A neurological assessment focuses on the nervous system to assess and identify any abnormalities that affect function and activities of daily living. It should allow us to create individual, patient-centred goals and ultimately a tailor-made treatment plan based on the client's needs.
Full Answer
What is a a neuro assessment?
A neuro assessment is conducted if a person has experienced traumaor head injury, or reports a range of symptoms that may include dizziness, blurry vision, confusion, or difficulty with motor functions. This is done to detect neurological damage or disease.
What are the advantages of neuropsychological assessment?
Neuropsychological assessmentcan provide several advantages compared to traditional psychoeducational testing. Neuropsychological test batteries are generally broader in scope and more in-depth than traditional batteries, and hence provide a more thorough and detailed description of a child's cognitive strengths and weaknesses.
Is there a consensus on the use of neurologic exams?
Despite this, they state that there is no consensus on their use, and more studies are required to ascertain if utilization translates to improved patient outcomes (24). However, they underscore the importance of the neurologic exam and the NWT, stating that it remains a cornerstone in the accurate assessment of patients.
When to conduct a neuropsychological assessment?
When to Conduct a Neurological Assessment. A neuropsychological assessment is conducted if a person has experienced trauma or head injury, or reports a range of symptoms that may include dizziness, blurry vision, confusion or difficulty with motor functions. It often includes non-invasive measures of brain activity including an EEG...
What is a full neurological assessment?
A neurological exam, also called a neuro exam, is an evaluation of a person's nervous system that can be done in the healthcare provider's office. It may be done with instruments, such as lights and reflex hammers. It usually does not cause any pain to the patient.
What is a neurological assessment used for?
A neurological exam checks for disorders of the central nervous system. The central nervous system is made of your brain, spinal cord, and nerves from these areas. It controls and coordinates everything you do, including muscle movement, organ function, and even complex thinking and planning.
What are the 5 steps in the neurological assessment?
MENTAL STATUS TESTING It should be assessed first in all patients. Mental status testing can be divided into five parts: level of alertness; focal cortical functioning; cognition; mood and affect; and thought content.
What are the types of neurological assessment?
The neurological exam can be organized into 7 categories: (1) mental status, (2) cranial nerves, (3) motor system, (4) reflexes, (5) sensory system, (6) coordination, and (7) station and gait. You should approach the exam systematically and establish a routine so as not to leave anything out.
What is the most common neurological disorder?
1. Headaches. Headaches are one of the most common neurological disorders and can affect anyone at any age. While many times a headache shouldn't be anything too serious to worry about, if your headache comes on suddenly and repeatedly, you should see a doctor, as these could be symptoms of an underlying condition.
How often should a neurological assessment be performed?
Frequency of neurological assessment If the patient's condition is deteriorating, observations may need to be carried out as frequently as every 10-15 minutes. Clinicians' professional knowledge and judgement will dictate the necessary timing interval for the assessment.
How do nurses do neurological assessments?
3:337:26Routine Neurological Assessments- Nursing Skills - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipLast is cranial nerve 11. have the patient shrug their shoulders. And then turn their head side toMoreLast is cranial nerve 11. have the patient shrug their shoulders. And then turn their head side to side against resistance. And that's it for your cranial nerves.
How does a neurologist check for nerve damage?
By measuring the electrical activity they are able to determine if there is nerve damage, the extent of the damage and potentially the cause of the damage. Frequently the neurologist will recommend common, noninvasive neurological evaluations such as electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) testing.
What are the signs and symptoms of neurological disorder?
Signs and symptoms of nervous system disordersPersistent or sudden onset of a headache.A headache that changes or is different.Loss of feeling or tingling.Weakness or loss of muscle strength.Loss of sight or double vision.Memory loss.Impaired mental ability.Lack of coordination.More items...
How do neurologists treat nerve pain?
Multimodal therapy (including medicines, physical therapy, psychological counseling and sometimes surgery) is usually required to treat neuropathic pain. Medicines commonly prescribed for neuropathic pain include anti-seizure drugs such as: Gabapentin (Neurontin®).
What are the four components of a rapid neurological assessment?
Rapid Neurological Exam ChecklistEyes - Can patient see, is vision normal, is eye movement normal.Hearing - Can patient hear equally in both ears, is hearing normal.Smell - Can patient smell (coffee, peppermint, etc.)Facial Muscles - Is the face equal in muscle tone and control, have patient smile.More items...
How are neurological disorders diagnosed?
Diagnostic Tests for Neurological DisordersCT scan. ... Electroencephalogram (EEG). ... MRI. ... Electrodiagnostic tests, such as electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV). ... Positron emission tomography (PET). ... Arteriogram (angiogram). ... Spinal tap (lumbar puncture). ... Evoked potentials.More items...
The Neuro Exam Step-by-Step
These following nerves and functions are generally tested in such an exam: Cranial Nerves The cranial nerves control eye muscles, jaw muscles, and...
When to Conduct a Neurological Assessment
A neuro assessment is conducted if a person has experienced trauma or head injury , or reports a range of symptoms that may include dizziness, b...
Is this exam different from a neuropsychological test?
Yes, these tests are different. A neuropsychological exam evaluates an individual’s ability to read, speak, reason, comprehend others, dedicate inf...
Is this exam different from a mini mental status exam?
Yes, these tests are different. The mini mental status exam is used to rule out cognitive decline , such as in dementia . The MMSE assesses an in...
Is this exam different from a brief cognitive status exam?
The BCSE is similar to the MMSE, as they are both designed to assess overall cognitive function. The BCSE is used when, for example, Alzheimer’s or...
What is a rapid neurological exam?
To rule out the worst medical complications, physicians can use the three-minute neurological exam. This quick assessment will help evaluate, for e...
What More Can You Expect in a Neuro Exam?
The typical neurological exam will include a general physical assessment and a discussion of symptoms and medical history, putting any neurological...
What are neurological vital signs?
Vital signs include breathing patterns, oxygen level, heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature. A person with compromised neurological function...
What is neurological gait?
Gait, balance, and coordination are controlled by the cerebellum. Irregular movement may mean there is a problem, such as multiple sclerosis, Hunti...
What is the purpose of neuropsychological exam?
A neuropsychological exam evaluates an individual’s ability to read, speak, reason, comprehend others, dedicate information to memory, and stay focused. This assessment includes more than just tests, but tests are a key component.
What are the questions asked on a neurological exam?
The autonomic nervous system controls your body's vital functions, such as your pulse, breathing, body temperature, and digestion. A neurological exam also includes questions about bowel movements, urination, and blood pressure.
What is the purpose of a complete brain exam?
A complete exam is conducted by a neurologist and it includes evaluation of an individual’s speech, awareness of environment, motor function and balance (walking ability, muscle strength, and tone), sensation, reflexes, coordination, and the 12 cranial nerves of the brain. These nerves are involved in smell, vision, pupil activity, eye movement, taste, hearing, swallowing, and movement of the face, neck, and shoulders.
What is a CAT scan?
CAT scans such as the fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) are used if a neurodevelopmental condition such as autism spectrum disorder or a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's needs to be ruled in or out, an assessment may be paired with neuropsychological tests as well.
How long is a neurological exam?
To rule out the worst medical complications, physicians can use the three-minute neurological exam. This quick assessment will help evaluate, for example, whether a person’s headaches are caused by a brain tumour or hemorrhaging. This analysis includes the patient removing his shoes and standing with eyes closed, walking on the tips of his toes, the finger-to-nose test, eye movements, certain reflexes, among other checks.
Why do they do a head injury assessment?
This is done to detect neurological damage or disease.
Why is EEG used?
Why is the EEG or EMG used? Created with Sketch. The exam often includes non-invasive measures of brain activity including an EEG (electroencephalography), which captures brain wave activity, or an EMG (electromyography), which captures nerve activity from the brain or spinal cord to a peripheral nerve such as in the arm or leg.
What is neurological exam?
The physical examination of the neurological system includes assessment of both the central and peripheral nervous systems. A routine neurological exam usually starts by assessing the patient’s mental status followed by evaluation of sensory function and motor function. Comprehensive neurological exams may further evaluate cranial nerve function and deep tendon reflexes. The nurse must be knowledgeable of what is normal or expected for the patient’s age, development, and condition to analyze the meaning of the data that is being collected.
How to assess neurological status of a patient?
Nurses begin assessing a patient’s overall neurological status by observing their general appearance, posture, ability to walk, and personal hygiene in the first few minutes of nurse-patient interaction. For additional information about obtaining an overall impression of a patient’s status while performing an assessment, see the “ General Survey ” chapter.
What is palpation in a physical exam?
Palpation. Palpation during a physical examination typically refers to the use of touch to evaluate organs for size, location, or tenderness, but palpation during the neurologic physical exam involves using touch to assess sensory function and motor function.
How does a nurse assess a patient's cerebellar function?
The nurse also assesses a patient’s cerebellar function by observing their gait and balance. See the “ Assessing Cerebellar Function ” section earlier in chapter for more information.
Can a nurse perform auscultation?
Auscultation is not typically performed by registered nurses during a routine neurological assessment. However, advanced practice nurses and other health care providers may auscultate the carotid arteries for the presence of a swishing sound called a .
Why is neurological system assessment important?
Neurological system assessment is an important skill for the orthopaedic nurse because the nervous system has such an overlap with the musculoskeletal system. Nurses whose scope of practice includes such advanced evaluation, e.g. nurse practitioners, may conduct the examination described here but th …
Why is neurological assessment important for orthopaedic nurses?
Neurological system assessment is an important skill for the orthopaedic nurse because the nervous system has such an overlap with the musculoskeletal system. Nurses whose scope of practice includes such advanced evaluation, e.g. nurse practitioners, may conduct the examination described here but th ….
What is neuropsychology assessment?
A neuropsychological assessment is a comprehensive test of a wide range of mental functions including behavior.
Why do we need to use neuropsychological tests?
To help with diagnosis: Test results are sometimes used to help understand the cause of problems with your thinking and understanding. For example, test results might be used to determine if your cognitive (mental) changes are due to normal aging, a neurological illness, depression, anxiety or other causes. Your healthcare provider can then use the results of your neuropsychological examination along with the results of other tests, such as brain scans, EEGs, and blood tests, to arrive at a diagnosis that will help to guide your healthcare.
What does a neuropsychologist do?
The neuropsychologist will talk with you to understand any concerns you and your family members might have about your cognitive (mental) functioning. He or she will also review your medical and psychological history and educational background. If a family member comes to the evaluation with you, the neuropsychologist may ask for your permission to interview him or her as well.
What is the name of the person who scores neuropsychological tests?
Your neuropsychologist will choose the tests that you are given. The tests are given and scored by a trained technician called a psychometrist who works under the supervision of the neuropsychologist. The tests typically involve writing or drawing, solving puzzles or answering questions, and responding to things presented on a computer. Most people find some of the tests to be quite easy and others to be difficult. It is important to work as hard as possible on all of the tests in order for the results to be most informative.
What is neuropsychological evaluation?
A neuropsychological evaluation is a test to measure how well a person's brain is working. The abilities tested include reading, language usage, attention, learning, processing speed, reasoning, remembering, problem-solving, mood and personality and more.
Why do we need to use test results?
To help plan a treatment or other intervention: Test results can be used to identify which cognitive abilities should be the focus of rehabilitation if you’ve had a brain injury. Results also help therapists determine which strengths might be able to compensate for weaknesses. The evaluation can provide the basis for making decisions and/or adjustments to school or work schedules and determine the skills to work on that are most important to you.
What is standardized neuropsychology?
Most of the tests used in neuropsychology are standardized, which means they are given the same way to everybody. The tests are also norm-referenced, which means that a patient’s performance on those tests will be compared to the performance of other people who are about the same age and, sometimes, people who have the same educational background. The test results are used to answer many types of questions.
What is neuropsychological assessment?
Neuropsychological assessment (NPA) is the systematic evaluation of the brain-behavior relationships in an individual. The purpose of an NPA is to define the client's specific cognitive strengths and weaknesses and to identify the relationships between the neuropsychological findings and the client's medical and psychiatric condition. Tools used to complete the NPA are measures of cognition and intelligence that have been standardized on a neurologically normal sample. By administering the measures in the identical, systematic manner, as described in the instruction manual for the testing instrument, the evaluator can compare the individual's performance on the measure to the performance of a normative sample. It is optimal if the normative sample is subdivided by gender, age, and years of education. In that way a very specific comparison can be made. Neuropsychological test performance has been generally shown to vary according to gender, age, and years of education in control samples.
What is the purpose of neuropsychological evaluation?
The purpose of neuropsychological evaluation is currently multifaceted and often is dependent on the referral question. A complete NPA helps the client, clinician, and referral source gain an understanding of the client's cognitive processes such as memory, language, and perception.
How to measure cognitive impairment?
Cognitive assessment can be done using short cognitive screening instruments that indicate whether a specific disease or disorder is present or absent. However, specific cognitive processes must be measured using neuropsychological tests designed to tap specific cognitive domains (e.g., memory and executive functions). Classification of neuropsychological test performance is done using age- and education-adjusted normative data. Clinical interpretation is done by relating these classifications to cognitive theory, medical history and the patient’s premorbid cognitive and intellectual functioning.
What is the role of a child neuropsychologist?
Thus, child neuropsychologists are distinguished by their ability to characterize children's cognitive functioning in considerable detail and to render complex etiological, diagnostic, and prognostic judgments , especially as the judgments are related to brain function. These clinical judgments depend on neuropsychologists’ expertise and knowledge base rather than the tests that they use. Indeed, many of the tests mentioned in this chapter can be used by psychologists from other specialties to broaden their assessment repertoire, even if their training does not prepare them to make neuropsychological inferences.
What is transactional approach in neuropsychology?
A description of a transactional approach is that it takes into consideration how abnormalities or developmental complications interact with the environment, how development itself affects the nature and severity of impairment, how to most efficiently assess these difficulties, and how to determine the most appropriate interventions. In this model, neuropsychological assessment—correctly completed—is therapeutic. In this view, the child's performance on appropriate measures plus the feedback to the medical professional, parent, and school provide a basis for understanding the child's strengths and weaknesses and for participating in the development of appropriate interventions. A transactional approach stresses consultation and collaboration with the caregivers of the child (as well as assisting the child in adjusting to his/her areas of challenge) but also with medical practitioners. In summary, child clinical neuropsychology is best viewed within an integrated framework, incorporating behavioral, psychosocial, cognitive, and environmental factors into a comprehensive model for the assessment and treatment of brain-related disorders in children and adolescents.
Why is neuropsychology important in prenatal care?
One reason is that advances in medical technology have led to increasing numbers of infants who survive , such as preterm infants born at less than 1000 grams, but are at risk for brain injury. This has resulted in the need for sensitive instruments to evaluate neuropsychological function in these infants so that appropriate intervention strategies could be developed. Second, neuroimaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), positron emission topography (PET), near infra-red optical topography (NIROT) and spectroscopy (NIRS), evoked potentials, electroencephalograms (EEG), and brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) have now been adapted for infants. This provides an unprecedented window into the infant’s brain and an opportunity to study brain–behavior relations in infancy. Third, the application of neuropsychological assessments to at risk populations has led to studies of clinical interventions. Successful research trials have provided evidence of the beneficial effects of early preventive and therapeutic interventions. This has resulted in an increased demand for neuropsychological assessments for use in clinical trials and outcomes research. Finally, the Federal government recognized the importance of providing services for infants and preschoolers with established risk factors and special needs and resulted in mandates such as the 1987 Public Law 99–452 and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act revised in 2004. These changes have also increased the demand for infant neuropsychological assessment tools.
What are the challenges of geriatric neuropsychology?
Advances in the field of geriatric neuropsychology have been able to confront a variety of challenges, including the lack of availability of normative data, circumventing sensory and motor limitations, reducing the amount of time required to administer and score instruments, and improving the reliability and validity of new measures. In addition, streamlining of assessment procedures, sometimes dictated by third-party payers, often requires neuropsychologists to gather more data using fewer instruments. Thus, focused and efficient batteries are assuming greater importance.
What is the brain's autoregulation mechanism?
A healthy brain has robust autoregulatory mechanisms to maintain constant cerebral blood flow (CBF) across a range of mean arterial pressures (MAPs) from 65 to 150 mmHg. In the presence of neurologic insult, there is often regional or global impairment of autoregulation (1). Thus, continued monitoring of ICP and CPP are often necessary. Utilizing transcranial doppler (TCD) may assist in assessing the degree of autoregulation failure (15). Other monitoring modalities include brain tissue oxygen tension monitoring (PbtiO2), jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2), and brain neurochemistry by intracerebral microdialysis (MD). Newer, less invasive monitoring technologies including optic ultrasound, and the automated pupillometer to directly augment the NWT are also seeing increased use. Lastly, a role for brain injury biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis is beginning to emerge.
Why use multiple monitoring modalities concurrently?
Each of these multimodal monitoring components provide unique and clinically relevant information pertaining to neurologic functioning. Multiple modalities can complement the information from one another synergistically , hence the rationale for using multiple monitoring modalities concurrently (9). When used in conjunction, the emergence of similar pathologic patterns can point to the cause of underlying deterioration or increase the likelihood of picking up early changes. It is also imperative to utilize a combination of regional (MD, PbtiO2, TDF) and global (ICP, CPP, SjvO2, biomarkers) monitoring to ensure a complete picture of ongoing processes.
Is sedation used in the ICU?
There is widespread use of sedation for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and neurocritical care unit (NCCU). This is a necessary practice to facilitate endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, however, it is also Janus-faced.
Does sedation affect neurologic function?
Sedation also precludes an accurate neurologic examination, and continued sedation may mask significant changes in the patient's neurologic condition (7). This is concerning, as upwards of 40% of patients with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) demonstrate a significant deterioration of neurologic function within 10 days (8). There is a known secondary deterioration that evolves during the early period of brain injury that is heterogenous and hard to predict (9). This is due to secondary injury cascades that activate inflammatory, excitotoxic, metabolic, and vascular phenomena. This augments oxidative stress, elevates ICP and metabolic demands, causes cerebral edema, activates coagulation cascades, and impairs regional blood flow (7, 10). Continued sedation can also prevent the acquisition of an accurate Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score. This is imperative, as GCS scores are a robust prognostic marker and indicator of potential surgical intervention (11, 12), and are highly predictive of 6-month outcomes in TBI patients (13). This underlies the necessity for a brief cessation of sedation for an accurate neurologic assessment, termed the neurological wake-up test (NWT). The NWT is considered to be the gold-standard for neuro-monitoring (1, 3), and is the basis for neuroanatomical localization of pathology, identifying undiagnosed neurologic ailments, detecting early neurologic signs of insult, determining prognosis, and guiding appropriate therapy (3, 7, 14).
Is ICP monitoring recommended for TBI?
ICP monitoring is recommended as part of the official TBI guidelines (20); consequently, there is widespread use of ICP monitoring of brain injured patients across NCCUs (7, 9, 21). The Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) recommends monitoring for comatose patients [GCS of (3–8)] that have an abnormal CT scan (22).
What is neurological examination?
Definition/Introduction. The neurological examination is an assessment tool to determine a patient's neurologic function. It is beneficial in a variety of ways as it allows the localization of neurologic diseases and helps in ruling in or ruling out differential diagnoses. Neurological diseases can present a myriad of ways, ...
Why are certain maneuvers incorporated into neurologic examinations?
Certain maneuvers can be incorporated to increase the sensitivity of an exam for a certain symptom; an elderly patient with memory deficits will require a more in-depth cognitive assessment than a young patient with ptosis. Clinical Significance. A basic neurologic examination can be performed rapidly with practice.
Why are red flags important in neurology?
Certain red flags during examination allow early detection of life-threatening neurologic diseases and recognize disorders that may negatively impact the quality of life.[1] The neurological examination is an assessment tool to determine a patient's neurologic function. It is beneficial in a variety of ways as it allows the localization ...
How to tell if a person has sensorineural hearing loss?
The vestibulocochlear nerve (Cranial nerve VIII) supplies functions in hearing and equilibrium. Gross assessment of function can be done by whispering words behind the patient, or rubbing fingers or hair together close to the ear, and asking if the patient can hear. If a hearing deficit is established, doing a Weber and Rinne test can differentiate a sensorineural from a conductive hearing loss. A normal Rinne exam will exhibit air conduction (AC) greater than bone conduction (BC). A conductive hearing loss will show BC greater than AC. In patients with sensorineural hearing loss, AC will be greater than BC, but for a shorter duration when compared to a normal subject. A normal Weber test shows hearing the sound/vibration equally in both ears. A conductive hearing loss will lateralize the sound to the abnormal ear while a sensorineural hearing loss will lateralize to the normal ear. [16]
What is the purpose of proper diagnosis in pediatrics?
In the examination of a pediatric patient, proper diagnoses begin with understanding which specific age groups are prone to developing certain disease processes. It is also important to keep in mind that the manifestation of certain neurologic illnesses can be vastly different in children and adults.
How to test for deep tendon reflexes?
The assessment of the deep tendon reflexes can be done by tapping a specific tendon with a reflex hammer and observing for a reflex muscle contraction. These tests a specific spinal cord level (biceps C5-C6, triceps C7, knees L3-L4, ankles S1-S2) and helps in localizing the level of a lesion. Reflexes are scored as follows: 0 - absent, 1+ - trace, 2+ - normal, 3+ - brisk, 4+ - nonsustained clonus, and 5+ - sustained clonus.
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NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
What is neurotherapy practice?
The techniques learned in neurotherapy can also be practiced when you're engaged in normal, everyday activities at work, school, or home. This practice helps you train your brain to respond in a healthier way in the environments you spend most of your time.
What is neurotherapy?
What Neurotherapy Can Help With. Neurotherapy addresses brain dysregulation. A variety of conditions and symptoms are related to brain dysregulation, so there are many applications for neurotherapy. Some of the most common conditions treated with neurotherapy include: Anxiety disorders.
How long does neurotherapy last?
A neurotherapy session typically lasts between 30 and 60 minutes. Standard neurotherapy usually involves 30 to 40 sessions. The number of sessions a person needs varies, but it's rare for a person to need more than 40 sessions. The techniques learned in neurotherapy can also be practiced when you're engaged in normal, everyday activities at work, ...
Why is neurotherapy important?
Neurotherapy can also provide a clearer mindset, which is helpful for making more positive decisions, such as choosing to abstain from an addictive substance or behavior.
How many types of neurotherapy are there?
There are seven types of neurotherapy for the treatment of various conditions: 1
What is neurofeedback therapy?
Neurotherapy, also called neurofeedback and electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback, is a drug-free treatment that helps people improve their brain function. It's based on the idea that you can consciously alter the way your brain functions using real-time displays of your brain's electrical activity (known as brainwaves). How Biofeedback Works.
How does an EEG work?
It's similar to the doctor using a stethoscope to listen to your heartbeat. Your therapist will guide you through some simple activities while the EEG records the electrical impulses in your brain. Depending on your treatment plan, you may be asked to watch images on a screen, play a video game, or listen to music.
What is neuropsychological evaluation?
A neuropsychological evaluation, also called neuropsychological testing, is an in-depth assessment of skills and abilities linked to brain function. The evaluation measures such areas as attention, problem solving, memory, language, I.Q., visual-spatial skills, academic skills, and social-emotional functioning. A neuropsychological evaluation is different from tests included in a neurological evaluation (e.g., EEG) or neuroimaging (e.g., CT or MRI scan).
How are neuropsychological fees determined?
Fees are determined based on the type of neuropsychological evaluation needed and can vary widely depending on the type of clinical practice and the needs of the child.
How to find a neuropsychologist?
You may want to google neuropsychologists in your area or contact your local teaching hospital to find someone near you (for example, ColumbiaDoctors | Children’s Health or www.psychologytoday.com ). Your insurance company may also provide you with a list of neuropsychologists in your area who are in network. Since you will want to work with a neuropsychologist with whom you and your child feel comfortable, it’s reasonable to ask questions and/or check out their website before hiring them.
What does an updated evaluation of a child mean?
If your child has received a neuropsychological evaluation in the past, an updated evaluation can also suggest changes to treatment or intervention and/or document changes and development in skills over time.
Why are other children referred to neuropsychology?
Other children may be referred because of a concern or question. In either case, the results of a neuropsychological evaluation can help clarify diagnoses related to a range of learning and psychological concerns and develop specific recommendations to address a child’s needs at home and at school.
How long does it take for a child to go to the neuropsychologist?
During testing days, your child will typically meet alone with the neuropsychologist over two to three days for the length of a typical school day. However, the length of time for testing depends on the age and abilities of the child, as well as the reason for referral.
What are executive functioning weaknesses?
Executive-functioning weaknesses, such as difficulty planning and organizing
