what is first line treatment for cardiovascular disease

Heart failure disease first-line treatment options:

• ACE inhibitors/ARB or ARNI (Entresto) and Beta blockers plus aldosterone blockers (for Class II-IV heart failure with...
• SGLT-2 Inhibitor: I f volume is overloaded add Loop diuretic

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What is first-line treatment?

Aug 11, 2021 · Heart failure disease first-line treatment options: ACE inhibitors/ARB or ARNI (Entresto) and Beta blockers plus aldosterone blockers (for Class II-IV heart failure with... SGLT-2 Inhibitor: I f volume is overloaded add Loop diuretic

What is first-line treatment for lung cancer?

Nov 09, 2013 · These therapeutic options are clearly highlighted in the 2011 ESC/EAS guidelines, which recommend that a statin should be the first-line pharmacological treatment of dyslipidaemia, prescribed at a dose capable to provide the percentage LDL-C reduction to achieve the LDL-C target for patient’s individual CV risk level.

What is the best first‐line treatment for high blood pressure?

Oct 25, 2019 · The study revealed that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which are the most commonly prescribed first-line drugs, had more side effects than thiazide diuretics, a class of drugs ...

Is first‐line drug therapy effective?

Apr 01, 2011 · Aspirin is the first-line antiplatelet agent except in patients who have recently had a myocardial infarction or undergone stent placement, in which case clopidogrel is recommended.

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What are the main types of treatments for heart disease?

Treatments for Heart Disease. Lifestyle changes, medications, and surgical procedures and devices are the main types of treatments for heart disease. Doctors recommend heart disease treatments based on what type of heart disease you have, what symptoms you experience, your age, and any other health conditions or medications you take.

What are the other medications for heart disease?

Other Medications for Heart Disease. Antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and penicillin G , may be prescribed in cases of endocarditis and other infective heart diseases caused by nonvirus microorganisms. Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, prednisolone, and dexamethasone, are synthetic hormones that suppress immune system response.

How to get better at heart disease?

Lifestyle Changes. Making changes to your lifestyle can be hard, but it pays off. Stopping smoking, improving your diet, and increasing your activity level can help you feel better and lower your risk for worsening your heart disease and developing serious complications. If you smoke, quit.

What is the best medication for high blood pressure?

Commonly called water pills, diuretics are often one of the first drugs prescribed to treat people with hypertension (high blood pressure). Diuretics are believed to reduce blood volume by ridding your body of sodium and water through urination. Common diuretics include Hydrochlorothiazide, Lasix (furosemide) and Aldactone (spironolactone). Diuretics are usually safe, but they can cause dehydration if you lose too much water.

What blood thinners are used for stroke?

Anticoagulants — known as blood thinners — can help prevent dangerous clots from forming and causing stroke or myocardial infarction (heart attack). Drugs from several classes work in different ways as blood thinners. One of the most common blood thinners is the familiar aspirin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory product sold over the counter. Other blood thinners include Plavix (clopidogrel), Xarelto (rivaroxaban), Eliquis (apixaban), Pradaxa (dabigatran), Coumadin (warfarin), and Aggrenox (aspirin/extended-release dipyridamole). Blood thinners can raise the risk for bruising and bleeding problems.

What is the most common blood thinner?

One of the most common blood thinners is the familiar aspirin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory product sold over the counter. Other blood thinners include Plavix (clopidogrel), Xarelto (rivaroxaban), Eliquis (apixaban), Pradaxa (dabigatran), Coumadin (warfarin), and Aggrenox (aspirin/extended-release dipyridamole).

What are the medications that help reduce cholesterol?

Statins are believed to work by stopping the body from producing cholesterol and promoting the reabsorption of existing cholesterol. Statin medications include Lipitor (atorvastatin), Crestor (rosuvastatin), and Zocor (simvastatin).

Which organization has based their guidelines on randomized clinical trials?

First, the existing literature that organizations such as the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (AHA) have based their guidelines on are randomized clinical trials with an insufficient number of participants, very few of whom are just beginning their treatment, explain Dr. Suchard and colleagues.

Which first line drug has more side effects than thiazide?

The study revealed that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which are the most commonly prescribed first-line drugs, had more side effects than thiazide diuretics, a class of drugs that are not prescribed as often.

What is the recommended blood pressure for CAD patients?

The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure recommends lowering blood pressure to 140/90 mm Hg or less for patients with CAD; however, the American Heart Association recommends a goal of 130/80 mm Hg or less, just as for patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease. 17, 18

What are statins used for?

Statins have demonstrated clear benefits in morbidity and mortality in the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease; other medications that can be used in addition to statins to lower cholesterol include ezetimibe, fibrates, and nicotinic acid.

What is beta blocker therapy?

Beta blockers are first-line antihypertensive agents for patients with CAD 20 ; if tolerated, beta blockers are also indicated for patients who do not have hypertension ( Table 4 14). These drugs block and β 1 and β 2 adrenergic receptors, causing a decrease in heart rate, an increase in diastolic filling time, and a decrease in cardiac contractility. This negative inotropic and chronotropic effect decreases myocardial oxygen demand. 17 Cardioselective beta blockers, or those that affect only β 1 receptors, are preferred to minimize adverse effects, especially the bronchoconstriction that can be caused by beta 2 antagonism 18, 21 ( Table 4 14). In one meta-analysis that evaluated beta-blocker therapy in patients with CAD, investigators found a 23 percent reduction in the risk of death (NNT = 42 over two years to avoid one additional death). 22 A recent meta-analysis with 464,000 patients confirmed that beta blockers should be first-line therapy in patients with CAD. In the first two years after MI, beta blockers can double the reduction in cardiovascular events compared with all other antihypertensive agents. 23 Some beta blockers also possess intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, which can produce an increase in sympathetic activity at rest and may not effectively lower heart rate; these drugs should be avoided 18 ( Table 4 14).

Can nitrates be used for hypertension?

Nitrates relax vascular smooth muscle and primarily cause venodilation, reducing preload and decreasing myocardial oxygen demand. 14 Nitrates do not play a role in the treatment of hypertension. Randomized trials evaluating the effects of nitrates on CAD outcomes have not been conducted.

Is beta blocker considered an antihypertensive?

Beta blockers should be considered first-line antihypertensive agents in patients with coronary artery disease. A. 20. Recommendations from evidence-based guidelines. Angiotensin receptor blockers should be used only if an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor is not tolerated.

Is there a cure for COPD?

The most important consideration will be the severity of your disease. COPD often shows no symptoms until it has progressed to later stages. There’s no cure for COPD, but beginning treatment as early as possible can help ease its symptoms and possibly slow it down.

What is the best medication for swelling of the airways?

Steroid or glucocorticosteroid. Anti-inflammatory medications that reduce swelling of the airways. Oral, capsule/inhalation. • Capsule: difficulty sleeping, increased appetite, fluid retention, restlessness. • Inhalation: irritation of mouth and throat, fungal infections of mouth and throat, hoarseness. Theophylline.

Can bronchodilator be used with corticosteroid?

Combinations of bronchodilator medications are also frequently prescribed. For instance, according to a study in the journal COPD. Trusted Source. , the combination of beta2-agonists and a corticosteroid can be more effective than either drug alone.

Why are antibiotics important for COPD?

Antibiotics. Antibiotics are important in treating COPD, because symptoms are often triggered or made worse by bacterial infections such as sinusitis or pneumonia. Also, when you have a viral infection or flu, secondary bacterial infections may follow.

When do you need oxygen for COPD?

You may require oxygen only when you’re getting exercise or sleeping. However, most people use oxygen throughout the day and night, breaking for activities such as bathing.

Can you take oxygen if you have COPD?

If your COPD is severe and your blood oxygen levels are low, your doctor may prescribe supplemental oxygen. You may require oxygen only when you’re getting exercise or sleeping. However, most people use oxygen throughout the day and night, breaking for activities such as bathing. You will continue to take your prescribed medications even if you’re on oxygen therapy.

What is the purpose of bronchodilators?

Bronchodilators help your bronchial muscles relax and open wider. This clears your airways, making it easier for you to breath. Bronchodilators are normally either short-acting or long-acting. Many different medications are bronchodilators, and most fall into these categories: Upset stomach.

What is first line treatment?

First-line treatment or therapy simply refers to the initial, or first treatment recommended for a disease or illness. This may also be referred to as primary treatment, initial treatment, or induction therapy. With many conditions, including cancer, there are many possible treatments that could be effective.

What is the first line of treatment for lung cancer?

First-line treatment is usually the standard treatment (the "gold standard") given when someone is diagnosed with a particular disease or condition , such as lung cancer. In other words, it is likely the treatment most oncologists would first choose in treating someone. That said, there are no general "rules" stating which treatment has to absolutely come first, and in addition to that, it's important to work with your oncologist to choose the treatment that is best for you as an individual. Only you can be your own advocate and select the treatments which offer you the best outcome while minimizing the side effects you are willing to tolerate.

What is the difference between first line and second line?

In contrast, second-line treatments are used when the first-line treatment failed to improve a cancer, or if it worked for a while and then the cancer progressed, and tend to be less effective.

Is neoadjuvant therapy considered a first line treatment?

Neoadjuvant therapy, chemotherapy given before surgery to reduce the size of a tumor, or adjuvant therapy, given after surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence, are considered components of first-line therapy in this setting. First-Line vs. Second-Line Treatment. In contrast to first-line treatment, second-line treatment is usually ...

Is second line treatment the same as first line?

In contrast to first-line treatment, second-line treatment is usually a treatment which is chosen after first-line treatment has failed to achieve the goal (either it doesn't work or all, or it works for a period of time and then stops working), or has side effects requiring you to stop using that treatment. Second-line treatments are often inferior to first-line treatments but not always. For example, with metastatic breast cancer, second-line therapy tends not to control the cancer for as long a period of time as first-line therapy. In some cases, there are two treatments (or more) that may offer very similar results (and have similar side effects), and second-line treatment may be equally effective to first-line therapy.

What is alternative treatment?

In this setting, therapies such as acupuncture, meditation, massage, and yoga are used in an integrative fashion—that is, they are used along with traditional treatments such as chemotherapy. These complementary treatments may help some people cope with the side effects of cancer and cancer treatments.