What are NHT contributions and how do they work?
Commonly referred to as NHT, the Act was developed to collect money from the workforce. The collections are known as NHT contributions and are payable by anyone working in Jamaica, whether a Jamaican citizen or simply living and working in Jamaica.
What is NHT (National Housing Trust Act)?
NHT is the National Housing Trust Act, in this Tax guide we look at the National Housing Trust Act (NHT) and how it affects your tax. NHT Overview. In 1979 the National Housing Trust Act was introduced and subsequently supported by Act 23 of 2005. Commonly referred to as NHT, the Act was developed to collect money from the workforce.
What are the tax implications of NHT mortgages?
If an NHT Mortgagor, any contribution arrears payments will be deducted from mortgage payments as per the mortgage deed. Employers use the Annual Return to account for the statutory contributions paid by Employer and Employees.
What is the best treatment for non Hodgkin lymphoma?
Depending on the type and stage (extent) of the lymphoma and other factors, treatment options for people with NHL might include: Chemotherapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Immunotherapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Targeted Therapy Drugs for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Radiation Therapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.
What is the best radiation treatment for prostate cancer?
IMRT, an advanced form of 3D-CRT therapy, is the most common type of external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer. It uses a computer-driven machine that moves around the patient as it delivers radiation.
How effective is radiation and hormone therapy for prostate cancer?
The data show that after 20 years, men who got the long-term treatment had a 40% lower risk of the cancer spreading and a 33% lower risk of dying from prostate cancer than the men who were given hormonal therapy for just four months.
What is the success rate of radiation therapy for prostate cancer?
Radiation Therapy: Effective for Prostate Cancer Men with localised prostate cancer who are treated with external-beam radiation therapy have a cure rate of 95.5% for intermediate-risk prostate cancer and 91.3% for high-risk prostate cancer. The 5-year survival rate using this treatment is 98.8% overall.
How long does it take for hormone therapy for prostate cancer to work?
Researchers found that adding just six months of hormone therapy to radiation allowed the men to live longer. Researchers are also studying the effects of hormone therapy earlier in treatment, for instance right after or even before surgery.
Does prostate cancer come back after radiation treatment?
Prostate cancer can come back, even after you've had treatment and your doctor declared you cancer-free. Prostate cancer that returns after treatment is called recurrent prostate cancer. Prostate cancer returns for a couple of reasons: Some cancer cells were left behind after surgery or radiation therapy.
What is the life expectancy after prostate radiation?
Based on the natural history of localized prostate cancer, the life expectancy (LE) of men treated with either radical prostatectomy (RP) or definitive external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) should exceed 10 years.
Is radiation better than surgery for prostate cancer?
Both radiation and surgery are equally effective treatments to cure prostate cancer." The choice of which treatment is best is up to individual patients and their care teams, Dr. King says. "Make sure you talk with a surgeon and a radiation oncologist before you make your decision.
Do tumors grow back after radiation?
Normal cells close to the cancer can also become damaged by radiation, but most recover and go back to working normally. If radiotherapy doesn't kill all of the cancer cells, they will regrow at some point in the future.
What are the disadvantages of radiation therapy?
Radiation therapy aimed at a person's head or neck may cause these side effects:Dry mouth.Mouth and gum sores.Difficulty swallowing.Stiffness in the jaw.Nausea.Hair loss.A type of swelling called lymphedema.Tooth decay.
How many times can you have hormone treatment for prostate cancer?
Hormone therapy can help shrink the prostate and any cancer that has spread, and make the treatment more effective. You may be offered hormone therapy for up to six months before radiotherapy. And you may continue to have hormone therapy during and after your radiotherapy, for up to three years.
What is life expectancy for hormone cancer for prostate?
Historically, all these patients on hormone therapy develop hormone resistance after an average of 18 to 24 months[2] and their prognosis has been stated to be dismal with a median survival of 12 to 18 months.
Is hormone therapy better than chemotherapy?
Contrary to the commonly held view, 2 years after diagnosis, hormone therapy, a highly effective breast cancer treatment worsens quality of life to a greater extent and for a longer time, especially in menopausal patients. The deleterious effects of chemotherapy are more transient.
How is non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated?
Depending on the type and stage (extent) of the lymphoma and other factors , treatment options for people with NHL might include:
Who are the specialists on a treatment team?
You might have many other specialists on your treatment team as well, including physician assistants, nurse practitioners, nurses, nutrition specialists, social workers, and other health professionals.
What is the best treatment for lymphoma?
Depending on the type and stage (extent) of the lymphoma and other factors, treatment options for people with NHL might include: 1 Chemotherapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 2 Immunotherapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 3 Targeted Therapy Drugs for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 4 Radiation Therapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 5 High-Dose Chemotherapy and Stem Cell Transplant for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 6 Surgery for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
What kind of doctor treats lymphoma?
Based on your treatment options, you may have different types of doctors on your treatment team. These doctors could include: A medical oncologist or hematologist: a doctor who treats lymphoma with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. A radiation oncologist: a doctor who treats cancer with radiation therapy.
Why do we do clinical trials?
Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures . Clinical trials are one way to get state-of-the art cancer treatment. In some cases they may be the only way to get access to newer treatments. They are also the best way for doctors to learn better methods to treat cancer. Still, they're not right for everyone.
Is treatment information given here official policy of the American Cancer Society?
The treatment information given here is not official policy of the American Cancer Society and is not intended as medical advice to replace the expertise and judgment of your cancer care team. It is intended to help you and your family make informed decisions, together with your doctor.
What can be done to reduce the side effects of hormone therapy for prostate cancer?
Men who lose bone mass during long-term hormone therapy may be prescribed drugs to slow or reverse this loss. The drugs zoledronic acid (Zometa) and alendronate (Fosamax) (both of which belong to a class of drugs called bisphosphonates) can be used to increase bone mineral density in men who are undergoing hormone therapy ( 29, 30 ), as can a newer drug, denosumab (Prolia), which increases bone mass through a different mechanism ( 31 ). However, drugs to treat bone loss are associated with a rare but serious side effect called osteonecrosis of the jaw ( 20 ).
What types of hormone therapy are used for prostate cancer?
Hormone therapy for prostate cancer can block the production or use of androgens ( 4 ). Currently available treatments can do so in several ways:
How is hormone therapy used to treat hormone-sensitive prostate cancer?
Hormone therapy may be used in several ways to treat hormone-sensitive prostate cancer , including:
What is intermittent ADT?
With intermittent androgen deprivation, hormone therapy is given in cycles with breaks between drug administrations, rather than continuously. An additional potential benefit of this approach is that the temporary break from the side effects of hormone therapy may improve a man’s quality of life.
What does LHRH do to the testicles?
LHRH agonists, like the body’s own LHRH, initially stimulate the production of luteinizing hormone. However, the continued presence of high levels of LHRH agonists actually causes the pituitary gland to stop producing luteinizing hormone. As a result, the testicles are not stimulated to produce androgens.
What is the procedure to remove testicles?
This form of hormone therapy (also called androgen deprivation therapy, or ADT) includes: Orchiectomy, a surgical procedure to remove one or both testicles. Removal of the testicles, called surgical castration , can reduce the level of testosterone in the blood by 90% to 95% ( 5 ).
Can ADT be used alone?
ADT used alone was for many years the standard treatment for men who are found to have metastatic disease (i.e., disease that has spread to other parts of the body) when their prostate cancer is first diagnosed ( 8 ). More recently, clinical trials have shown that such men survive longer when treated with ADT plus another type of hormone therapy ( abiraterone / prednisone, enzalutamide, or apalutamide) than when treated with ADT alone ( 9 – 17 ).
