How effective is therapeutic ultrasound in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis?
Sep 09, 2021 · Therapeutic Ultrasound (1 MHz, 1 W/cm 2 continuously, 8 min/knee) vs. Sham Ultrasound: One treatment session: Superomedial and lateral parts of both knees: NR: 4 weeks
What is the frequency range of an ultrasound machine?
Sep 19, 2018 · In the ultrasound treatment, the following parameters were used: frequency of 1 MHz, intensity of 1.5 W/cm2 (temporal and spatial mean SATA), duty cycle of 100%, with application time of 5 minutes on the medial side and 5 minutes on lateral side of knee. Exercises.
What is the intensity of UltraSound required at the target tissue?
Ten therapeutic ultrasound sessions (duty cycle=20%, ERA=10 cm2, BNR=6:1, SATP=2.2 W/cm2, SATA=0.44 W/cm2, frequency=1 MHz, time=4 minutes) were applied. Assessments of primary outcome variables: pain intensity and function, and secondary variables: joint mobility, muscle strength and quality of life, were performed at onset and end of therapy; an additional …
What is the frequency range of sound therapy?
Therapeutic ultrasound is a safe treatment to relieve pain and improve physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, phonophoresis does not produce additional benefits to functional improvement, but may relieve pain compared to conventional non-drug ultrasound. ... Effects of therapeutic ultrasound for knee osteoarthritis: a ...
How often should you use ultrasound therapy?
According to Rosenzweig, “Therapists use ultrasound anywhere from six to 12 sessions – it's part of the patient's therapy, so therapists might do it for five minutes, then perhaps twice a week anywhere from thee weeks to six weeks.Jul 27, 2009
Is ultrasound good for knee arthritis?
Conclusions: Therapeutic ultrasound is a safe treatment to relieve pain and improve physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, phonophoresis does not produce additional benefits to functional improvement, but may relieve pain compared to conventional non-drug ultrasound.
Is ultrasound good for knee injuries?
Ultrasound, commonly used to image the inside of the body through soundwaves, can also be used at higher intensities to relieve pain,2 promote healing, and reduce swelling. Clinicians currently use ultrasound therapy for knee pain, treating it for several minutes a few times a week in the office.Oct 4, 2018
Is pulsed ultrasound treatment effective in knee osteoarthritis?
Conclusion: Treatment of pulsed ultrasound has no positive effect on knee pain, function, femoral cartilage and synovial sac thickness in knee osteoarthritis.Jul 27, 2020
Does ultrasound help with joint inflammation?
Ultrasound imaging can detect inflammation in your joints, even if you don't have noticeable symptoms. This can help your doctor form an accurate picture of your condition and provide more effective and targeted treatment.
Does ultrasound help inflammation?
Ultrasound (US) therapy is used to reduce pain and inflammation and to accelerate healing after soft tissue injury.
How many times a day can you use ultrasound therapy?
Commonly the treatment lasts 5 to 10 minutes, and it's typically not performed more than once per day.Nov 27, 2018
How long does a knee ultrasound take?
Ultrasound examinations are not painful and generally not invasive but may be uncomfortable particularly if you need to move a body part that causes you discomfort. Most ultrasound examinations will be completed within 30 minutes.
Which is better ultrasound or MRI?
When To Get an MRI For example, an ultrasound cannot show actual structures, only soft tissues. For larger areas of soft tissues, joints, bones, muscles, or cartilage, an MRI is a better diagnostic tool. If the doctor needs a detailed look of the entire arm, hand, or ankle, they typically order an MRI.Jan 17, 2020
When do you use 1 MHz or 3 MHz ultrasound?
Therefore, 1-MHz continuous ultrasound, with a half-value depth of approximately 2.3 cm, is frequently used to treat deep tissues that are approximately 2.3 to 5 cm deep. With its smaller half-value depth, 3-MHz ultrasound is frequently used to heat tissues that are more superficial, from 0.8 to 1.6 cm deep.
What is the difference between pulsed and continuous ultrasound?
Continuous US (CUS) generates thermal effects by stimulating the process of tissue regeneration, changing cell membrane permeability and increasing intracellular calcium, while pulsed US (PUS) mainly produces non-thermal effects to increase tissue metabolism, enhance fibrous tissue extensibility and elevate pain ...
Can ultrasound break up arthritis?
Ultrasound therapy can be useful in repair cartilage damage caused by arthritis. A study (Low Intensity Ultrasound as a Supporter of Cartilage Regeneration...) found that ultrasound therapy allows oxygen to be delivered to the injured tissue of the joints facilitating tissue repair.Apr 30, 2021
How many times a week should I do a group 2 ultrasound?
5 minutes stretching (hamstrings, quadriceps, adductors, and gastrocmenius). Group II In the first month, pulsed ultrasound was applied three times a week. In the second month, patients performed only exercise sessions three times a week.
How many times a week is continuous ultrasound applied?
Experimental: Group III. (in the first month, the continuous ultrasound was applied three times a week and in the second month, three times a week, the continuous ultrasound associated with exercises was applied) Other: Group III. Group III In the first month, the continuous ultrasound was applied 3 times a week.
What is a PUS ultrasound?
The aim of this investigation is to compare the effects of continuous (CUS) and pulsed (PUS) ultrasound associated with a program of exercises on pain, range of motion, muscle strength, functionality, mobility and activity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Participants were randomized into five groups: Group I (in the first month, continuous ultrasound was applied), Group II (in the first month, pulsed ultrasound was applied), Group III (in the first and second month, the continuous ultrasound was applied), Group IV (in the first and second month, the pulsed ultrasound was applied) and Group V (patients received only exercise sessions for eight weeks).
How often is a group III ultrasound applied?
Other: Group III. Group III In the first month, the continuous ultrasound was applied 3 times a week. In the second month, 3 times a week, the continuous ultrasound was applied associated with exercises.
Does exercise help with osteoarthritis?
Strong evidence suggests that joint exercises reduce pain and disability in patients with osteoarthritis. There is evidence that exercise is responsible for muscular strengthening and better flexibility, improved global function as well as better performance in activities of daily living (ADL).
How long does it take for a therapeutic ultrasound to work?
When using ultrasound for thermal effects, tissues must reach a temperature of 40°C to 45°C (104 F to 113 F) for at least 5 minutes.
What is therapeutic ultrasound?
Therapeutic ultrasound is a technique which utilizes sound waves (which cause vibration) to decrease pain or improve joint function. These vibrations occur at high frequency—so high that the vibrations are undetectable to the person receiving ultrasound treatment. The vibrations may be pulsed or continuous.
What is the term for the breakdown of cartilage, abnormal bone growth in response, and changes in soft tissue?
Arthritis is characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, abnormal bone growth in response, as well as changes in soft tissue such as the synovial membrane, ligaments, and muscles which surround the joints.
How common is osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is extremely common , affecting many people over the age of 65 to some degree, and can play a large role in reducing quality of life. There is a wide range of treatments available ranging from pharmaceutic medications to "natural" treatments such as magnets.
Where is therapeutic ultrasound performed?
Typically, therapeutic ultrasound is performed in a physical therapy clinic or in a doctor's office. Although it is a treatment option for osteoarthritis, its effectiveness is still questioned. Therapeutic ultrasound differs from diagnostic ultrasound in that therapeutic ultrasound is used for treatment ...
When will ultrasound be available for osteoarthritis?
on October 11, 2020. Therapeutic ultrasound is an option in physical therapy to treat pain and loss of joint function due to osteoarthritis.
Does ultrasound help with arthritis?
In studies looking at people (in vivo studies), it's thought that the main effects of ultrasound therapy on arthritis are mechanical, not thermal. The mechanical effects may work to stimulate cartilage directly.
Does phonophoresis help knee pain?
However, phonophoresis does not produce additional benefits to functional improvement, but may relieve pain compared to conventional non-drug ultrasound. Therapeutic ultrasound is a safe treatment to relieve pain and improve physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, phonophor esis does not produce additional benefits ...
Is ultrasound good for knee osteoarthritis?
Effects of therapeutic ultrasound for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Therapeutic ultrasound is a safe treatment to relieve pain and improve physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
What is the treatment for acute injury?
Many use the regimen of rest, ice, compression, elevation and stabilization (RICES) to treat acute injury, but are unsure what to do if the injury becomes chronic.1Whereas, many of these current treatment options address inflammation and pain management, therapeutic ultrasound can both manage pain and facilitate healing.
What is a SAM device?
The SAM device is used to reduce inflammation and pain, and accelerate the healing of soft tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and muscles. Both Exogen and SAM are non-invasive prescription-use devices that are administered and monitored by a licensed medical professional.
What is therapeutic ultrasound?
Therapeutic ultrasound has been studied and used for the past seven decades to treat musculoskeletal injuries. Recently, a significant body of animal and human research has focused on the biomechanical effects of daily-applied, low intensity therapeutic ultrasound (LITUS) on soft tissue recovery. We performed a systematic review ...
Can Litus be used for soft tissue?
Collectively, these studies are encouraging for the use of LITUS to treat soft tissue injuries in human; however, the delivery of therapeutic ultrasound has been traditionally applied in the inpatient setting, which limits both the duration of treatment and frequency of application.
Does litus affect collagen?
LITUS was shown to have a beneficial effect on tendon strength and collagen synthesis following injury.
What is the most common cause of musculoskeletal pain and functional impairment?
Osteoarthritis is a progressive rheumatic disease which is the most common cause of musculoskeletal pain and functional impairment, particularly in the elderly group. The most common form is knee osteoarthritis. Pharmacological, non-pharmacological and if required surgical treatment may be applied in the osteoarthritis treatment. Non-pharmacological treatment includes patient education, joint protective measures, exercise, psychological support, diet, weight loss, physical therapy modalities, use of assistive device, hydrotherapy and balneotherapy. Ultrasound therapy is one of the most commonly used physical modalities in osteoarthritis treatment. İt has a deep heating effect and increases tissue regeneration, blood flow and metabolic effects while reducing the inflammation and relaxing the muscles. İn addition, it increases the cartilage regeneration according to certain in vivo and in vitro studies.
What is the best treatment for osteoarthritis?
Ultrasound therapy is one of the most commonly used physical modalities in osteoarthritis treatment. İt has a deep heating effect and increases tissue regeneration, blood flow and metabolic effects while reducing the inflammation and relaxing the muscles.
What is non-pharmacological treatment for osteoarthritis?
Non-pharmacological treatment includes patient education, joint protective measures, exercise, psychological support, diet, weight loss, physical therapy modalities, use of assistive device, hydrotherapy and balneotherapy. ...
How often is knee pain evaluated?
Knee Pain: VAS [ Time Frame: All patients will be evaluated for 3 times, at baseline and week 8 and week 12. ]#N#Knee pain will be assessed with Visual Analog Scale (VAS 0-10 cm). Higher values will consider to be worse outcome.
Does ultrasound help with knee osteoarthritis?
Although there are some randomised controlled clinical trials that prove the effect of ultrasound treatment on pain and functionality in the knee osteoarthritis, there is no study that proves the effect of ultrasound treatment on cartilage thickness and synovial fluid amount.
Does osteoarthritis increase cartilage?
Decelerating the cartilage loss and decreasing the high volume of synovial fluid in early-stage knee osteoarthritis is important to preventing progression of the disease.
Can a sham US be used to control a group?
On the other hand, sham US will be applied to control group for the same times and periods as the treatment group. A home exercise program will be given to both of two groups which contain knee range of motion and isometric strengthening exercises.
Ultrasound Waves
FREQUENCY – the number of times a particle experiences a complete compression/rarefaction cycle in 1 second. Typically 1 or 3 MHz.
Ultrasound Waveform
The Ultrasound beam is not uniform and changes in its nature with distance from the transducer. The US beam nearest the treatment head is called the NEAR field, the INTERFERENCE field or the Frenzel zone. The behaviour of the US in this field is far from regular, with areas of significant interference.
Thermal Effects of US
In thermal mode, US will be most effective in heating the dense collagenous tissues and will require a relatively high intensity, preferably in continuous mode to achieve this effect.
What is the therapeutic effect of ultrasound?
One of the therapeutic effects for which ultrasound has been used is in relation to tissue healing. It is suggested that the application of US to injured tissues will, amongst other things, speed the rate of healing & enhance the quality of the repair.
Why is ultrasound not used during the inflammatory, proliferative and repair phases?
The application of ultrasound during the inflammatory, proliferative and repair phases is not of value because it changes the normal sequence of events, but because it has the capacity to stimulate or enhance these normal events and thus increase the efficiency of the repair phases.
What is pulsed ultrasound?
Pulsed Ultrasound. Most machines offer the facility for pulsed US output, and for many clinicians, this is a preferable mode of treatment. Until recently, the pulse duration (the time during which the machine is on) was almost exclusively 2ms (2 thousandths of a second) with a variable off period.
What is ultrasound energy?
Ultrasound (US) is a form of mechanical energy (not electrical), and therefore, strictly speaking, not really electrotherapy at all, but does fall into the Electro Physical Agents grouping. Mechanical vibration at increasing frequencies is known as Sound Energy. The normal human sound range is from 16 Hz to something approaching 15-20,000 Hz (in children and young adults). Beyond this upper limit, the mechanical vibration is known as ultrasound. The frequencies used in therapy are typically between 1.0 and 3.0 MHz (1 MHz = 1 million cycles per second).
How does ultrasound help healing?
It is suggested that the application of US to injured tissues will, amongst other things, speed the rate of hea ling & enhance the quality of the repair. The following information is intended to provide a summary of some of the essential research in this field together with some possible mechanisms through which US treatments may achieve these changes. It is not intended to be a complete explanation of these phenomena or a comprehensive review of the current literature. It may, none the less, provide some useful basic information for clinical application.
What is the US beam?
The US beam is not uniform and changes in its nature with distance from the transducer. The US beam nearest the treatment head is called the NEAR field, the INTERFERENCE field or the Frenzel zone. The behaviour of the US in this field is far from regular, with areas of significant interference. The US energy in parts of this field can be many times greater than the output set on the machine (possibly as much as 12 to 15 times greater). The size (length) of the near field can be calculated using r2/l where r= the radius of the transducer crystal and l = the US wavelength according to the frequency being used (0.5mm for 3MHz and 1.5mm for 1.0 MHz).
What is the pattern of energy absorption?
The absorption of US energy follows an exponential pattern - i.e. more energy is absorbed in the superficial tissues than in the deep tissues. In order for energy to have an effect it must be absorbed, and at some point this must be considered in relation to the US dosages applied to achieve certain effects.
What pulse ratio is needed for acute lesion?
There is no need to increase the surface dose to allow for loss of ultrasound at depth. The lesion is acute, therefore a pulse ratio of 1:4 will be most appropriate.
How much ultrasound energy is needed for every treatment head?
The final compilation of the treatment dose which is most likely to be effective is based on the principle that one needs to deliver 1 minutes worth of ultrasound energy (at an appropriate frequency and intensity) for every treatment head that needs to be covered.
What is pulse ratio?
The pulse ratio determines the concentration of the energy on a time basis. The pulse ratio determines the proportion of time that the machine is ON compared with the OFF time.
What are the advantages of ultrasound?
One of the advantages of ultrasound therapy remains the reasonably broad range of trials from which effective treatment doses can be established. In principle, there is no need for the often used 'recipe book' in which a list of conditions is produced alongside the treatment dose.
What is the second stage of a machine?
The second stage is to bring these into an effective treatment combination.
What is the International Society for Electrophysical Agents in Physical Therapy?
The International Society for Electrophysical Agents in Physical Therapy (ISEAPT) is a formal subgroup of the World Congress Physical Therapy (WCPT) and is the leading International organisation concerned primarily with Electro Physical Agents.
Where is the primary focus of the lesion?
Assuming that on examination, the primary focus of the lesion is determined to be at the lateral ligament of the elbow joint itself together with the lateral portion of the annular ligament of the superior radioulnar joint, the following clinical decisions are made :
What Is Therapeutic Ultrasound?
How It Works For Arthritis
- Therapeutic ultrasound may work by either thermal or non-thermal (mechanical) effects. When using ultrasound for thermal effects, tissues must reach a temperature of 40°C to 45°C (104 F to 113 F) for at least 5 minutes.
Effectiveness For Knee and Hip Arthritis
- Studies evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound on arthritis have been mixed; some studies finding no benefit, and others finding some benefits, especially in osteoarthritis of the knee.1 Overall, there has been few studies evaluating the benefits of therapeutic ultrasound, and the studies we have are often small or unreliable. Further research is needed, but let's look a…
Molecular Effects
- Overall, there are few reliable studies looking at the biological theory behind therapeutic ultrasound, and at the current time, it's uncertain how it works (if it does) in treating arthritis. Arthritis is characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, abnormal bone growth in response, as well as changes in soft tissue such as the synovial membrane, ligaments, and muscles which su…
Bottom Line
- Therapeutic ultrasound may work for some people with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip, but more research is needed before these treatments would be considered solid "evidence-based medicine."1There are theories about how therapeutic ultrasound may work on a molecular level, but this, as well, is uncertain; there is insufficient biophysical evidence to back the effectiveness …