Can cognitive enhancing drugs improve cognitive function in Sud patients?
In a recent study, high-dosed sustained-release dexamphetamine has shown positive clinical effects (fewer days of cocaine use) in cocaine-dependent heroin patients. 87 Taken together, treatment with cognitive enhancing drugs does seem to carry promise both in enhancing cognitive function and clinical outcome in SUD patients.
What are cognitive enhancing medications?
Many of these cognitive-enhancing medications may have mood-elevating and antidepressant effects as well (e.g., atomoxetine, memantine, or modafinil) (Dell'Osso et al., 2011; Hashimoto, 2009).
Can we rescue cognition in substance-use disorder-related cognitive deficits?
In this targeted review, we summarize current knowledge on substance-use disorder (SUD)-related cognitive deficits, the link between these deficits and clinical outcomes, and the cognitive training, remediation, and pharmacological approaches that have the potential to rescue cognition.
Is cognitive enhancement a pharmacotherapy target for stimulant addiction?
Sofuoglu M. Cognitive enhancement as a pharmacotherapy target for stimulant addiction. Addiction. 2010;105:38–48. [PMC free article][PubMed] [Google Scholar]
How does the cognitive approach explain addiction?
Such a belief strengthens the reliance on addictive substances (or activities) as a means of relief from unpleasant feelings. Cognitive therapy teaches people to realize we cause our own feelings, not other people. It is what we think and believe about things that causes our feelings.
What are the cognitive effects of drugs?
Brain-imaging studies in humans and neuropsychological studies in nonhuman animals have shown that repeated drug use causes disruptions in the brain's highly evolved frontal cortex, which regulates cognitive activities such as decision-making, response inhibition, planning and memory.
What techniques are used to treat addiction?
Some of the most common forms of modern addiction treatment include behavioral therapies delivered as individual therapy, group therapy, and family therapy.
What are the 6 ways to help someone who is addicted to drugs?
7 Tips for Helping Someone with an AddictionTip #1: Educate Yourself. Get information about addictions. ... Tip #2: Get Support. ... Tip #3: Get Counseling. ... Tip #4: Seek Specialty Help. ... Tip #5: Don't Enable. ... Tip #6: Have Realistic Expectations. ... Tip #7: Take Care of Yourself.
What cognitive means?
Definition of cognitive 1 : of, relating to, being, or involving conscious intellectual activity (such as thinking, reasoning, or remembering) cognitive impairment. 2 : based on or capable of being reduced to empirical factual knowledge.
Can drugs cause cognitive problems?
Psychoactive drugs, antidepressants and anticonvulsants can cause dementia and delirium. In addition, non-psychoactive drugs such as histamine H2 receptor antagonists, corticosteroids, NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent), and cardiac medications, may cause acute or chronic cognitive impairment.
What is the most effective treatment for addiction?
According to American Addiction Centers, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a valuable treatment tool because it can be used for many different types of addiction including, but not limited to, food addiction, alcohol addiction, and prescription drug addiction.
What are two types of treatment available for someone who is addicted to drugs?
There are many options that have been successful in treating drug addiction, including:behavioral counseling.medication.medical devices and applications used to treat withdrawal symptoms or deliver skills training.evaluation and treatment for co-occurring mental health issues such as depression and anxiety.More items...•
What is the first step in treating a drug abuse problem?
Detoxification is normally the first step in treatment. This involves clearing a substance from the body and limiting withdrawal reactions. In 80 percent of cases, a treatment clinic will use medications to reduce withdrawal symptoms, according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).
What rehab has the highest success rate?
Roughly 80 percent of patients report benefiting from improved quality of life and health after completing drug and alcohol rehab. Florida has the highest success rates of drug rehab compared to all other states.
What does drug addiction cause?
Drug addiction can lead to a range of both short-term and long-term mental and physical health problems. These depend on what drug is taken. Accidents. People who are addicted to drugs are more likely to drive or do other dangerous activities while under the influence.
What things can you suggest to prevent drug use?
It can be hard to completely avoid all those situations, but steps you can take include:avoiding places where you know drugs and alcohol will be available.surrounding yourself with friends who don't use drugs.knowing how to resist temptation.learning how to cope with stress and relax without drugs.More items...•
Does chronic drug use affect attention?
Current evidence indicates that most forms of chronic drug use may be associated with significant cognitive impairments, especially in attention, working memory, and response inhibition functions. In some studies, these impairments predict poor treatment retention and outcome.
Is cognitive enhancement a treatment for drug addiction?
Cognitive enhancement as a treatment for drug addictions. Drug addiction continues to be an important public health problem, with an estimated 22.6 million current illicit drug users in the United States alone. For many addictions, including cocaine, methamphetamine, and marijuana addiction, there are no approved pharmacological treatments.
Is behavioral therapy effective?
Behavioral treatments are effective but effects vary widely across individuals. Treatments that are effective across multiple addictions are greatly needed, and accumulating evidence suggests that one such approach may be pharmacological or behavioral interventions that enhance executive inhibitory control in addicts.
What is the accumulating data on cognitive deficits among substance users?
The accumulating data on cognitive deficits among substance users has also led to articulation of how behavioral approaches might be developed or modified to address these issues in clinical samples.
What is cognitive impairment?
► Long-term drug use is associated with a wide-range of cognitive impairments. ► Cognitive impairments are potential targets for the treatment of addictive disorders. ► These impairments can be targeted by both medications and behavioral approaches. ► Cognitive enhancement to improve treatment outcomes is a novel strategy.
How is sustained attention controlled?
Sustained attention is controlled by both bottom-up and top-down processes ( Posner and Rothbart, 1998 ). Bottom-up processing, also known as exogenous or stimulus-driven attention, refers to an automatic process driven by external stimuli (e.g. visual drug cues). Top-down processing, also known as the endogenous or executive attention, is controlled via engagement of PFC and basal ganglia neural circuitry and is closely linked to working memory and response inhibition functions ( Rueda et al., 2005 ). Sustained attention is often measured by continuous performance tasks, such as Rapid Visual Information Processing task (RVIP; ( Turner et al., 2005 )) where subjects are asked to attend to rapidly presented visual stimuli and respond to specific stimuli which are presented infrequently.
What is response inhibition?
Response inhibition refers to the ability to voluntarily inhibit a dominant, automatic, or pre-potent response ( Friedman et al., 2008) and is often assessed via tasks such as the Stop-Signal Task (SST) or Go/No-Go ( Eagle et al., 2008 ). The SST is a speeded choice response task (e.g. press right button as quickly as possible for a right-pointing arrow and left button for a left-pointing arrow). Similarly, the Go/No-Go task presents a majority of ‘go’ trials, but intermixes a small proportion of ‘stop’ trials. In both tasks the motor response is correct in the majority of trials, therefore it becomes pre-potent as the task is learned and this response must be actively inhibited in the minority of ‘stop’ or ‘no-go’ trials.