 Process cooling.JPG)
What is a cooling system?
A cooling system is used to reject heat from a process or plant. There are many types of cooling systems available that are used in the oil and gas industry. To best optimize the efficiency of a cooling system, a “systems approach” should be used to identify potential savings and performance enhancement.
Why is cooling important in industrial applications?
In industrial applications, cooling can be critical to ensure that processes do not cause equipment or products to overheat. Many cooling applications use water as a medium to absorb heat, because water has a high boiling point and high specific heat.
What is a cooling tower water treatment system?
A cooling tower water treatment system is an arrangement of technologies that remove damaging impurities from your cooling tower feed water, circulation water, and/or blowdown.
What is once through cooling system?
# 1. Once Through Cooling System: Once through system means water circulates in the system only once & then discharged from the system. It means cooling water passes through the heat exchangers only once. This system is only applicable where plenty of water is available.
Is cooling system service necessary?
The simplest way to avoid overheating is to service the system every two years or according to your car manual recommendations. Flushing the coolant and replacing it with fresh fluid every two years or 30,000 miles is a good rule. While you perform this service, inspect the hoses and radiator cap for wear.
What is the purpose of the cooling system?
The cooling system serves three important functions. First, it removes excess heat from the engine; second, it maintains the engine operating temperature where it works most efficiently; and finally, it brings the engine up to the right operating temperature as quickly as possible.
What is the purpose of flushing the cooling system?
A coolant flush can prevent damage to both your vehicle's cooling system and engine. Keeping your system clear of unwanted debris can protect components of your cooling system, such as hoses and coolant lines. These elements of your engine's cooling system can prevent significant damage to your vehicle.
What is radiator treatment?
Hi-Tec Radiator Treatment is a corrosion inhibitor designed to be used in the cooling systems of most types of water cooled internal combustion engines. It is specially formulated to inhibit the development of rust and scale and forms a protective film that lubricates water pump seals and prevents frictional wear.
What are the 4 functions of a cooling system?
The cooling system has four primary functions as follows: Remove excess heat from the engine, Maintain a constant engine operating temperature, Increase the temperature of a cold engine as quickly as possible, Provide a means for heater operation (warming the passenger compartment).
What are the common problems of cooling system?
The four common problems with cooling systems we will cover on our blog, include:Water pump failure.Leaky radiator hoses.Radiator leaks.Thermostat failures.
What happens if you don't flush coolant?
The coolant can become more acidic over time and lose its rust-inhibiting properties, causing corrosion. Corrosion can damage the radiator, water pump, thermostat, radiator cap, hoses and other parts of the cooling system, as well as to the vehicle heater system. And that can cause a car engine to overheat.
How do I know if I need a coolant flush?
Vehicle Overheating and High Temperature Gauge The primary role that coolant plays in your vehicle's functioning is keeping your engine temperatures low. If you find that your temperature gauge is always high and your engine is frequently overheating, chances are that you need a coolant flush.
Does a coolant flush clean the heater core?
After they will drain the system once more. Then they will wash out the area near the water pump, where there are a lot of little seals that, if cracked, can cause leaks and add even more debris to your cooling system. After another drain, your mechanic will wash out the heater core.
How often should I flush my central heating system?
every 5 to 6 yearsIf you want to keep your system in tip-top shape then power flushing every 5 to 6 years is a good idea. Still, you should be able to get away with power-flushing your radiators every 8 to 10 years depending on the quality of the materials used in your system.
How often should you have your radiator flushed?
every 30,000 milesMost agree that if you have a new car with less than 10,000 miles on it, there should be no need to do a radiator flush for at least a year. If there are no other signs that you need to flush out your radiator, you should do it at least every 30,000 miles or according to your owner's manual recommended schedule.
How much should a coolant flush cost?
The average cost to flush coolant from a radiator is anywhere from $100 to $200. The exact cost will usually depend on where you go (an independent mechanic will be cheaper than a dealership). Some less reputable shops might only charge between $50 and $100.
Why is fresh water added to cooling towers?
Fresh water is being added to cooling water towers to replace water lost through leaks or evaporation. But this makeup water contains minerals, dirt, debris and other impurities that build up and insulate the metal surfaces. Our forgiving polymers help prevent scale and deposits from forming over a wide operating range, are halogen stable, and can handle iron or aluminum contamination.
What is Nalco water?
Nalco Water offers a variety of chlorine dioxide offerings suited for applications from traditional cooling water microbial control to secondary disinfection. Purate™ technology was developed with for large industrial systems while AccuPro™ is suited for medium to small cooling water systems.
How are cooling systems used?
Cooling systems are used in a large variety of applications and locations. A typical project will consider the use of cooling systems during initial project planning, determine operating conditions, and evaluate site conditions, environment, layout, available water, power consumption, operation, applicable regulations, in addition to energy efficiency before selecting a type of cooling system. Existing systems with worn or outdated equipment may be improved by looking at new technology that operates more efficiently after performing a complete system assessment.
What is a cooling system?
A cooling system is used to reject heat from a process or plant. There are many types of cooling systems available that are used in the oil and gas industry. To best optimize the efficiency of a cooling system, a “systems approach” should be used to identify potential savings and performance enhancement.
What are the principles of cooling?
The main cooling system principles are: Open or closed system, designates whether the coolant is allowed to contact the environment or not. Open systems – process medium is in contact with the environment. Only applied to a wet system but may be a once through or recirculated design.
How does a cooling tower affect cooling capacity?
Cooling capacity may be increased by adding additional cooling cells or by correcting design sizing errors.
How many heat exchangers are there in an indirect cooling system?
Indirect – there are at least two heat exchangers, and a closed secondary coolant between the process media and the primary coolant. Indirect cooling systems are applied where leakage of process substances into the environment must be strictly avoided 2.
How to reduce the need for cooling systems?
By decreasing the amount of non-recoverable heat to be rejected to the environment, a plant can reduce its need for cooling systems and increase overall plant efficiency. Adding variable flow fans and pumps will allow scalable operation and improve efficiency of a cooling system.
How to determine efficiency gains in a cooling system?
In order to determine whether efficiency gains in a cooling system may be achieved, one should understand the types of systems and their strengths and shortfalls. Cooling systems are available in many types of design and construction, each with its advantages and limitations. In general, all cooling systems will utilize a combination of several ...
How to increase cooling tower cycles?
Chemical treatment is essential for this system. You can increase cycles of concentration of cooling tower with the help of proper treatment programs. You can also save large amount of water by operating cooling tower on higher COC.
Why is open recirculating system better than conventional recirculating system?
In conclusion, Open recirculating system is best choice because it saves large amount of water & you can also control scaling & corrosion by applying suitable chemical treatment.
Why is chlorination limited?
The possibility of chemical treatment is also limited because all added chemical discharged from the system after completion of first cycle which is environmentally & economically not favorable. Normally, only chlorination is helpful to this type of the system for microbiological control.
Why do cooling towers need water treatment?
Water treatment systems that work on cooling towers are effective because they are versatile. Regardless of what style or material your water tower is made out of, you will be able to find a water treatment option that works in your system.
What is filtration in cooling towers?
Filtration & Ultrafiltration. Filtration systems are some most common water treatment options for cooling towers. Filters may look like bags or a series of mesh screens. How many and what size you will need depends on your specific situation. Filtration works by passing water through progressively smaller spaces.
How to soften water in a cooling tower?
You can soften your water by inserting lime, or you can opt for a resin. This resin will be charged with sodium ions; as the hard water comes through, the resin will release the sodium and grab the minerals in the water, because the resin is built to have a stronger affinity for elements like calcium and magnesium. This will improve the quality of your water without introducing harmful byproducts.
Why is ultrafiltration important?
However, particles that are smaller than the gaps continue on, and that is why ultrafiltration using a system of filters is important. When multiple filters are used, each getting progressively more restrictive, these pollutants that pass through larger holes are trapped later on in the process.
Why is it important to get in touch with a water treatment expert?
This is why it is important to get in touch with a skilled water treatment expert who can review your cooling tower and make recommendations that are personalized to your situation.
Is it necessary to clean a cooling tower before running it?
Thus, it is essential to ensure the cooling tower is properly cleaned and maintained before running the system.
Can cooling towers be reused?
Some cooling towers will choose to reuse or recycle water through reverse osmosis or other options. This opens reused water to new contaminants, even if it was cleaned before. Demineralization treatment may be useful here to remove the most common contaminants that reenter the water as part of this process.
Once-Through Cooling System
In once-through cooling, water is pumped from a nearby source, and passes only once through the system to absorb process heat. It is then discharged back into the original source. This source may be a river, lake, ocean, or well.
Cooling Tower Water Quality
Cooling systems rely on water as a heat transfer medium. This means that water quality becomes essential for continuous operation of any cooling system. Understanding the type of cooling system in your application will help determine the most effective water treatment plan.
What happens if a closed cooling system fails?
Failure of a closed system has the potential to shut down a portion, if not all, of a plant’s operation. While closed cooling is suitable for many applications, neglect of water treatment and monitoring can lead to corrosion and fouling.
What material is used for heat exchangers?
Typical piping material for CCW systems is carbon steel, with stainless steel or perhaps copper alloys being a common choice for heat exchanger tubes, or plates in a P&F exchanger. Other metals may include aluminum or those metals contained in the solder of fittings within heat exchanger cooling coils.
How does corrosion inhibitor work?
Corrosion inhibitors function by slowing down reactions at the anode, the cathode, or sometimes both. For years during the last century, chromate (CrO42-) was very popular for corrosion control in many cooling systems, both open and closed.
Can oxygen enter cooling water?
Systems are often designed with a head tank for water makeup and to handle changes in demand. Thus, it is often possible for some oxygen to enter the cooling water, which, of course, can influence the corro sion potential. Although it may be possible to utilize water with varying qualities in CCW systems, a common choice ...
Is fouling a problem in a closed system?
Theoretically, in a closed system with no organic loading the conditions are unfavorable for microbiological fouling. Yet, fouling can be problematic in some systems, and particularly those that use some form of organic chemicals, e.g., azoles or dispersants, that can break down and provide food for microbes.
