What are the signs and symptoms of multiple system atrophy (MSA)?
1. What is “atypical” in Ms. X’s symptoms? How does this affect treatment and prognosis? 2. What information do serum enzyme and electrolyte levels provide? 3. What purpose does the ECG serve? It is determined that Ms. X. has a large infarct in the anterior left ventricle. 4. Ms. X. is showing increasing PVCs on the ECG.
What is the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis?
Inactivity can cause loss of muscle tone, weakness (not related to demyelination), poor posture, decreased bone density (increased risk of fracture) and shallow, inefficient breathing. Immobility can cause pressure sores. While secondary symptoms can be treated, the optimal goal is to avoid them by treating the primary symptoms.
What are the main features of multiple sclerosis?
What is "atypical" in Ms. X's symptoms? How does this 6. What information do serum enzyme and electrolyte 7. What purpose does the ECG serve? left ventricle. 8. Ms. X. is showing increasing PVCs on the ECG. State the affect treatment and prognosis? levels provide? It is determined that Ms. X. has a large infarct in the anterior cause and ...
Can a small increase in body temperature cause MS symptoms to worsen?
What is “atypical” in Ms. X’s symptoms? How does this affect treatment and prognosis? What information do serum enzyme and electrolyte levels provide? What purpose does the ECG serve? It is determined that Ms. X. has a large infarct in the anterior left ventricle. Ms. X. is showing increasing PVCs on the ECG.
Which of the following patients might you expect to present with atypical symptoms of an MI?
Which patients more often present with atypical MI symptoms?
What are atypical MI symptoms?
What symptoms may describe an atypical presentation of acute myocardial ischemia?
What increases the likelihood of atypical chest pain presentation?
What is atypical chest pain?
What does atypical mean in medicine?
How is atypical angina treated?
What is the difference between typical and atypical angina?
What type of T cells cause disability and axon loss in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis?
Deb C. CD8+ T cells cause disability and axon loss in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. PLoS One. 2010;5:e12478.
How long does MS last?
These relapses are followed by quiet periods of disease remission that can last months or even years.
What is the term for a disease that can be disabling?
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).
What is the effect of MS on the body?
Depending on where the nerve damage occurs, MS can affect vision, sensation, coordination, movement, and bladder and bowel control. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease ...
How do you know if you have multiple sclerosis?
Multiple sclerosis signs and symptoms may differ greatly from person to person and over the course of the disease depending on the location of affected nerve fibers. Symptoms often affect movement, such as: Numbness or weakness in one or more limbs that typically occurs on one side of your body at a time, or your legs and trunk.
What is the term for a person who has a gradual onset and steady progression of symptoms without any re
Some people with MS experience a gradual onset and steady progression of signs and symptoms without any relapses, known as primary-progressive MS.
Why does MS develop in some people and not others?
It isn't clear why MS develops in some people and not others. A combination of genetics and environmental factors appears to be responsible.
Which troponins are elevated acutely in myocardial infarction?
Cardiac-specific troponins I and T, creatine kinase (CK), the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), and myoglobin are also elevated acutely in myocardial infarction and are a sign of myocardial injury.
What is the effect of diastolic pressure on myocardium?
D. Increase in diastolic pressure can impede blood supply to myocardium increasing the risk for myocardial ischemia and infarction.
What causes myocardial infarction?
Atherosclerosis causes narrowing and stenosis of vessels resulting in reduced oxygen and blood supply to the myocardium. This results in hypoxia and ischemia leading to death of myocardial cells. The ischemia is the cause of the pain the patient is experiencing. Myocardial ischemia results in myocardial infarction which is the cause of the heart attack.
What electrolytes are elevated in myocardial infarction?
Serum sodium potassium and calcium are considered to be major electrolytes associated with electrophysiological properties of myocardial membrane. These electrolytes are elevated in myocardial infarction. When a myocardial cell dies it releases the intracellular electrolytes like Potassium and calcium hence elevated in MI.
What is the term for a form of hypertension that has no identifiable secondary cause?
Essential hypertension also called primary hypertension, or idiopathic hypertension is the form of hypertension that by definition has no identifiable secondary cause.
Can a myocardial infarction cause indigestion?
No it was not. Myo cardial infarction can sometimes present with epigastric pain and discomfort which can mimic indigestion therefore this was not true indigestion.
How to diagnose atypical Parkinson's disease?
To diagnose an atypical Parkinsonian disorder in a patient exhibiting symptoms, the doctor will start with a thorough history and neurologic exam, and determine the next course of action if Parkinson’s disease drug therapy does not resolve the problem .
What is the effect of multiple system atrophy on the body?
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) can affect autonomic function , with urinary urgency, retention and incontinence, constipation, lightheadedness when standing (orthostasis) and significant otherwise unexplained erectile dysfunction in men. Patients may experience color and temperature changes in hands and feet, such as redness and coldness.
What is the term for tauopathy that affects one side of the body more than the other?
Corticobasal syndrome, a rare tauopathy that typically affects one side of the body more than the other and makes it difficult for patients to see and navigate through space
What is the name of the condition where the body is on one side?
The symptoms of corticobasal syndrome (CBS) often appear only on one side of the body. Dystonia (abnormal posture of the limbs) and myoclonus (sudden jerking) may occur. Some patients may have difficulties with simple arithmetic early on.
What does MSA affect?
Patients may experience color and temperature changes in hands and feet, such as redness and coldness. When MSA affects the cerebellum, patients may have ataxia, characterized by a wide-based unsteady gait, and lack of coordination in the hands, feet or both.
Which part of the nervous system controls internal functions such as heartbeat, blood pressure, urination digestion, and
Multiple system atrophy, another synucleinopathy that affects the autonomic nervous system (the part of the nervous system that controls internal functions such as heartbeat, blood pressure, urination digestion), substantia nigra and at times the cerebellum.
What are the different types of brain diseases?
The term refers to several conditions, each affecting particular parts of the brain and showing a characteristic course: 1 Dementia with Lewy bodies, characterized by an abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein protein in brain cells (“synucleinopathy”) 2 Progressive supranuclear palsy, involving tau protein buildup (“tauopathy”) affecting the frontal lobes, brainstem, cerebellum and substantia nigra 3 Multiple system atrophy, another synucleinopathy that affects the autonomic nervous system (the part of the nervous system that controls internal functions such as heartbeat, blood pressure, urination digestion), substantia nigra and at times the cerebellum 4 Corticobasal syndrome, a rare tauopathy that typically affects one side of the body more than the other and makes it difficult for patients to see and navigate through space