What is the priority treatment in GI bleeding?
The priority, following emergency hospital admission, is to support the circulation of the shocked patient rather than to identify the source of bleeding. After resuscitation the patient can have an endoscopy procedure.
How do you manage a patient with upper GI bleeding?
Acid suppression — Patients admitted to the hospital with acute upper GI bleeding are typically treated with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). The optimal approach to PPI administration prior to endoscopy is unclear. Options include giving an IV PPI every 12 hours or starting a continuous infusion.
What are the purposes of colonoscopy for patients with GI bleeding?
It is recommended by the American College of Radiology that colonoscopy be utilized as the initial modality in hemodynamically stable patients (allowing for adequate bowel preparation) and angiography in those are who are hemodynamically unstable with massive lower GI bleeding[53].
How do PPIs prevent bleeding?
Infusion with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) prevents recurrent bleeding after successful endoscopic therapy. A gastric acidic environment of less than pH 5.4 alters coagulation function and activates pepsin to disaggregate platelet plugs. Gastric acid is secreted by H+, K+-ATPase, naming the proton pump.
What are the nursing diagnosis for GI bleed?
GI Bleed Nursing Care Plan 1Nursing Interventions for GI BleedRationalesAssess vital signs, particularly blood pressure level.Hypovolemia due to GI bleeding may lower blood pressure levels and put the patient at risk for hypotensive episodes that lead to shock.4 more rows•Apr 27, 2021
What is the difference between upper GI bleeding and lower GI bleeding?
If bleeding occurs in your esophagus, stomach, or initial part of the small intestine (duodenum), it's considered upper GI bleeding. Bleeding in the lower small intestine, large intestine, rectum, or anus is called lower GI bleeding.
How is upper GI bleeding diagnosed?
An endoscopy procedure may help your doctor see if and where you have GI bleeding and the bleeding's cause. Doctors most often use upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopy to test for acute GI bleeding in the upper and lower GI tracts. Upper GI endoscopy.
What are the causes of upper GI bleeding?
Potential causes of bleeding in the upper GI tract include:Bleeding peptic ulcers. Peptic, or stomach, ulcers may be due to a Helicobacter pylori infection or overuse of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). ... Varices. ... Growths. ... Esophagitis. ... Injury or tear. ... Surgery. ... Diverticulitis. ... Hemorrhoid.More items...•