5 Surface water treatment for injection 6 Facilities for steam generation
What is water treatment?
Water treating facilities. Water sources are treated for disposal, injection as a liquid, or injection as steam with three types of facilities. Produced water is treated in offshore operations for overboard disposal or injection into a disposal well.
What is steam injection?
Steam injection, known as a steamflood, will reduce the viscosity of oil and further enhance the oil recovery. In offshore areas, governing regulations specify the maximum hydrocarbon and solids content in the water allowed in overboard discharges.
What is surface water?
surface water: fresh (river or lake) and saline (seawater) sources. Water sources are treated for disposal, injection as a liquid, or injection as steam with three types of facilities. Produced water is treated in offshore operations for overboard disposal or injection into a disposal well, but when onshore, it is treated for:
Why inject water into oil formation?
In oil producing operations, it is often desirable to inject water or steam into the formation to improve oil recovery. Water injection for this purpose is called a waterflood; when properly implemented, it will maintain reservoir pressure and significantly improve the oil recovery vs. primary production.
Is surface water treated offshore?
Surface water is treated offshore for liquid injection and onshore for liquid- or steam-injection purposes. In all instances, the surface water must be cleaned of dispersed and dissolved solids to a level suitable for reservoir or steam-generation purposes.
What is the purpose of the Surface Water Treatment Rule?
The goal of the SWTR is to reduce illnesses related to pathogens in drinking water. These pathogens include coliform, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium .
What are the steps of water treatment?
The water treatment process to deliver safe and wholesome water to customers includes many steps. Coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection are the water treatment processes that make up a conventional surface water treatment plant. These water treatment processes ensure that the water consumers receive is safe to drink and aesthetically pleasing.
How do clarifiers work?
The large flocs will settle out of suspension via gravity. Clarifiers can remove a very large percentage of the suspended materials in water. In some plants, clarifiers remove as much as 90% of the suspended solids load. Particles that do not settle will be removed by filtration in the next treatment step.
Why is filter loading rate important?
The filter loading rate is a critical parameter in the operation of the treatment plant because it determines the water velocity through the filter and the filter run times. Filter run time is the length of time that a filter can be in production before it has to be backwashed.
How does water temperature affect coagulation?
Water temperature also impacts the coagulation process because it effects the viscosity of water. Both alum and ferric salts form flocs at a slower rate as the water temperature decreases.
Why is a coagulant injected into water?
A coagulant chemical is injected to neutralize these small negative charges and then the water is rapidly mixed. The rapid mixing disperses the coagulant and also increases the interaction of these small particles.
What is the process of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration?
The water treatment process of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration remove the pathogens. The disinfection water treatment process inactivates them. The small particles in water may consist of silt and clay, color bodies, precipitated iron or manganese oxides, and even bacteria and algae. Together, these particles make the water ...
Why is wastewater treatment important?
The most appropriate wastewater treatment system will help the facility avoid harming the environment, human health, and a facility’s equipment, process or products (especially if the wastewater is being reused). It will also help the facility curb heavy fines and possible legal action if wastewater is being improperly discharged to either the environment or publicly owned treatment works. The relative complexity of a wastewater treatment system will depend heavily upon the compliance regulations impacting your plant and the composition of your waste stream.
What is an industrial water treatment system?
An industrial water treatment system treats water so it is more appropriate for a given use, whether for consumption, manufacturing, or even disposal. That said, each system will vary depending on the facility’s needs and many of the technologies that make up these systems can be similar. In general, some of the most-needed industrial water treatment systems typically include:
What is boiler feed water treatment?
Boiler feed water treatment systems are used to protect boiler unit components and piping from damage due to certain contaminants present in the boiler and/or makeup feeds. These contaminants may include dissolved solids, suspended solids, and organic material, such as iron, copper, silica, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, hardness, and dissolved gases. Without proper treatment, boiler feed water can cause scaling, corrosion, and fouling of the boiler and downstream equipment, which can result in costly plant downtime, expensive maintenance fees, increased fuel consumption and boiler failure.
What happens if you don't treat boiler feed water?
Without proper treatment, boiler feed water can cause scaling, corrosion, and fouling of the boiler and downstream equipment, which can result in costly plant downtime, expensive maintenance fees, increased fuel consumption and boiler failure.
What is raw water treatment?
Often, raw water treatment is focused on protecting downstream equipment from scaling, fouling, corrosion, and other forms of damage or premature wear due to contaminants present in the source water.
What is the process of removing suspended solids from a solution?
Clarification . The water then continues for clarification, which is a multistep process used to remove suspended solids from a solution. Clarification begins with coagulation, where chemical and/or pH adjustments cause particles to begin clumping together, followed by flocculation, which involves physical agitation to encourage formation of larger particles. Then comes a sedimentation step, where the stream flows to a gravity settler that allows solids to settle to the bottom in what is known as a sludge blanket. Finally, the stream is filtered through a gravity sand filter to trap any small particles that did not settle out.
How does a raw water treatment system work?
Nonetheless, the following steps demonstrate how a raw water treatment system will usually work: Intake. Raw water is drawn into a plant through gravity and/or pumps. The water is usually passed through a metal grate or mesh screen to prevent large objects from entering the system. Clarification.
