The wastewater treatment process includes the utilization of NaOH for the removal of heavy metals and to adjust water acidity. The most important role of NaOH is to provide the alkalinity above 9. It can enhance the pH to avoid corrosion. An increase in water pH leads to a decrease in the solubility of metals such as lead and copper.
Full Answer
What is sodium hydroxide used for in water treatment?
Sodium Hydroxide in Water Treatment. Municipal water treatment facilities use sodium hydroxide to control water acidity and to help remove heavy metals from water. Sodium hydroxide is also used to produce sodium hypochlorite, a water disinfectant.
What is sodium hydroxide (NaOH)?
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as caustic soda or lye, is a highly versatile substance used in a variety of manufacturing processes. Sodium hydroxide is a co-product of chlorine production. Most Viewed Latest Content.
What is soda ash used for in water treatment?
This treatment method is used if water is acidic (low pH). Soda ash (sodium carbonate) and sodium hydroxide raise the pH of water to near neutral when injected into a water system. Unlike neutralizing filters, they do not cause hardness problems in treated water.
Is NaOH a caustic soda?
Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a convenient, controllable and commonly available chemical, but expensive. It is generally used for small or occasional application or where limitation of sludge deposits is sought.
What is ammonia solution used for?
Ammonia is also used as a refrigerant gas, for purification of water supplies, and in the manufacture of plastics, explosives, textiles, pesticides, dyes and other chemicals. It is found in many household and industrial-strength cleaning solutions.
What does ammonium hydroxide do?
Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) is a solution of ammonia in water. Commonly called ammonia or ammonia water, the chemical is used as a cleanser and in manufacturing plastics, rubber, fertilizer and textiles.
What happens when ammonia is mixed with water?
The dissolving of ammonia in water forms a basic solution. A small amount of the dissolved ammonia reacts with water to form ammonium hydroxide, which dissociates into ammonium and hydroxide ions. All of these processes are reversible. For both reactions, heating the system favors the reverse direction.
What is the difference between ammonia and ammonium hydroxide?
Ammonium hydroxide is household ammonia in water. One of their major differences is that ammonia does not have water content while ammonium hydroxide has water. Ammonium hydroxide has water that is why the other terms for it is ammonia with water, ammonia liquor etc.
What is another name for ammonium hydroxide?
ammonia solutionammonium hydroxide, also called ammonia solution, ammonia water, aqueous ammonia, or aqua ammonia, solution of ammonia gas in water, a common commercial form of ammonia. It is a colourless liquid with a strong characteristic odour.
What is ammonia in water?
Ammonia in Drinking Water Ammonia is a colorless, pungent gaseous compound of hydrogen and nitrogen that is highly soluble in water. It is a biologically active compound found in most waters as a normal biological degradation product of nitrogenous organic matter (protein).
What's the pH of ammonia?
11-13Ammonia: pH 11-13.
How much ammonia is safe in drinking water?
0.25 to 32.5 mg/lDRINKING WATER STANDARDS The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has not established a maximum contaminant level (MCL) for ammonia in drinking water. Environmental limits for ammonia in surface water in the US range from 0.25 to 32.5 mg/l (ppm).
Is ammonia acidic or alkaline?
Ammonia is a weak base with a standard pH level of about 11.
Is ammonia hydroxide safe?
contact can severely irritate and burn the skin and eyes leading to eye damage. ► Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose and throat. ► Inhaling Ammonium Hydroxide can irritate the lungs. Higher exposures may cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency.
Does ammonium hydroxide dissolve in water?
Ammonium hydroxide is an inorganic herbicide, fungicide and microbiocide.It is non-volatile and highly soluble in water.
How do you dilute ammonium hydroxide?
Dilute commercial concentrated ammonium hydroxide with water to a concentration of your choice. for this you must be dilute commercial concentrated ammonium hydroxide with distilled water to a concentration as per your requirement.
Sodium Hydroxide in Cleaning & Disinfectant Products
Sodium hydroxide is used to manufacture soaps and a variety of detergents used in homes and commercial applications. Chlorine bleach is produced by...
Sodium Hydroxide in Pharmaceuticals & Medicine
Sodium hydroxide is used to help manufacture a variety of medicines and pharmaceutical products, from common pain relievers like aspirin, to antico...
Sodium Hydroxide in Energy
In the energy sector, sodium hydroxide is used in fuel cell production. Fuel cells work like batteries to cleanly and efficiently produce electrici...
Sodium Hydroxide in Water Treatment
Municipal water treatment facilities use sodium hydroxide to control water acidity and to help remove heavy metals from water. Sodium hydroxide is...
Sodium Hydroxide in Food Production
Sodium hydroxide is used in several food processing applications, such as curing foods like olives or helping to brown Bavarian-style pretzels, giv...
Sodium Hydroxide in Wood & Paper Products
In many paper making processes, wood is treated with a solution containing sodium sulfide and sodium hydroxide. This helps dissolve most of the unw...
Sodium Hydroxide in Aluminum Ore Processing
Sodium hydroxide is used to extract alumina from naturally occurring minerals. Alumina is used to make aluminum and a variety of products including...
Sodium Hydroxide in Other Industrial Manufacturing Uses
Sodium hydroxide is used in many other industrial and manufacturing processes. It is used to manufacture rayon, spandex, explosives, epoxy resins,...
Does Bell Chem use caustic soda?
Bell Chem, your water treatment chemical supplier, keeps abundant supplies of caustic soda on hand for your treatment needs. Read below to learn how sodium hydroxide can benefit your water treatment plant. When water is “hard,” it causes corrosion. Hard water has an abundance of dissolved magnesium and calcium.
Does caustic soda help with water flow?
Caustic soda sequesters and saponifies grease and oils, helping clear lines and increase water flow, and it has been proven that treating water with caustic soda does not require as much maintenance as when other pH adjustors are added.
Does caustic soda reduce lead?
Decreases Dangerous Metals. Caustic soda decreases the solubility of dangerous metals, such as lead and copper. In their insoluble state, these metals are both heavy and bulky, giving them a greater likelihood of being caught in a filtration system or falling to the bottom of a tank to be gathered. Corrosion Inhibitor.
Does caustic soda inhibit corrosion?
Unlike other additives that release calcium carbonate as a by-product of sequestration, caustic soda acts as a corrosion inhibitor without the uneven distribution of calcium carbonate. Although calcium carbonate adheres to the walls of pipes, giving them a level of protection against caustic chemicals, ...
What acid is used to lower pH?
Citric acid and alum can be used instead, although they are more expensive. Weak solutions of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid also lower pH but these are more hazardous and require special handling. They are recommended, however, if the pH of untreated water is 11 or higher.
What does acid injection do to water?
Acid injection treats water with a high pH by lowering the pH of water to around 7, which eliminates the soda taste and can improve the effectiveness of chlorination. This method also reduces the potential of pipe corrosion as water with a pH above 9 can corrode metals such as brass, copper, zinc, aluminum and iron.
How does soda ash work?
How soda ash/sodium hydroxide injection works. This treatment method is used if water is acidic (low pH). Soda ash (sodium carbonate) and sodium hydroxide raise the pH of water to near neutral when injected into a water system. Unlike neutralizing filters, they do not cause hardness problems in treated water.
How does a neutralizing filter work?
How neutralizing filters work. A neutralizing filter is used if drinking water is acidic (low pH). It is a simple treatment device that raises the pH of water by adding a neutralizing material. However, it should be noted that the neutralization process may increase water hardness.
What happens if you drink water with a pH of 7?
Water with a value greater than 7 indicates alkalinity and tends to affect the taste of the water. Alkaline drinking water may take on a “soda” taste. Corrosion problems also can occur in plumbing.
What happens if water is acidic?
The pH can also be affected by acid rain. Water with a pH value less than 7 is acidic and tends to be corrosive. Acidic water (low pH) can leach metals from plumbing systems, which can cause pipes to leak. Metals that leach from the pipes (lead from lead pipes or copper from copper pipes) may also cause health problems.
What is the pH of water?
pH is an indicator of the acid or alkaline condition of water. The pH scale ranges from 0-14; 7 indicates the neutral point. The normal pH range of drinking water is 6 – 8.5. The pH is mostly a result of natural geological conditions at the site and the type of minerals found in the local rock. The pH can also be affected by acid rain.
What is the first chemical in wastewater treatment?
Aluminum Sulfate. The first chemical in wastewater treatment plant is aluminum sulfate. Aluminum sulfate in wastewater plant acts as purifier of the wastewater. The chemical itself is soluble and easily reacts to the chemicals in wastewater. As a result, it produces protein antigens that break insoluble and hazardous chemicals.
What chemicals lower pH?
While some chemicals work to elevate ph level, there are also chemicals to lower it. One of them is hydrochloric acid. While the chemical has many uses in industry, it also works for wastewater treatment. Its function is to lower the ph of the wastewater.
What is the function of polymer in wastewater treatment?
The function of polymer is to coagulate any solids dirts and work in diluted water in order to free these materials from suspension. In order to use polymer in wastewater treatment, people need to dilute polymer with water with a concentration around 0,5 percent.
What is polyaluminum choride?
Polyaluminum choride is a chemical belongs to chloride class. The common function of polyaluminum cloride is as coagulant in waste management as well as water purification. Moreover, it also helps reduce chemical sludge, higher ph and clearer water.
What is the most important element in water purification?
Also read: Harmful Effects of Oxidizing Chemicals for Environmental Health. Sodium Aluminate. The next chemical used in wastewater treatment plant is sodium aluminate. Sodium aluminate is a chemical belongs to inorganic compound.
What is wastewater treatment plant?
Wastewater treatment plant itself is a process of removing waste and dirts. This also works as a system to offer soluble and environmentally result of industrial waste. The contaminants in the sewage are removed and in turn produced safer wastewater for the environment. In order to do so, this treatment needs some chemicals as listed in the list ...
What can lower the pH in water?
If the ph is higher, people can use hydrochloric acid as one of the compounds to lower the ph in water.
What chemicals are used to raise pH in wastewater?
Certain basic or alkaline chemicals used to raise wastewater pH are below: CaO (calcium oxide or lime), MgO (magnesium oxide), Ca (OH) (calcium hydroxide, a hydrated form of lime) or Mg (OH) (magnesium hydroxide) are the most commonly used chemicals because of availability, low cost, and high capacity.
What is a coagulant in wastewater treatment?
Coagulant chemicals are used in wastewater treatment to adjust pH and begin coagulating solids in the wastewater. Selecting chemicals to coagulant solids in the wastewater requires considering the chemical makeup of the wastewater.
What is pH adjustment?
A definition of pH is an expression of the intensity of the basic or acidic condition of wastewater. Mathematically, pH is the logarithm (base 10) of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion activity.
Is Caustic soda anhydrous?
Caustic soda is also available in an anhydrous or dry state (solid, flake, ground, or powdered) at 100 percent concentration. In the dilution process, considerable heat is generated. Therefore, the rate of dilution and method of cooling must be carefully controlled so that there is no boiling or splattering.
Is Caustic Soda diluted?
Therefore, it must be properly stored or diluted prior to use.
Oxygen Scavengers
Oxygen scavengers are designed specifically to reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen and oxides in the water. If you use a DO sensor and find that the amount of dissolved oxygen in your boiler water is too high, oxygen scavengers like hydrazine and sodium sulphite can effectively reduce both DO and oxides for purer water.
Alkalinity Builders
Alkalinity builders are designed specifically to raise the pH level of the water that they are placed in. For steam boilers, it’s essential that pH levels remain high in order to prevent corrosion, minimize the amount of silica plating in a high-pressure boiler, and maintain proper efficiency of the boiler.
Amines
Amines are neutralizing chemicals that are able to keep the condensate pipe on a boiler from corroding. Condensate water from a steam boiler can be highly corrosive to piping, which can damage your boiler and cause you to make expensive repairs to fix the issue.
Anti-Scaling Agents
Anti-scaling agents are used to enhance the dispersive properties of any conditioning products that are being used in your boiler water. An anti-scaling agent is typically comprised of a blend of polymers and phosphates. These anti-scaling agents are available as either natural or synthetic chemicals.
External and Internal Treatment of Boiler Water
The two types of treatment for boiler water include external treatment and internal treatment. With external treatment, the impurities are reduced or removed entirely from the water once the water has been taken outside of the boiler.
Why Do You Need to Treat Your Boiler Water?
It’s important to treat your boiler water because impurities in the water can cause a whole host of issues, which will lead to you wasting money on equipment repairs if you don’t treat the water instead. There are many problems that can develop if you don’t treat your boiler water.
Maintaining High Quality Boiler Water
High-quality boiler water is important to the life of your boiler and will allow you to keep corrosion and other issues at bay. Scale alone can cause tube failure, overheating, and efficiency loss, which only serves to waste your money.
Industrial Uses
Laboratory Uses
- Water Treatment Process
The wastewater treatment process includes the utilization of NaOH for the removal of heavy metals and to adjust water acidity. The most important role of NaOH is to provide the alkalinity above 9. It can enhance the pH to avoid corrosion. An increase in water pH leads to a decrease i… - Medicines
• Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacturing of multiple medicines. It is employed in simple aspirin as well as some complicated anticoagulants (prevent blood clotting) and reduction in human cholesterol. • Peptide-based drugs are predicted to play a more authentic role in the futur…
Chemical Uses
- Sodium Carbonate Production
During the reaction, NaOH traps CO2 that produce a solution of sodium bicarbonate. NaOH can also absorb CO2 from air and form Sodium Carbonate Na2CO3 and Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3. NaOH + CO2 → Na2CO3 + H2O - The Catalyst for Hydrogen Transfer
NaOH is considered as a fine catalyst for the hydrogen transfer of an extensive variety of aliphatic ketones and aromatics which can be converted to high yields corresponding alcohols. The use of NaOH is uncomplicated, nontoxic, and easy-to-handle and there are no requirements of anhydro…
Common Uses of NaOH
- Food Production
Sodium hydroxide is commonly used in food production. • The major example is curing olives in brine because it can elevate and improve the taste of the olives. As you know olives possess a little bit of bitter taste due to the presence of oleuropein (phenolic compound) in them. When bri… - Cosmetics
• As Sodium hydroxide is a base and little concentration is used in multiple cosmetics like nail paints, hair dye, and other makeup products. • It is used in the straightening of hair as it can change the curls by breaking the disulfide bond present in hairs.