What are the therapeutic approaches to treating skeletal muscle injury?
This review paper focuses on therapeutic approaches including new knowledge of routine NSAIDs, novel biological repair, and physical therapy. A search of the literature on the treatment of skeletal muscle injuries was conducted using PubMed and Medscape. 2. The Pathological Process Following Muscle Injury
What is the best treatment for a broken bone?
Broken bones are one of the most common orthopedic injuries. Fractures require treatment which may be as simple as rest, or as invasive as surgery. There are many factors that must be considered to determine the most appropriate treatment of a broken bone including: Some of the most frequently used fracture treatments are described here.
Which bones can be treated with skeletal traction?
Skeletal traction is commonly used for fractures in the following bones: 1 Upper leg bone (femur) 2 Lower leg bone (tibia) 3 Upper arm bone (humerus) 4 Hips. 5 Pelvis. 6 Lower spinal area (cervical spine)
What is an example of a skeletal injury?
Skeletal injuries include fractures and sprains, as well as abdominal and chest injuries to major organs and structures. From: International Encyclopedia of Public Health, 2008
What are the treatments for injury to the skeletal system?
Present conservative treatment includes RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and physical therapy. However, if use improper, NSAIDs may suppress an essential inflammatory phase in the healing of injured skeletal muscle.
Which method is used to treat a muscle injury?
approach — rest, ice, compression, elevation: Rest. Avoid activities that cause pain, swelling or discomfort.
What are the 4 treatment best used for muscle injuries?
The best known treatment immediately after a muscle injury is the “RICE approach”. This acronym stands for rest, ice, compression and elevation.
What is the best treatment of muscle and bone injuries?
(rest, ice, compression, and elevation) for the first 24 to 48Â hours.Apply compression with a snug, elastic bandage for 48Â hours. ... Apply a cold pack or crushed ice in a plastic bag for 20Â minutes. ... Give acetaminophen or ibuprofen as needed for pain relief. ... Keep injured ankle or knee elevated and at rest for 24Â hours.More items...
What is skeletal muscle injury?
Muscular injuries are extremely common in athletes. Treatment of these injuries is based on a solid understanding of anatomy, physiology, and healing of skeletal muscle. Injuries discussed include contusions, hematomas, myositis ossificans, delayed onset soreness, strain, rhabdomyolysis, and lacerations.
What is the best treatment for neck and shoulder pain?
How Are Neck and Shoulder Pain Treated? The treatment of soft tissue neck and shoulder pain often includes the use of anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen (Advil or Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve or Naprosyn). Pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) may also be recommended.
What are 3 types of muscle injuries?
Muscle strains can be categorized into three grades, based on severity:Grade 1: Mild damage to individual muscle fibers (less than 5% of fibers) that causes minimal loss of strength and motion.Grade 2: More extensive damage with more muscle fibers involved. ... Grade 3: Complete rupture of a muscle or tendon.
How do you apply the method rice for injuries?
The RICE method includes the following four steps:Step 1: Rest. Pain is your body's signal that something is wrong. ... Step 2: Ice. Ice is a tried-and-true tool for reducing pain and swelling. ... Step 3: Compression. This means wrapping the injured area to prevent swelling. ... Step 4: Elevation.
What are the procedures in treating common injuries related to sports?
treatment plan: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation.Rest. A day or two of rest may help with your recovery. ... Ice. Put ice on your injury. ... Compression. Keeping pressure on the injury will also help with swelling. ... Elevation. Propping up the affected area will help you rest your injury properly.
What is the treatment for a neck or spine injury?
Options include soft neck collars and various braces. Surgery. Often surgery is necessary to remove fragments of bones, foreign objects, herniated disks or fractured vertebrae that appear to be compressing the spine. Surgery might also be needed to stabilize the spine to prevent future pain or deformity.
What is the first aid treatment for a fracture?
Apply pressure to the wound with a sterile bandage, a clean cloth or a clean piece of clothing. Immobilize the injured area. Don't try to realign the bone or push a bone that's sticking out back in.
Why should you immobilize a musculoskeletal injury?
Injuries that result in instability require immobilization, decreasing the likelihood of further damage, protecting soft tissues, alleviating pain, and accelerating healing.
Types of Therapy
Part of almost every treatment plan for a broken or injured bone will include some form of physical therapy. This is because you’ll need to strengthen specific body areas in order to aid in the recovery from your injury. Physical therapy uses the following to help you properly recover:
Casting
Part of repairing a bone break is working toward a common goal to help repair the break and restore strength and fluid movement in the injured area. If your case is severe, you may be referred to an orthopedic surgeon for a consultation. Surgery may be the only option if the break is not clean or there are underlying issues with your bone.
Splints or Brace
When dealing with a skeletal injury, your doctor will want to make sure that you recover properly, no matter if he recommends surgery, therapy or both. If your injury is bad but doesn’t require surgical intervention, nor does it require placing your bones back into position, he still may wish to stabilize the area.
Traction
Traction is an option if surgery is not able to be performed due to poor health or other risk factors. Traction is not often a popular choice because it can be uncomfortable and painful. There are other alternatives that don’t include such an intense process.
What is the best treatment for a muscle injury?
RICE. The best known treatment immediately after a muscle injury is the “RICE approach ”. This acronym stands for rest, ice, compression and elevation. The aim is to minimize the haematoma of the injured muscle and, subsequently, the size of the connective tissue scar.
What is the primary goal of muscle injury treatment?
The primary treatment goals are to minimize further damage, relieve pain and spasm, reduce haemorrhage and edema, and promote healing. Furthermore, the recurrent nature of muscle injuries often requires a functional approach from the acute phase to the final goal of return to sports. 4.
What happens when a muscle is injured?
When a muscle is injured, the myofibers rupture and necrotize. A haematoma is formed. At the same time during this first phase, the inflammatory cells can freely invade the injury site because the blood vessels are torn. The most abundant inflammatory cells are the polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
What are NSAIDs used for?
NSAIDs are primarily used for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties [ 16#N#L. C. Almekinders and J. A. Gilbert, “Healing of experimental muscle strains and the effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication,” American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 303–308, 1986. View at: Google Scholar#N#See in References#N#]. Inflammatory cells play an important role in the healing process of an injured muscle. Therefore, the use of drugs that inhibit these cells, such as NSAIDs, is questioned nowadays. Experimental studies in which NSAIDs were given immediately after the injury, have shown conflicting results. NSAIDs would not have a greater effect on the pain of a muscle injury than paracetamol, but they have more side effects including asthma exacerbations, gastrointestinal and renal side effects, hypertension, and other. However, NSAIDs also have beneficial effects. The inflammatory process can be excessive and cause edema, resulting in anoxia and further cell death. This can be prevented by the administration of low-dose NSAIDs [ 17#N#J. Paoloni, C. Milne, J. Orchard, and B. Hamilton, “Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in sports medicine: guidelines for practical but sensible use,” British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 43, no. 11, pp. 863–865, 2009. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar#N#See in References#N#].
How long should I rest after a muscle injury?
After a muscle injury, the RICE principle should be implemented immediately. Seven days of rest are advised, after which physiotherapy should be started. NSAIDs can be used after 48 hours. The rationale for using NSAIDs in these conditions is based on their anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is an essential component of the healing process. Therefore, the appropriate timing of NSAID administration may play a key role in the therapeutic approach to skeletal muscle injuries [ 46#N#T. O. Clanton and K. J. Coupe, “Hamstring strains in athletes: diagnosis and treatment.,” The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 237–248, 1998. View at: Google Scholar#N#See in References#N#]. In the future, the routine use of NSAIDs in muscle injuries should be further critically evaluated and compared with other treatment strategies in prospective randomized controlled trials.
What are the growth factors used in muscle recovery?
The use of growth factors, particularly bFGF, NGF, and IGF-1, is a novel therapeutic approach to promote full functional recovery after muscle injuries. Autologous growth factors might induce myogenic proliferation, stimulate differentiation, and as such accelerate the healing of inflamed and injured muscle. Inhibition of TGF- β 1 expression contributes to the blocking of muscle fibrosis in order to minimize the formation of fibrous scar tissue and to promote the restoration of functional muscle fibers within the injured site.
What is the most common injury in sports?
Skeletal muscle injuries are the most common sports-related injuries and present a challenge in primary care and sports medicine. Athletes sustain muscle injuries through a variety of mechanisms, including direct trauma (e.g., lacerations, strains, and contusions) and indirect injuries (related to ischemia and neurological dysfunctions).
What is the most common type of fracture management?
The most common type of fracture management is with immobilization. There are different types of immobilization including splint, braces, casts, slings, and others. Cast immobilization is the most common method where a material (typically plaster or fiberglass) is wrapped around an injured extremity and allowed to harden.
What is the process of pulling bones into alignment?
Traction involves gentle pulling of the extremity to align the bones. Often a metal pin is placed in the bone away from the fracture, this is called skeletal traction. Ropes and weights are attached to the pin to gently pull and hold the bone fragments into alignment.
What is poorly aligned fracture?
Fractures that are poorly aligned. Fractures around the joints that are poorly aligned. Determining when a fracture should have surgery is a complex decision that must take into account many variables including the type, location, and severity of the fractures, as well as the expectations of the patient.
What part of the bone is used for IM rodding?
IM rodding can be utilized for fractures of the lower extremity long bones that are not close to the joints (bone ends).
What is external fixation?
External fixation also uses pins that enter the skin but are held together outside the body with a frame to maintain alignment. External fixation can be an excellent option in cases of trauma as they can be applied quickly, they can be adjusted as needed, and they allow access to the skin and soft-tissue wounds. External fixation is often used with open fractures (vs. closed fractures ).
What is the procedure to hold a rod in the hollow medullary canal?
Intramedullary (IM) rodding is a surgical procedure to stabilize a broken bone by inserting a metal rod in the hollow medullary canal of the bone. This part of the bone (where the bone marrow is) can be used to hold the rod and allow for early movement and weight-bearing in some cases
What is the most common orthopedic injury?
Broken bones are one of the most common orthopedic injuries. Fractures require treatment which may be as simple as rest, or as invasive as surgery. There are many factors that must be considered to determine the most appropriate treatment of a broken bone including: Location of the broken bone. Alignment of the fracture.
Why do you need surgery for a dislocated shoulder?
Surgery may also be necessary for those who often dislocate the same joints, such as recurrent shoulder dislocations. 5. Complications of musculoskeletal injury.
What is the musculoskeletal system?
The musculoskeletal system consists of bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and intervertebral discs, as well as their associated nerves and blood vessels [ 1 ], and is powered by the complex interrelationship between these separate structures, each of which depends on the other to function properly.
How are bones connected to muscle fibers?
Within the system, bones are connected to muscle fibers via connective tissue like tendons and ligaments. Muscles keep bones in place and also play a role in the movement of bones allowing overall motion; different bones are connected to by joints and cartilage prevents the bone ends from rubbing directly into each other.
What are the different types of bones?
There are five general types of bones: long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones.
What happens when muscle damage occurs?
When major muscle damage occurs, large amounts of myoglobin (a hemeprotein) are released into the bloodstream. When the myoglobin reaches the kidneys, it breaks down into harmful substances that can damage kidney cells, leading to precipitation in the renal tubules and acute kidney injury (AKI).
Can you use field dressings on a wound?
The management is usually so minimal requiring cleansing of the wound; small bandages may be applied but tactical situations will usually preclude applying field dressings that are needed for more serious injuries. A large amount of dirt may be ground into the wound; therefore, secondary treatment measures should focus on preventing or stopping infections.
Can musculoskeletal trauma cause internal torso injuries?
Major musculoskeletal trauma can also result in internal torso injuries; in some cases, the pooling of fluids can form into an intact musculofascial layer with swelling in the space. This can cause complications such as acute compartment syndrome, which can lead to dire consequences if misdiagnosed.
What is skeletal traction?
Medically Reviewed by Dan Brennan, MD on April 27, 2021. Skeletal traction is a treatment method for broken bones. It’s a system where a combination of pulleys, pins, and weights are used to promote the healing of fractured bones. These are usually in the lower body. In skeletal traction, a pin is placed inside your bone.
What are the complications of skeletal traction?
Some of the complications skeletal traction can cause include the following. Infection. In skeletal traction, a metal pin is inserted into your bone. This pin acts as a base for reducing the fracture. The insertion site can become infected, whether it is in bone or soft tissue. Pressure sores.
What is the difference between skeletal traction and skin traction?
The difference lies in where the pin, or base, is placed. Skeletal traction uses a pin inserted into your bone. In skin traction , a splint or adhesive is applied to your skin.
Why do you need pulleys after a fracture?
This provides a force to adjust the bones after a fracture. It also helps them return to their proper place. A system of pulleys will realign the broken bone properly , preparing you for a successful surgery . Your doctor might also recommend traction as a way to promote proper healing without surgery.
Is skeletal traction good for you?
There are lots of benefits to be had from skeletal traction. But as with most medical treatments, there can be complications too.
Can nerves be damaged during traction?
There are different ways your nerves can be damaged when undergoing skeletal traction. Pin insertion and wire arrangement are factors, but more research is needed in the area. Misalignment of the bone or joint. Medical staff will make every effort to realign your joints or broken bone correctly.
Is it bad to break a bone?
Breaking a bone can be a very painful experience. It can also cause you a lot of inconveniences. It’s important to take all the necessary steps to make sure your broken bone heals properly. Otherwise, you could be dealing with the same problem for quite some time.