Full Answer
What is Antinomy?
antinomy, in philosophy, contradiction, real or apparent, between two principles or conclusions, both of which seem equally justified; it is nearly synonymous with the termparadox.
What is an antinomy paradox?
A paradox such as " this sentence is false " can also be considered to be an antinomy; for the sentence to be true, it must be false, and vice versa.
What is antimony used for Today?
It was used in glaze and pigment in ancient Babylon, and in the Middle Ages it was used to harden lead to make move typeface after the invention of the printing press. What is Antimony Used for Today. Modern uses of Antimony also take advantage of its hardening effect in alloys.
What does the Bible say about antinomy?
The very existence of antinomy says that there are things in the universe that we do not have the equipment to fathom. The Bible presents humility as an important virtue (see James 4:6 ). When God allowed Satan to attack Job, Job was confused. There was not any reason, that he could see, for God to allow this.
What are Antimonial drugs?
Antimonials, in pre-modern medicine, were remedies principally containing antimony, used chiefly for emetic purposes. They might also have qualified for cathartic, diaphoretic, or simply alternative uses. Such treatments were considered unparalleled in their strength.
What is antimony treatment?
Antimonials are usually administered intravenously or through intramuscular injection but can also be administered by intralesional injections to treat localized cutaneous leishmaniasis. Pentavalent antimonials were considered for a long time, in most parts of the world, as the first-line therapy for leishmaniasis.
What is used in treatment of kala-azar?
The aim of treatment in kala-azar is killing of the parasite with effective drugs which are cheap and less toxic. Pentavalent antimonials are the first line drugs and pentamidine and amphotericin B are the second line drugs. Recently the latter are being used as first line drugs also [12].
How is leishmaniasis treated in humans?
Liposomal amphotericin B is FDA-approved for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis and generally is the treatment of choice for U.S. patients.
Who is a source of leishmaniasis?
Leishmaniasis is due to protozoan parasites from the Leishmania species. You get leishmaniasis from being bitten by an infected sand fly. The parasite lives and multiplies inside the female sand fly. This insect is most active in humid environments during the warmer months and at night, from dusk to dawn.
What is post kala-azar?
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a complication of visceral leishmaniasis (VL); it is characterised by a macular, maculopapular, and nodular rash in a patient who has recovered from VL and who is otherwise well.
Which organ is affected by kala-azar?
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar is fatal if left untreated in over 95% of cases. It is characterized by irregular bouts of fever, weight loss, enlargement of the spleen and liver, and anaemia. Most cases occur in Brazil, East Africa and in India.
Can kala-azar be cured?
Symptoms of affected patients are fever, cachexia, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia. The disease is usually fatal, if left untreated. Traditionally kala-azar is treated with four weeks of injections of sodium stibogluconate, a pentavalent antimonial.
What is kala-azar prevention?
Spray living/sleeping areas with an insecticide to kill insects. If you are not sleeping in a well-screened or air-conditioned area, use a bed net and tuck it under your mattress. If possible, use a bed net that has been soaked in or sprayed with a pyrethroid-containing insecticide.
What is the drug of choice for treatment of leishmaniasis?
Sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) Sodium stibogluconate has been the drug of choice for the treatment of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the United States. This agent is also effective against visceral leishmaniasis and is often the first-line treatment outside the United States.
Does leishmaniasis go away?
The skin sores of cutaneous leishmaniasis usually heal on their own, even without treatment. But this can take months or even years, and the sores can leave ugly scars.
How long does leishmaniasis last?
Individuals may develop lesions that are limited to one area of the body and may slowly heal on their own over 6-18 months. Lesions, however, usually leave noticeable scars.
Overview
Applications
About 60% of antimony is consumed in flame retardants, and 20% is used in alloys for batteries, plain bearings, and solders.
Antimony is mainly used as the trioxide for flame-proofing compounds, always in combination with halogenated flame retardants except in halogen-containing polymers. The flame retarding effect of antimony trioxide is produced by the formation of halogenated antimony compounds, which r…
Characteristics
Antimony is a member of group 15 of the periodic table, one of the elements called pnictogens, and has an electronegativity of 2.05. In accordance with periodic trends, it is more electronegative than tin or bismuth, and less electronegative than tellurium or arsenic. Antimony is stable in air at room temperature, but reacts with oxygen if heated to produce antimony trioxide, Sb2…
Compounds
Antimony compounds are often classified according to their oxidation state: Sb(III) and Sb(V). The +5 oxidation state is more stable.
Antimony trioxide is formed when antimony is burnt in air. In the gas phase, the molecule of the compound is Sb 4O 6, but it polymerizes upon condensing. Antimony pentoxide (Sb 4O 10) can be formed only by oxidation with concentr…
History
Antimony(III) sulfide, Sb2S3, was recognized in predynastic Egypt as an eye cosmetic (kohl) as early as about 3100 BC, when the cosmetic palette was invented.
An artifact, said to be part of a vase, made of antimony dating to about 3000 BC was found at Telloh, Chaldea (part of present-day Iraq), and a copper object plat…
Production
The extraction of antimony from ores depends on the quality and composition of the ore. Most antimony is mined as the sulfide; lower-grade ores are concentrated by froth flotation, while higher-grade ores are heated to 500–600 °C, the temperature at which stibnite melts and separates from the gangue minerals. Antimony can be isolated from the crude antimony sulfide by reducti…
Precautions
The effects of antimony and its compounds on human and environmental health differ widely. Elemental antimony metal does not affect human and environmental health. Inhalation of antimony trioxide (and similar poorly soluble Sb(III) dust particles such as antimony dust) is considered harmful and suspected of causing cancer. However, these effects are only observed with female rats and after long-term exposure to high dust concentrations. The effects are hypot…
See also
• Phase change memory