What is hemoconcentration?
The hemoconcentration is the increase in hematocrit concentration in response to the decrease in plasma volume. That is, although there is an increase in the hematocrit, the amount of red blood cells does not change. Hemoconcentration occurs in the event of fluid loss or due to an imbalance in their distribution within the body.
Is hemoconcentration optimized at the time of discharge?
Importantly, previous studies of hemoconcentration focused on hemoconcentration at the time of discharge, a time when overall volume status should have been optimized.
Is hemoconcentration associated with better survival?
Overall, these findings indicate that the association between hemoconcentration and better survival is contingent not only on whether hemoconcentration can be induced, but also on the timing/durability of the hemoconcentration.
Why is hemoconcentration important in the preanalytic phase?
When hemoconcentration is understood and its causes prevented, specimen collection personnel are more likely to submit specimens to the clinical laboratory that can produce an accurate assessment of the patient’s condition. 1. Narayanan S. The preanalytic phase an important component of laboratory testing.
What does hemoconcentration mean in medical terms?
Medical Definition of hemoconcentration : increased concentration of cells and solids in the blood usually resulting from loss of fluid to the tissues — compare hemodilution sense 1.
What does hemoconcentration mean in phlebotomy?
Hemoconcentration: An increased concentration of larger molecules and formed elements in the blood may be due to several factors: Prolonged tourniquet application (no more than 1 minute) Massaging, squeezing, or probing a site.
What is hemoconcentration and how is it caused?
If “hemo” means blood, hemoconcentration is an abnormally high concentration of blood. Blood becomes concentrated, or thickens, when the proportion of cells and other larger elements of the blood increases to such a degree that it no longer reflects the patient's actual health status.
What are the effects of hemoconcentration?
An increase in the concentration of the red blood corpuscles occurs in many abnormal conditions, notably in secondary shock. The hemoconcentration associated with secondary shock results from the loss of plasma, local or diffuse or both. This results in a reduction in the circulating blood volume.
Does hemoconcentration increase hematocrit?
Hemoconcentration increased systemic hematocrit from 50 to 65%; systemic blood gases were unchanged, but mean arterial blood pressure increased approximately 10 mmHg.
How do you know if someone has hemoconcentration?
Symptoms: Symptoms of hemoconcentration include decreased pulse pressure and volume, loss of skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, headaches, hepatomegaly, low central venous pressure, orthostatic hypotension, pruritus (especially after a hot bath), splenomegaly, tachycardia, thirst, tinnitus, vertigo, and weakness.
What are the symptoms of high hematocrit?
When a person has high hematocrit levels they tend to present with these symptoms:flushed skin.dizziness.vision problems.headaches.enlarged spleen.
Does hemoconcentration increase hemoglobin?
Hemoconcentration manifests itself with an increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. [6] It may also lead to an increase in platelet counts.
Can hemoconcentration cause leukocytosis?
In a person with normally functioning bone marrow, the numbers of white blood cells can double within hours if needed. An increase in the number of circulating leukocytes is rarely due to an increase in all five types of leukocytes. When this occurs, it is most often due to dehydration and hemoconcentration.
Does dehydration cause hemoconcentration?
On the other hand, dehydration can cause hemoconcentration, decreasing the plasma component of blood. This results in blood cell counts that are misleading because the numbers of formed elements in the blood is disproportionaly inflated.
What tests are affected by hemoconcentration?
Hemoconcentration can cause falsely elevated results for glucose, potassium, and protein-based analytes such as cholesterol. Ideally, the tourniquet should be in place no longer than one minute to prevent hemoconcentration.
What is the effect of hemoconcentration on total cholesterol levels?
However, arithmetic correction for hemoconcentration eliminated the increases in total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol.
Is heparin contraindicated in hyperviscosity?
The use of heparin, which can polymerize cryofibrinogen, thereby causing severe hyperviscosity, may be considered a relative contraindication in this setting. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) develops in some patients with severe hypothermia.
Is hemoconcentration a hallmark of eclampsia?
It has been known for over 100 years that hemoconcentration is a hallmark of eclampsia. Zeeman et al.22 expanded the previous observations of Pritchard et al. 23 that eclamptic women have severe curtailment of normally expected pregnancy-induced hypervolemia (Fig. 2.3 ). Mechanisms for this are discussed in detail in Chapter 14. Hemoconcentration is of immense clinical significance. Women of average size should have a blood volume of nearly 4500 mL during the last several weeks of a normal pregnancy, compared with about 3000 mL when they are not pregnant. With eclampsia, however, much or all of the anticipated excess 1500 mL is not available. Clinically, this is of vital importance even when there is average blood loss with cesarean delivery or episiotomy that frequently exceeds 1000 mL In addition, postpartum hemorrhage is more common in women with severe preeclampsia because of factors such as placental abruption, labor induction, and increased risk of operative vaginal or cesarean delivery.
Causes
There are many causes that can cause an abundant loss of fluid, or the extravasation of intravascular plasma fluid to the extravascular space, generating hemoconcentration in the patient.
Hemoconcentration in dehydrated patients
Dehydration can occur in cases of severe diarrhea and vomiting, without fluid replacement. Also in intense exercise with excessive sweating.
Hemoconcentration in dengue
Dengue is a viral infection caused by an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family. The virus enters the patient through the bite of a blood-sucking vector called Aedes aegypti.
Hemoconcentration in burns
In the burned patient, a series of events occur that clarify why hemoconcentration occurs and how hypovolemic shock can occur.
Hemoconcentration in patients with heart failure
Grau et al. Studied patients with heart failure admitted to a health center. The treatment established in these patients is based on the administration of diuretics, which leads to a significant loss of fluid that can cause hemoconcentration in the patient.
Hemoconcentration in patients with systemic capillary leak syndrome
It is a rare and infrequent disease. Only 150 cases have been reported so far globally. This syndrome is characterized by the presence of hypotensive episodes, accompanied by hypoalbuminemia and hemoconcentration.
Consequences of hemoconcentration
Hemoconcentration increases the viscosity of the blood and this causes blood circulation to slow down, which can cause peripheral hypoxia and dehydration at the neuronal level, as well as hypovolemic shock. In the case of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia, these types of episodes can occur.
Causes
There are many causes that can lead to an abundant loss of fluid, or the extravasation of intravascular plasma fluid to the extravascular space, generating hemoconcentration in the patient.
Hemoconcentration in dehydrated patients
Dehydration can occur in cases of severe diarrhea and vomiting, without fluid replacement. Also in intense exercise with excessive sweating.
Hemoconcentration in dengue
Dengue is a viral infection caused by an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family. The virus enters the patient by the bite of a blood-sucking vector called Aedes aegypti.
Hemoconcentration in burns
In the burned patient, a series of events occur that clarify why hemoconcentration occurs and how hypovolemic shock can occur.
Hemoconcentration in patients with heart failure
Grau et al. Studied patients with heart failure who were admitted to a health center. The treatment established in these patients is based on the administration of diuretics, which leads to a significant loss of fluid that can cause hemoconcentration in the patient.
Hemoconcentration in patients with systemic capillary leak syndrome
It is a rare and infrequent disease. Only 150 cases have been reported so far globally. This syndrome is characterized by the presence of hypotensive episodes, accompanied by hypoalbuminemia and hemoconcentration.
Consequences of hemoconcentration
Hemoconcentration increases the viscosity of the blood and this causes blood circulation to slow down, which can cause peripheral hypoxia and dehydration at the neuronal level, as well as hypovolemic shock. In the case of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia, these types of episodes can occur.
