What is pump and treat?
Pump and treat refers to the process of pumping contaminated groundwater to a surface collection system through wells screened in the saturated zone and then treating the contaminated water with one or more ex situ treatment technologies. In this context, pump and treat may be considered to be a treatment rather than containment option.
Is pump-and-treat technology a containment or treatment option?
However, in terms of the in situ aspects of pump and treat, which is pumping, not treatment, the pump-and-treat technology typically is categorized as a containment option.
What types of industrial pumps are used in water treatment facilities?
Here are some of the most common types of industrial pumps found in water treatment facilities in our area. Positive displacement pumps are designed to enclose and then force out a specific amount of fluid into a discharge pipe. These pumps are available in a wide range of configurations, including the following:
What is an it pump and how does it work?
An IT pump is often a last resort treatment for cancer pain. It is also useful for people with other chronic pain conditions such as post-laminectomy syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), arachnoiditis, chronic pancreatitis, and chronic muscle spasms.
What is pump and treat?
Pump and treat refers to the process of pumping contaminated groundwater to a surface collection system through wells screened in the saturated zone and then treating the contaminated water with one or more ex situ treatment technologies. In this context, pump and treat may be considered to be a treatment rather than containment option. However, in terms of the in situ aspects of pump and treat, which is pumping, not treatment, the pump-and-treat technology typically is categorized as a containment option.
What is the purpose of pump and treat?
Pump and treat is a common method for cleaning up groundwater contaminated with dissolved chemicals, including industrial solvents, metals, and fuel oil. Groundwater is pumped from wells to an above-ground treatment system that removes the contaminants. Pump and treat systems also are used to contain the contaminant plume.
How does soil venting work?
Because air is much less viscous than water, much less energy is required to pump air. Thus it is usually cheaper and more effective to use soil venting rather than soil washing to remove volatile contaminants from the vadose zone. There are two key conditions for using soil venting. First, the soil must contain a gas phase through which the contaminated air can travel. This condition generally limits the use of soil venting to the vadose zone. In some cases groundwater is pumped to lower the water table, thus allowing the use of soil venting for zones that were formerly water saturated. Second, contaminants must be capable of transfer from other phases (solid, water, immiscible liquid) to the gas phase. This requirement limits soil venting to volatile and semivolatile contaminants. Fortunately, many of the organic contaminants of greatest concern, such as chlorinated solvents (trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene) and certain components of fuels (benzene, toluene), are volatile or semivolatile. Soil venting is the most widely used method for removing volatile contaminants from contaminated vadose-zone systems.
What is groundwater pumping?
A groundwater pumping scheme combined with a treatment procedure , also called a pump-and-treat system, is usually designed for a specific groundwater contamination problem. The use of pump-and-treat systems is probably more widespread and successful than all other restoration techniques combined. Large expenditures are made each year to prepare for and operate pump-and-treat remediation of groundwater contamination ( Keely, 1989 ). The hydrogeology of the site, the source of the contaminant, and the characteristics of the contaminant must be understood if an efficient and cost-effective program is to be conducted.
How does a pump and treat system work?
Pump and treat systems also are used to contain the contaminant plume. Containment of the plume keeps it from spreading by pumping contaminated water toward the wells. This pumping helps keep contaminants from reaching drinking water wells, wetlands, streams, and other natural resources.
Why is the pump and treat method used?
Due to these limitations, the pump and treat method is now primarily used for free product recovery and control of contaminant plume migration.
How can plants be used as a natural pump and treat system?
Plants can be used as natural pump-and-treat systems for remediation of contaminated sites, this phenomenon is known as phytoremediation. This provides several advantages over other physical or chemical methods of environmental clean-up, like cost-effectiveness, easy handling, etc. However, natural hyperaccumulator plant species can be grown only in specific environmental conditions, and mostly suffer with limitations of having low biomass, shallow root system, less efficiency for uptake, accumulation, and degradation of xenobiotics and slow rate of phytoremediation. The genetic manipulation of plants using genes from their native metabolic pathway or microbial detoxification pathways could present a potential approach for improving phytoremediation capability of plants. Tremendous efforts have been put in this direction in the last few years. The present chapter comprehensively describes the current progress in the field of plant genetic engineering for efficient removal of recalcitrant inorganic and organic pollutants, and major concerns associated with them. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the immense potential of plant transformation for enhanced phytoremediation efficiency.