Monoclonal antibodies are used to detect serum antigens associated with specific malignancies. These tumor markers are most useful for monitoring response to therapy and detecting early relapse. With the exception of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), tumor markers do not have sufficient sensitivity or specificity for use in screening.
Full Answer
What is a useful serum marker during treatment for prostatic cancer group of answer choices?
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the most useful marker in prostate cancer [44]. PSA doubling time is used to assess risk as well as a guide treatment decisions. However PSA has many limitations.
Which of the following is the common first site for metastasis from prostatic cancer?
The most frequent site of metastasis for prostate cancer is the bone (84% of the cases), followed by distant lymph nodes (10.6%), liver (10.2%), and lungs (9.1%) [3].
Why does severe pain occur with each menstrual cycle?
During your menstrual period, your uterus contracts to help expel its lining. Hormonelike substances (prostaglandins) involved in pain and inflammation trigger the uterine muscle contractions. Higher levels of prostaglandins are associated with more-severe menstrual cramps.
Which term refers to excessive fluid collecting around the testes?
A hydrocele (HI-droe-seel) is a type of swelling in the scrotum that occurs when fluid collects in the thin sheath surrounding a testicle.
What PSA indicates metastasis?
Conclusions: Serum PSA < 20 ng/ml have high predictive value in ruling out skeletal metastasis.
Where are metastases of prostate tumors most commonly located?
In practice, though, prostate cancer metastasis occurs most often in the lymph nodes and the bones. Prostate cancer metastasis occurs when cells break away from the tumor in the prostate.
Why do girls have periods?
As a woman, your period is your body's way of releasing tissue that it no longer needs. Every month, your body prepares for pregnancy. The lining of your uterus gets thicker as preparation for nurturing a fertilized egg. An egg is released and is ready to be fertilized and settle in the lining of your uterus.
How does lemon stop your period?
No. Drinking a shot of lemon juice won't delay your period or make it stop. Using a hormonal birth control method is the only way to lighten or control when you get your period: When taking a hormonal birth control method, like the pill, ring, and patch, you have the ability to skip your period.
How can you stop your period for a night?
But as frustrating as it can be to have your period coincide with your plans, there's no reliable way to stop your period for a single night after it's already started. You've probably come across all kinds of claims that doing this or taking that will stop your period on command.
Do your balls get bigger when you get older?
As you age, your testicles may grow smaller (atrophy) somewhat. Your scrotum may hang lower than it did when you were younger. These are normal changes. But if you notice other changes to the size or feel of your testicles or scrotum, get a doctor's evaluation to rule out any possible health conditions.
What causes a man's balls to swell up?
Swollen testicles (also known as scrotal swelling) can be a sign of a variety of things, including injury, infection or a testicular tumor. If you have swollen testicles, they appear larger and may be red or shiny. You may notice a lump, but you may also have swelling with no lump.
What is the line down the middle of your balls?
There is a longitudinal line in the middle of the scrotum called the scrotal raphe. Left and right genital eminences fuse at the scrotal raphe which links forward to the penile raphe at the root of the penis and backward to the perineal raphe.
What hormones does the fetus secrete during the latter half of the menstrual cycle?
c. It secretes estrogen and progesterone during the latter half of the menstrual cycle.
What hormones control follicles?
c. It is controlled by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone.
Which cord suspends the testes?
b. The testes are suspended by the spermatic cord.
What happens to a tumor in time?
a. The tumor usually becomes malignant in time.
Which cord suspends the testes?
b. The testes are suspended by the spermatic cord.
What happens to a tumor in time?
a. The tumor usually becomes malignant in time.