How does the provision of treatment inform the diagnosis process?
In addition, the provision of treatment can also inform and refine a working diagnosis, which is indicated by the feedback loop from treatment into the information-gathering step of the diagnostic process. This also illustrates the need for clinicians to diagnose health problems that may arise during treatment.
What is arrive at the place of shared understanding about health?
Arriving at the place of shared understanding concerning the health care needs of individuals, families, and communities has required taking a broader look at health.
What is the meaning of Health as a resource?
“A resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities.” This means that health is a resource to support an individual’s function in wider society, rather than an end in itself.
What is health according to who?
In 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined health with a phrase that modern authorities still apply. “Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”. “A resource for everyday life, not the objective of living.
What are the sources of health information?
Health information is readily available from reputable sources such as: health brochures in your local hospital, doctor's office or community health centre. telephone helplines such as NURSE-ON-CALL or Directline. your doctor or pharmacist.
What is the best source of health information for individuals?
The National Institutes of Health website is a good place to start for reliable health information. As a rule, health websites sponsored by Federal Government agencies are good sources of information. You can reach all Federal websites by visiting www.usa.gov.
How can you evaluate reliable source of health information?
There are six broad criteria for evaluation of health information you find on the web. They are: Credibility, Content, Disclosure, Links, Design and Interactivity. Each of the criteria is described in more depth in the boxes below.
How is an individual responsible for their health?
The concept of personal responsibility in health care is that if we follow healthy lifestyles (exercising, maintaining a healthy weight, and not smoking) and are good patients (keeping our appointments, heeding our physicians' advice, and using a hospital emergency department only for emergencies), we will be rewarded ...
Why is it important to consider the source of health information?
Health information can be extremely useful, empowering us to make important health decisions. However, health information also can be confusing and overwhelming. Given the wealth of information available through the Internet, journals and other sources, it's important to be able to assess its quality.
Why do we need to look reliable sources about health information?
Background: Having a reliable source for health information is vital to build a strong foundation of knowledge, especially with the current revolution of the internet and social media, which raises many concerns regarding harmful effects on the health of the public.
What is reliable source?
A reliable source is one that provides a thorough, well-reasoned theory, argument, discussion, etc. based on strong evidence. Scholarly, peer-reviewed articles or books -written by researchers for students and researchers. Original research, extensive bibliography.
Which of these is the best source of information about a health product?
Popular for a while but not able to stand the test of time. Multiple Choice: Which of these is the best source of information about a health product? Scientific Research.
How do you verify a source?
How can I find credible sources?Be skeptical. ... Examine the source's and author's credentials and affiliations. ... Evaluate what sources are cited by the author. ... Make sure the source is up-to-date. ... Check the endorsements and reviews that the source received. ... Check if the publisher of the source is reputable.More items...
What is the role of the individual in health promotion?
At the most basic level individuals have the responsibility to promote their own health. This means becoming educated about health, particularly the risk and protective behaviours. Individuals should then make choices that promote their own health.
Who has the primary responsibility of providing health care to the population in our country?
Public health is a State subject, the primary responsibility to provide quality health care services to the people including in rural, tribal and hilly areas lies with State/UT Governments.
What defines personal health?
Personal health is concerned with the state of wellbeing of the whole body which is. necessary for its sound growth and development, it will enable the body carry out its. different functions effectively. The human body is made up of many parts, each part. has its special roles and functions.
What is clinical diagnosis?
Clinical diagnosis is the process of using assessment data to determine if the pattern of symptoms the person presents with is consistent with the diagnostic criteria for a specific mental disorder outlined in an established classification system such as the DSM-5 or I CD-10 (both will be described shortly). Any diagnosis should have clinical utility, meaning it aids the mental health professional in determining prognosis, the treatment plan, and possible outcomes of treatment (APA, 2013). Receiving a diagnosis does not necessarily mean the person requires treatment. This decision is made based upon how severe the symptoms are, level of distress caused by the symptoms, symptom salience such as expressing suicidal ideation, risks and benefits of treatment, disability, and other factors (APA, 2013). Likewise, a patient may not meet the full criteria for a diagnosis but require treatment nonetheless.
What is gender dysphoria?
Gender Dysphoria. Characterized by distress associated with the incongruity between one’s experienced or expressed gender and the gender assigned at birth.
What are the three critical concepts of assessment?
The assessment process involves three critical concepts – reliability, validity, and standardization . Actually, these three are important to science in general. First, we want the assessment to be reliable or consistent. Outside of clinical assessment, when our car has an issue and we take it to the mechanic, we want to make sure that what one mechanic says is wrong with our car is the same as what another says, or even two others. If not, the measurement tools they use to assess cars are flawed. The same is true of a patient who is suffering from a mental disorder. If one mental health professional says the person suffers from major depressive disorder and another says the issue is borderline personality disorder, then there is an issue with the assessment tool being used (in this case, the DSM and more on that in a bit). Ensuring that two different raters are consistent in their assessment of patients is called interrater reliability. Another type of reliability occurs when a person takes a test one day, and then the same test on another day. We would expect the person’s answers to be consistent, which is called test-retest reliability. For example, let’s say the person takes the MMPI on Tuesday and then the same test on Friday. Unless something miraculous or tragic happened over the two days in between tests, the scores on the MMPI should be nearly identical to one another. What does identical mean? The score at test and the score at retest are correlated with one another. If the test is reliable, the correlation should be very high (remember, a correlation goes from -1.00 to +1.00, and positive means as one score goes up, so does the other, so the correlation for the two tests should be high on the positive side).
What is the purpose of a CT scan?
Finally, computed tomography or the CT scan involves taking X-rays of the brain at different angles and is used to diagnose brain damage caused by head injuries or brain tumors. 3.1.3.5. Physical examination.
When was the DSM 5 published?
3.2.2.1. A brief history of the DSM. The DSM-5 was published in 2013 and took the place of the DSM IV-TR (TR means Text Revision; published in 2000), but the history of the DSM goes back to 1944 when the American Psychiatric Association published a predecessor of the DSM which was a “statistical classification of institutionalized mental patients” and “…was designed to improve communication about the types of patients cared for in these hospitals” (APA, 2013, p. 6). The DSM evolved through four major editions after World War II into a diagnostic classification system to be used psychiatrists and physicians, but also other mental health professionals. The Herculean task of revising the DSM began in 1999 when the APA embarked upon an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the DSM in coordination with the World Health Organization (WHO) Division of Mental Health, the World Psychiatric Association, and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). This collaboration resulted in the publication of a monograph in 2002 called A Research Agenda for DSM-V. From 2003 to 2008, the APA, WHO, NIMH, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA) convened 13 international DSM-5 research planning conferences “to review the world literature in specific diagnostic areas to prepare for revisions in developing both DSM-5 and the International Classification of Disease, 11th Revision (ICD-11)” (APA, 2013).
Can personality be assessed?
That said, personality cannot be directly assessed, and so you do not ever completely know the individual. 3.1.3.4. Neurological tests. Neurological tests are used to diagnose cognitive impairments caused by brain damage due to tumors, infections, or head injuries; or changes in brain activity.
Does receiving a diagnosis mean you need treatment?
Receiving a diagnosis does not necessarily mean the person requires treatment. This decision is made based upon how severe the symptoms are, level of distress caused by the symptoms, symptom salience such as expressing suicidal ideation, risks and benefits of treatment, disability, and other factors (APA, 2013).
What is the third definition of health?
The third definition states that health is a state of balance, an equilibrium that an individual has established within himself and between himself and his social and physical environment. The consequences of adopting one or another of these definitions are considerable. If health is defined as the absence of disease, ...
What is the promotion of health?
The simplest definition of health – equated with the absence of disease – would lead to a definition of the promotion of health as an effort to remove diseases and diminish the numbers of individuals who suffer from them.
What does the Constitution say about health?
The writers of the Constitution were clearly aware of the tendency of seeing health as a state dependent on the presence or absence of diseases: so they added to that definition that an individual, if he is to be considered healthy, should not suffer from any disease ( ….“ and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”) ( 1 ).
Can abnormalities be counted as symptoms of a disease but not feel ill?
There are individuals who have abnormalities that can be counted as symptoms of a disease but do not feel ill. There are others whose body tissues do not demonstrate changes but who feel ill and do not function well.
What are the four types of information gathering activities in the diagnostic process?
The committee identified four types of information-gathering activities in the diagnostic process: taking a clinical history and interview; performing a physical exam; obtaining diagnostic testing; and sending a patient for referrals or consultations.
What is diagnostic process?
The committee concluded that the diagnostic process is a complex, patient-centered, collaborative activity that involves information gathering and clinical reasoning with the goal of determining a patient's health problem.
What is clinical reasoning?
Clinical reasoning is “the cognitive process that is necessary to evaluate and manage a patient's medical problems ” (Barrows, 1980, p. 19).
What is physical exam?
Physical Exam. The physical exam is a hands-on observational examination of the patient. First, a clinician observes a patient's demeanor, complexion, posture, level of distress, and other signs that may contribute to an understanding of the health problem (Davies and Rees, 2010).
Why is time important in diagnostics?
Time. Of major importance in the diagnostic process is the element of time. Most diseases evolve over time, and there can be a delay between the onset of disease and the onset of a patient's symptoms; time can also elapse before a patient's symptoms are recognized as a specific diagnosis (Zwaan and Singh, 2015).
What is the purpose of a clinical history interview?
Performing a clinical history and interview, conducting a physical exam, performing diagnostic testing, and referring or consulting with other clinicians are all ways of accumulating information that may be relevant to understanding a patient's health problem.
What are the factors that affect the health of a person?
A person’s characteristics and behaviors: A person’s genetic makeup and lifestyle choices can affect their overall health. According to some studies, the higher a person’s socioeconomic status (SES), the more likely.
How does environmental factors affect health?
Environmental factors play a role in health. Sometimes, the environment alone is enough to impact health. Other times, an environmental trigger can cause illness in a person who has an increased genetic risk of a particular disease.
How does financial health affect health?
Spiritual, emotional, and financial health also contribute to overall health. Medical experts have linked these to lower stress levels and improved mental and physical well-being. People with better financial health, for example, may worry less about finances and have the means to buy fresh food more regularly.
Why do Americans have a lower life expectancy than other developed countries?
have a lower life expectancy than people in other developed countries. This is due to a variety of factors, including access to healthcare and lifestyle choices. Good health is central to handling stress and living a longer, more active life.
What is the meaning of healthful lifestyle?
A healthful lifestyle provides the means to lead a full life with meaning and purpose. In 2009, researchers publishing in The Lancet.
What is physical well being?
Physical well-being involves pursuing a healthful lifestyle to decrease the risk of disease. Maintaining physical fitness, for example, can protect and develop the endurance of a person’s breathing and heart function, muscular strength, flexibility, and body composition.
How does mental illness affect weight?
A mental illness, such as depression or anorexia, can affect body weight and overall function. It is important to approach “health” as a whole, rather than as a series of separate factors. All types of health are linked, and people should aim for overall well-being and balance as the keys to good health.
How many people with mental illness receive no treatment?
Globally, more than 70% of people with mental illness receive no treatment from health care staff. Evidence suggests that factors increasing the likelihood of treatment avoidance or delay before presenting for care include (1) lack of knowledge to identify features of mental illnesses, (2) ignorance about how to access treatment, ...
What is increasing evidence?
INCREASING EVIDENCE SUGgests that significantly greater barriers exist to receipt of mental health care in comparison with physical health care. Worldwide, more than 70% of young people and adults with mental illness do not receive any mental health treatment from health care staff.1The difference between true prevalence ...
Did there have to be a reduction in discrimination from mental health professionals?
However, there was no reduction in reports of discrimination from either mental health professionals or physical health care professionals.
What are the factors that make up the root causes of health inequity?
Definitions. The factors that make up the root causes of health inequity are diverse, complex, evolving, and interdependent in nature. It is important to understand the underlying causes and conditions of health inequities to inform equally complex and effective interventions to promote health equity.
What is the root cause of health inequity?
The second, and more fundamental root cause of health inequity, is the unequal allocation of power and resources—including goods, services, and societal attention— which manifest in unequal social, economic, and environmental conditions, also called the social determinants of health.
What are the fields of public health and population health science?
The fields of public health and population health science have accumulated a robust body of literature over the past few decades that elucidates how social, political, economic, and environmental conditions and context contribute to health inequities.
Why is mental health important?
It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Over the course of your life, if you experience mental health problems, your thinking, mood, and behavior could be affected.
What are the symptoms of mental illness?
Hearing voices or believing things that are not true. Thinking of harming yourself or others. Inability to perform daily tasks like taking care of your kids or getting to work or school. Learn more about specific mental health problems and where to find help.