Biocide
A biocide is defined in the European legislation as a chemical substance or microorganism intended to destroy, deter, render harmless, or exert a controlling effect on any harmful organism by chemical or biological means.
What is a biocide water treatment?
Amines are effective surfactants that can act as biocides due to their ability to kill microrganisms. They can enhance the biocidal effect of chlorinated phenolics when they are applied in water. Chlorinated phenolics Chlorinated phenolics, unlike oxidising biocides, have no effect on respiration of microrganisms. However, they do induce growth.
What are biocides used for?
Apr 25, 1999 · One of the most overlooked aspects of water treatment biocides is their antimicrobial mechanism. Often the primary focus is on the performance of the biocide, not how does it work. However, information on the mechanisms by which biocides affect microorganisms can help develop and refine treatment programs to maximize efficiency and minimize cost.
What are the different types of industrial biocides?
A biocide is a chemical treatment that effectively controls microbial growth. There are two types of biocides: oxidising biocide and non-oxidising biocide. Cooling Water Treatment Chemicals
What is a biocide model?
Biocide Water Treatment. Chemical oxidizers have long been used in the oilfield for remediation of HS and bacteria. Ace Fluid Solutions’s proprietary ClO2 generator has been proven to be a cost-effective treatment for the immediate elimination of bacteria and other contaminants. Contamination of source water is a far-reaching concern for production operations that, if left …
What is the purpose of biocides?
Biocides are widely used in the food industry as disinfectants and food preservatives. They treat production plants, processing areas and food containers to control the microbial growth in food and drinks.
What are examples of biocides?
Biocidal products Common examples are disinfectants, wood preservatives and insect repellents. Typically a biocidal product will be a mixture of chemicals and will include the 'active substance'. The active substance has the controlling effect on the harmful organism.Nov 18, 2021
What's the definition of biocide?
Definition of biocide : a substance (such as an algicide or fungicide) that destroys or inhibits the growth or activity of living organisms Sodium azide is an explosive, broad-spectrum biocide with toxicity comparable to sodium cyanide's.—
What are the different types of biocides?
Generally, biocides are divided in to four major groups: disinfectants and general biocidal products, preservatives, pest control, and other biocidal products. Biocides are toxic not only to microorganisms but also very often to nontarget species.
Are biocides harmful?
Biocides pose a particular risk to pregnant women, unborn life, small children, or people with serious chronic illness. Health hazards caused by disinfectants or other dangerous biocides include effects on skin, eyes, respiratory system, nervous system, and other organs.May 29, 2017
Are antibiotics biocides?
1.1 How are biocides defined? Bacteria can be killed or inhibited by different antimicrobial products, namely antibiotics that act against infections in humans or animals and biocides such as disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives.
Is chlorine a biocide?
Chlorine, dosed in the form of sodium hypochlorite, is probably the best broad-spectrum biocide and, at residual levels of 0.5 mg/l, chlorine is effective against most bacteria, including Legionella.
How does biocides affect the environment?
If inadvertently released into the environment, some biocides will primarily contaminate water and will thus be more mobile but also break down faster. Others will stick to soil and be less mobile and thus take longer to break down.Dec 10, 2014
What chemicals are in biocide?
Types of biocide Oxidising biocides include; chlorine, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, bromine and ozone. Non-oxidising biocides include: quaternary ammonium compounds, Bronopol, THPS, DBNPA and Gluteraldehyde.
Are antiseptics biocides?
For the purpose of this review, antibiotics are defined as naturally occurring or synthetic organic substances which inhibit or destroy selective bacteria or other microorganisms, generally at low concentrations; antiseptics are biocides or products that destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms in or on living ...
Which one is the form of biocides?
The correct answer is Bleach. Biocides can be either synthetic or natural. Biocides are compounds used as antimicrobial, antifouling & disinfecting agents, and as pesticides.
What is MOA in water?
A variety of different microbiocides employing different mechanisms of action (MOA) are used to control microbial growth in cooling water systems. Although dosing strategies are often based on the target organisms and their behavior within the system, targets within the microbes can be equally important for designing and optimizing an effective ...
What is the antimicrobial effect?
An antimicrobial effect occurs when the rate of damage infliction exceeds the rate of repair. Depending on the nature and/or extent of damage, the antimicrobial effect can inhibit the growth of the microorganism (static) or result in death of the microorganism (tidal). Keywords:
What is biocide treatment?
A biocide is a chemical treatment that is formulated to effectively control microbial growth. Problems caused by un-controlled microbial growth can range from health hazards, the breakdown of chemicals, the development of biofilms , heat transfer losses, restriction of flow and under deposit corrosion. It is therefore critical that the correct ...
What are the two types of biocides?
There are two basic types of biocides: oxidising and non-oxidising. Oxidising biocides include; chlorine, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, bromine and ozone. Non-oxidising biocides include: quaternary ammonium compounds, Bronopol, THPS, DBNPA and Gluteraldehyde. When selecting a biocide for use in a system whether as a biocidal flush biocide, ...
What is chlorine dioxide used for?
Chlorine dioxide is an excellent broad spectrum oxidising biocide which is It is effective at low concentrations and is used in a large number of applications such as disinfection, sanitisation and water treatment.
What are the advantages of chlorine dioxide?
One of the main advantages of using chlorine dioxide is that, unlike most other bioci des, it is able to destroy biofilm. Chlorine dioxide does not generally react with other water treatment chemicals or with nitrogen compounds including ammonia and naturally occurring organic materials such as organic acids.
Do biodispersants kill organisms?
Biodispersants do not kill organisms but they do break up any deposits of microorganisms allowing the biocides to attack the organisms more effectively. They also inhibit the attachment of microorganisms to metal surfaces.
Is chlorine dioxide safe for food?
Chlorine dioxide is widely approved for many applications including the treatment of potablewater, hospital water systems and food process sanitation. Coloured pink with a food safe colourant for health and safety purposes and ease of identification. Supplied in a clear drum with a red cap.
What is the purpose of biocide in water?
Biocides. Biocides (typically chlorine) are used to keep the cooling water system free of fouling organisms such as algae, barnacles, and mussels. From: Encyclopedia of Energy, 2004. Download as PDF. About this page.
What is a biocide?
Biocide is a chemical substance or microorganism intended to destroy, deter, render harmless, or exert a controlling effect on any harmful organism by chemical or biological means . Biocides are one of the most commonly used techniques in industry to kill bacteria in the system because of the rapid response. Biocides are divided into two types, oxidizing and nonoxidizing. The oxidizing biocides attack microorganisms by oxidizing (an electron transfer reaction) the cell structure, disrupting nutrients from passing across the cell wall [20]. Common oxidizing biocides used in industry are chlorine, peracetic acid, sodium bromide, and so on. On the other hand, the nonoxidizing biocides interfere with reproduction, stop the respiration process, or break the cell wall [20]. The kill time of the bacteria can take several hours up to a day. Common nonoxidizing biocides used in industry are 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-on, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-on, and so on [9,20].
What is the best biocide for Legionella?
Chlorine, dosed in the form of sodium hypochlorite, is probably the best broad-spectrum biocide and, at residual levels of 0.5 mg/l, chlorine is effective against most bacteria, including Legionella.
What is the purpose of biocide in hydraulic fracturing?
Biocide is another important chemical used in hydraulic fracturing. The primary duty of biocide is killing and controlling bacteria. Bacteria can cause instability in viscosity. The concentration of biocide typically varies between 0.1 and 0.3 gpt. Pre job water testing is performed to measure preexisting bacteria present in the water. This test introduces an effective agent with frac source water. A change in the bottle sample directly relates to the bacteria count. Results are then used to determine the biocide concentration (gpt) required for the frac job. The most commonly used biocide product is called glutaraldehyde and this product is typically pumped as a liquid additive with hydraulic fracturing fluid. The basic types of oilfield bacteria are:
What is oxidizing biocide?
Oxidizing biocide causes irreversible cell damage to the bacteria. Put simply, this type of biocide burns the cell. Examples of oxidizing biocides are chlorine, bromine, ozone, and chlorine dioxide. Nonoxidizing biocide alters the cell wall permeability, interfering with biological processes.
What is non-leaching biocide?
Biocides irreversibly bound to the antifouling coating surface or net are known as non-leaching biocides (Clarkson and Evans, 1993, 1995 ). While this approach offers advantages in terms of limitation of environmental contamination it has not been successfully pursued, presumably due to technical issues and the broad range of fouling organisms, many of which may not respond to bound biocides. The techniques have been used effectively against bacterial biofouling on biomedical devices ( Hume et al., 2004; Zhu et al., 2008) and this is an area of technical promise with the move towards legislation restricting antifouling technologies to non-release mechanisms.
Is biocide a corrosion inhibitor?
The application of biocides is similar to that of corrosion inhibitors, and in most cases the corrosion inhibitor package includes a biocide. Corrosion inhibitors may inhibit, accelerate, or have no effect on biocides, so the compatibility between biocides and corrosion inhibitors, as well as the efficiency of the package in controlling MIC and non-MIC are evaluated.
What are biocides used for?
Biocides are used to decontaminate the water in industrial water treatment processes, It is mainly used in Effluent Treatment Plants ( ETP ) for decontaminating the industrial effluent. Biocides are also used as antiseptics to treat infections in mucous membranes and damaged skin.
Is biocide a disinfectant?
Yes Biocide is widely used as disinfectant in water treatment & food industry . They treat production plants, processing areas and food containers to control the microbial growth in food and drinks.
Is Chlorine a biocide ?
Chlorine is the best biocide used in water treatment processes today. The chlorine dosage is directly proportional to the PH of the water. Higher the PH, more chlorine dosage is required. Biocides are used extensively in healthcare settings for different applications: the sterilization of medical devices.
What is biocide made of?
Biocide chemical is madeup of of mixtures of one or more active substances together with co-formulants such as stabilisers, preservatives and colouring agents.
Microbiological Control Chemicals
The control of microbiological activity is an important, often safety critical activity in many commercial, manufacturing and industrial process applications such as Cooling Towers, Closed systems, Reverse Osmosis & Cold Water Storage Tanks.
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The Bromgard Range
The Bromgard product range represents the most up to date cooling water treatment products that bring together the latest scale, corrosion and fouling control technology with the biocidal power of bromine for applications in the widest possible range of cooling water systems.
Why are biocides added to water?
Biocides can be added to other materials (typically liquids) to protect them against biological infestation and growth. For example, certain types of quaternary ammonium compounds ( quats) are added to pool water or industrial water systems to act as an algicide, protecting the water from infestation and growth of algae.
What is a biocide?
A biocide is defined in the European legislation as a chemical substance or microorganism intended to destroy, deter, render harmless, or exert a controlling effect on any harmful organism. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses a slightly different definition for biocides as "a diverse group of poisonous substances including ...
What is the EU regulatory framework for biocides?
The EU regulatory framework for biocides has for years been defined by the Directive 98/8/EC, also known as the Biocidal Products Directive (BPD). The BPD was revoked by the Biocidal Products Regulation 528/2012 (BPR), which entered into force on 17 July 2012 with the application date of September 1, 2013. Several Technical Notes for Guidance (TNsG) have been developed to facilitate the implementation of the BPR and to assure a common understanding of its obligations. According to the EU legislation, biocidal products need authorisation to be placed or to remain on the market. Competent Authorities of the EU member states are responsible for assessing and approving the active substances contained in the biocides. The BPR follows some of the principles set previously under the REACH Regulation (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restrictions of Chemicals) and the coordination of the risk assessment process for both REACH and BPR are mandated to the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), which assures the harmonization and integration of risk characterization methodologies between the two regulations.
How much did biocides cost in 2008?
The global demand on biocides for use in industrial and consumer goods was estimated at US$6.4 billion in 2008, roughly 3% up from the previous year. Affected by the global economic crisis, the market will remain quite sluggish by 2010. The industry overall is further burdened by ever stricter regulations.
Why are biocidal products dangerous?
Hazards and environmental risks. Because biocides are intended to kill living organisms, many biocidal products pose significant risk to human health and welfare. Great care is required when handling biocides and appropriate protective clothing and equipment should be used.
Why are biocides toxic?
Due to their intrinsic properties and patterns of use, biocides, such as rodenticides or insecticides, can cause adverse effects in humans, animals and the environment and should therefore be used with the utmost care. For example, the anticoagulants used for rodent control have caused toxicity in non-target species, such as predatory birds, due to their long half-life after ingestion by target species (i.e. rats and mice) and high toxicity to non-target species. Pyrethroids used as insecticides have been shown to cause unwanted effects in the environment, due to their unspecific toxic action, also causing toxic effects in non-target aquatic organisms.
Is chlorine a disinfectant?
Biocidal substances and products are also employed as anti-fouling agents or disinfectants under other circumstances: chlorine, for example, is used as a short-life biocide in industrial water treatment but as a disinfectant in swimming pools.
What is a biocide?
Biocides are used to decontaminate the skin of patients and health professionals, any surfaces that could harbour bacteria, and any instruments in contact with patients. Biocides are also used as antiseptics to treat infections in mucous membranes and damaged skin. Disinfectants are classified as low, medium or high-level disinfectants, ...
Why are biocides used in animal production?
Preserving specific products such as eggs or semen. Moreover, biocides are used to protect animal feed from deterioration by micro-organisms. They are considered as food additives and they are not allowed without a safety assessment. Chemicals used in animal production could leave residues in milk, meat or eggs.
Why are biocides used in cosmetics?
Biocides are added to cosmetics and personal care products to prevent micro-organisms from growing on them . In the EU, the use of 57 different chemicals is allowed for this purpose. Besides these chemicals, cosmetics often contain other non-regulated antimicrobials .
What is table 3?
Table 3: Biocides approved by US-FDA for health care settings, or registered by the US-EPA. The level of disinfection in medical facilities usually depends on the degree of infection risk involved: Surgical instruments, needles, catheters and any other devices that enter the patient’s tissues must be sterile.
Why is proper cleaning important?
Proper cleaning and disinfection play a vital role in protecting food animals from diseases that they could pass on to humans. Although the use of biocides in breeding and raising livestock is regulated in each Member State, there are no exact data on the amounts of biocides used.
What is disinfectant used for?
They are also commonly used to disinfect equipment, containers, surfaces or pipes associated with the production, transport and storage of food or drink, including drinking water. In the EU, the use of disinfectants in the food-processing industry and in the treatment of drinking water is regulated. Drinking water is treated ...
Can antimicrobials be used in animal production?
Chemicals used in animal production could leave residues in milk, meat or eggs. Therefore, before antimicrobials are allowed, they are tested to see if they are safe.
