What is the best way to manage postoperative pain?
Offer the patient pain medication 30-45 minutes before ambulation. b. Assist the patient to turn from side to side every 2 hours. c. Remind the patient to perform extremity exercises every 4 hours.
What should a postoperative nurse do if oxygen saturation drops to 95%?
A postoperative nurse is caring for a client whose oxygen saturation dropped from 98% to 95%. What action by the nurse is most appropriate? a. Assess other indicators of oxygenation. b. Call the Rapid Response Team.
What does the nurse do about the dressing after lower leg surgery?
The morning after a patient's lower leg surgery, the nurse notes that the dressing is wet from drainage. The surgeon has not yet been in to see the patient on rounds. What does the nurse do about the dressing? a. Removes the dressing and puts on a dry, sterile dressing.
What should the case manager do after sedation with midazolam?
Have the case manager arrange for a home health nurse to ensure that dressing changes are done and there are no complications or infection. f. Teach the patient and family the signs and symptoms of infection. 35. The patient who received moderate sedation with midazolam appears to be overly sedated and has respiratory depression.
Which drugs effect is reduced with concomitant administration of antacids?
Antacids reduce the bioavailability of the H2-receptor antagonists cimetidine and ranitidine only when high antacid doses are used and when the drugs are administered simultaneously.
Which are the adverse effects associated with aluminum containing antacids?
Antacids that contain aluminum hydroxide may cause constipation, aluminum-intoxication, osteomalacia, and hypophosphatemia.
Which health complication will the nurse expect in a patient who is on proton pump inhibitor PPI therapy for a prolonged time?
Since 2010, the FDA has issued various safety warnings regarding the potential effects of long-term use of PPIs: risk of fractures, hypomagnesemia, Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea, vitamin B12 deficiency, acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), and cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus events.
Which medication is contraindicated in the patient with pseudomembranous colitis and diarrhea?
Use of antidiarrheals (e.g., loperamide, Lomotil®) is contraindicated in all cases of pseudomembranous enterocolitis as this may exacerbate toxin-mediated disease and precipitate toxic megacolon.
Is ranitidine an antacid?
Ranitidine is a medicine that reduces the amount of acid your stomach makes. It was used for indigestion, heartburn and acid reflux, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD – this is when you keep getting acid reflux), and to prevent and treat stomach ulcers.
Which drug is used to treat hyperacidity?
Antacids. These agents neutralize gastric acid and reduce pepsin activity (which diminishes as gastric pH rises to > 4.0).
What is the most effective proton pump inhibitor?
For drug tolerance, omeprazole at 40 mg per day (89.9%) from the PPI family ranked first, followed by pantoprazole at 40 mg per day (82.9%), lansoprazole at 60 mg per day (82.6%), and ranitidine at 1200 mg per day (80.7%) from the H2RA family.
What is are potential risk s in treating elderly patients with proton pump inhibitor PPI therapy?
PPIs have been associated with an increased risk of a number of adverse effects including osteoporotic-related fractures, Clostridium difficile infection, community-acquired pneumonia, vitamin B12 deficiency, kidney disease, and dementia, demonstrated by a number of case-control, cohort studies, and meta-analyses.
Which of the following drugs reduces the effects of excess stomach acid?
Examples of H2 antagonists commonly used to suppress gastric acid secretion include cimetidine (Tagamet HB), ranitidine (Zantac 75), famotidine (Pepcid AC) and nizatidine (Axid AR). These drugs, particularly cimetidine, are among the most widely prescribed drugs in man.
What is the drug of choice for Clostridium difficile?
The two most common drugs used to treat C. difficile are metronidazole (500 mg PO TID) and vancomycin (125 mg PO QID) for 10–14 days.
What is the drug of choice for pseudomembranous colitis?
Depending on your condition, vancomycin or fidaxomicin (Dificid) is most often used. If these drugs are not available or cannot be tolerated, then metronidazole (Flagyl) may be used. For severe disease, your doctor may prescribe vancomycin by mouth combined with intravenous metronidazole or a vancomycin enema.
Which drug should be used cautiously in infectious diarrhea?
International guidelines now often support the use of loperamide for the treatment of infectious diarrhoea without dysentery. There seems to be no reason to systematically avoid loperamide in patients with dysentery, but caution is advised.