What is the best way to take isoniazid?
Follow all directions on your prescription label. Do not take isoniazid in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Take isoniazid on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal. Use this medicine for the full prescribed length of time.
Should I avoid certain foods while taking isoniazid?
Should I avoid certain foods while taking ISONIAZID? A change in your diet, medicine, or dosage may be necessary. Promptly consult your doctor or pharmacist.
Can you take vitamin B6 with isoniazid?
Your doctor may have you take vitamin B6 with your medicine. Note: When isoniazid is to be taken 2 times a week, it should be given by directly observed therapy (DOT).* IF YOU FORGET TO TAKE YOUR MEDICINE: If it is still the same day, take the dose as soon as you remember.
Is isoniazid safe for older adults?
If you are 35 years or older, your doctor will check your liver enzymes before you start treatment, to make sure you can safely use isoniazid. Serious and sometimes fatal liver problems may occur during treatment with isoniazid or after you stop taking this medication, even months after stopping.
What foods should be avoided when taking isoniazid?
Patients should be advised to avoid foods containing tyramine (e.g., aged cheese, cured meats such as sausages and salami, fava beans, sauerkraut, soy sauce, beer, or red wine) or histamine (e.g., skipjack, tuna, mackerel, salmon) during treatment with isoniazid.
Can you take isoniazid with milk?
You can take your medicine with milk, water, juice, soda, coffee or tea. If your medicine causes upset stomach, take it with food. If you are taking an antacid (like Maalox, Mylanta), take it 1 hour before or 2 hours after taking your INH.
What do you give with isoniazid?
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) supplementation during isoniazid (INH) therapy is necessary in some patients to prevent the development of peripheral neuropathy.
Should isoniazid be taken with food?
Take this medicine on an empty stomach, at least 30 minutes before or 2 hours after food. Do not take with food. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed.
Is isoniazid safe for child?
Your child will have to take isoniazid for at least 3-6 months. If your child has a problem with their liver, it is important to talk about this with your doctor before they prescribe the medicine. You must continue to give the medicine until your doctor tells you to stop.
What happens if you take isoniazid with food?
isoniazid food Food decreases the levels of isoniazid in your body. Take isoniazid on an empty stomach at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal. This will make it easier for your body to absorb the medication. If nausea occurs, ask your doctor if you can take isoniazid with food.
How do I reduce the side effects of isoniazid?
Your doctor may also want you to take pyridoxine (e.g., Hexa-Betalin, vitamin B 6) every day to help prevent or lessen some of the side effects of isoniazid. This is not usually needed in children, who receive enough pyridoxine in their diet.
Why is isoniazid taken on empty stomach?
The ideal time to take your tablets each day is half an hour before breakfast. If you forget, then take the tablets two hours after breakfast or wait until half an hour before your next meal. This is because isoniazid is absorbed better when your stomach is empty.
What vitamins is good for tuberculosis?
Vitamins such as biotin and thiamin are essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and are required for establishment of infection. On the other hand, vitamins such as Vitamin C and Vitamin D have been shown to possess antimycobacterial properties.
Can I take isoniazid on empty stomach?
This medicine should be taken on an empty stomach, 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal, with a full of glass of water. It is important to take this medicine on a regular schedule. If this medicine upsets your stomach, take it with food. Antacids may also help.
How can I prevent vomiting during TB?
Nausea and vomiting are frequent, especially with Eto or Pto and PAS during the first few weeks of treatment. To avoid nausea and vomiting, these drugs can be initiated at low dose with gradual increase over one to 2 weeks. Always look for: Signs of dehydration (thirst, dry mouth, sunken eyes)
Can I take isoniazid at night?
Take your medicine at the same time every day (i.e., before going to bed or first thing in the morning). INH is more effective if taken on an empty stomach. However, if you experience stomach problems, you may take it with food. If you find this drug causes fatigue, take it at bedtime.
Before Taking This Medicine
You should not use isoniazid if you are allergic to it, or if you have: 1. active liver disease; 2. a history of severe allergic reaction to isonia...
How Should I Take Isoniazid?
Follow all directions on your prescription label. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.Take isonia...
What Happens If I Miss A Dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to...
What Happens If I Overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.Overdose symptoms may include vomiting, severe dizziness or drowsin...
What Should I Avoid While Taking Isoniazid?
Avoid drinking alcohol. It may increase your risk of liver damage while you are taking isoniazid.You may need to avoid certain foods while you are...
What Other Drugs Will Affect Isoniazid?
Many drugs can interact with isoniazid. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible...
Very Important
A change in your diet, medicine, or dosage may be necessary. Promptly consult your doctor or pharmacist.
Are you currently using isoniazid?
This survey is being conducted by the WebMD marketing sciences department.
How to take medicine at the same time?
Ask a family member or friend to remind you. Use a pillbox. Put a reminder note on your mirror or refrigerator. Use a calendar to check off the day when you take your medicine.
How to take a pill?
Tips to Help You Take Your Medicine: 1 Take your medicine at the same time every day. 2 Set an alarm reminder for the time you should take your medicine. 3 Ask a family member or friend to remind you. 4 Use a pillbox. 5 Put a reminder note on your mirror or refrigerator. 6 Use a calendar to check off the day when you take your medicine.
What is isoniazid used for?
Isoniazid is an antibiotic that fights bacteria. Isoniazid is used to treat and to prevent tuberculosis (TB). You may need to take other TB medicines in combination with isoniazid. When treating active TB, isoniazid must be used with other TB medicines.
How do you know if you have isoniazid?
Symptoms may include: skin rash, fever, swollen glands, flu-like symptoms, muscle aches, severe weakness, unusual bruising, or yellowing of your skin or eyes. This reaction may occur several weeks after you began using isoniazid. Call your doctor at once if you have:
Can you take isoniazid if you have liver disease?
You should not use isoniazid if you have active liver disease, or if you have taken isoniazid in the past and it caused liver problems, fever, chills, joint pain, or severe allergic reaction.
Can Isoniazid be used for a viral infection?
Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Isoniazid will not treat a viral infection such as the flu or a common cold.
Can you drink alcohol while taking isoniazid?
Avoid drinking alcohol. It may increase your risk of liver damage while you are taking isoniazid. You may need to avoid certain foods while you are taking isoniazid. This includes red wine, aged cheese, dried meats, and tuna or other types of fish.
Does isoniazid cause hives?
Isoniazid side effects. Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction ( hives, difficult breathing, swelling in your face or throat) or a severe skin reaction (fever, sore throat, burning in your eyes, skin pain, red or purple skin rash that spreads and causes blistering and peeling).
How long should I take isoniazid?
CDC continues to recommend use of the short-course combination regimen of once-weekly isoniazid-rifapentine for 12 weeks (3HP) for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in adults. With regard to age limits, HIV infection, and administration of the treatment, CDC now also recommends the following: 1 use of 3HP in persons aged 2–17 years; 2 use of 3HP in persons with LTBI who are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and taking antiretroviral medications with acceptable drug-drug interactions with rifapentine*; and 3 use of 3HP by directly observed therapy (DOT) or self-administered therapy (SAT) in persons aged ≥2 years; the health care provider should choose the mode of administration (DOT versus SAT) based on local practice, individual patient attributes and preferences, and other considerations, including risk for progression to severe forms of tuberculosis disease.
How long does isoniazid rifapentine last?
Updated recommendations for once-weekly isoniazid-rifapentine for 12 weeks (3HP) for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. CDC continues to recommend use of the short-course combination regimen of once-weekly isoniazid-rifapentine for 12 weeks (3HP) for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in adults.
Can SAT be administered to children?
Based on this expert opinion, ACET formally recommended expansion of the option of parentally administered SAT to children. Some experts still prefer DOT for treating LTBI in children aged 2–5 years, in whom risk for TB progression and severe disease is higher than that in older children and adults.
Usual Adult Dose for Tuberculosis - Extrapulmonary
Pulmonary Tuberculosis without HIV Infection: OPTION 1: Initial regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol/streptomycin -Duration of therapy: 8 weeks Continuation regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) OR 15 mg/kg orally 2 to 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks OPTION 2: Initial regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 2 weeks Followed by: 15 mg/kg orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 weeks Continuation regimen: 15 mg/kg orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks OPTION 3: 15 mg/kg orally 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 months Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: Daily dosing: 5 mg/kg orally once a day -Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Intermittent dosing: 15 mg/kg orally 2 to 3 times a week -Maximum dose: 900 mg/day Duration of therapy: -Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: 6 to 9 months -Bone/joint tuberculosis: 12 months -Miliary tuberculosis: 12 months Comments: -Doses given 2 or 3 times a week should be given via directly observed therapy (DOT). -Adjunctive treatment (e.g., surgery, corticosteroids) may be necessary in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. -IM formulations may be used when oral administration is not possible. Use: Treatment for all forms of susceptible tuberculosis American Thoracic Society (ATS), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Recommendations: Up to 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 20 to 30 mg IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week Over 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 5 mg/kg (usually 300 mg/day) IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 15 mg/kg (up to 900 mg/dose) IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week Comment: Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg/day should be considered in all patients at risk of developing neuropathy; patients with peripheral neuropathy may be given 100 mg/day. Use: Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis US Department of Health and Human Services (US HHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and US CDC Recommendations: LATENT TUBERCULOSIS: Preferred therapy: 300 mg orally once a day OR 900 mg orally 2 times a week -Duration of therapy: 9 months Alternative therapy: 15 mg/kg orally once a week PLUS rifapentine -Duration of therapy: 12 weeks DRUG-SUSCEPTIBLE TUBERCULOSIS: Intensive Phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day PLUS rifampin/rifabutin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide -Duration of therapy: 2 months Continuation Phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day for 5 to 7 days per week PLUS rifampin/rifabutin Duration of therapy: -Extrapulmonary in other sites: 6 months -Pulmonary, drug susceptible: 6 months -Extrapulmonary with bone/joint involvement: 6 to 9 months -Pulmonary and positive culture at 2 months of treatment: 9 months -Extrapulmonary with central nervous system involvement: 9 to 12 months DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS: Initial phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day PLUS moxifloxacin/levofloxacin, ethambutol, rifampin/rifabutin, pyrazinamide, and an aminoglycoside/capreomycin Comments: -Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg orally should be given to patients during treatment for latent tuberculosis. -If the organism is susceptible to this drug and rifampin, ethambutol may be discontinued during the intensive phase. -DOT is recommended for patients with HIV-related tuberculosis. Uses: -Preferred treatment to prevent tuberculosis in patients with a positive screening test for latent tuberculosis infection, no evidence of active tuberculosis, and no prior history of treatment for active or latent tuberculosis -Preferred treatment to prevent tuberculosis in patients with close contact with a person with infectious tuberculosis, regardless of a screening test result -First-line drug for the treatment of active tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Usual Adult Dose for Tuberculosis - Active
Pulmonary Tuberculosis without HIV Infection: OPTION 1: Initial regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol/streptomycin -Duration of therapy: 8 weeks Continuation regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) OR 15 mg/kg orally 2 to 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks OPTION 2: Initial regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 2 weeks Followed by: 15 mg/kg orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 weeks Continuation regimen: 15 mg/kg orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks OPTION 3: 15 mg/kg orally 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 months Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: Daily dosing: 5 mg/kg orally once a day -Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Intermittent dosing: 15 mg/kg orally 2 to 3 times a week -Maximum dose: 900 mg/day Duration of therapy: -Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: 6 to 9 months -Bone/joint tuberculosis: 12 months -Miliary tuberculosis: 12 months Comments: -Doses given 2 or 3 times a week should be given via directly observed therapy (DOT). -Adjunctive treatment (e.g., surgery, corticosteroids) may be necessary in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. -IM formulations may be used when oral administration is not possible. Use: Treatment for all forms of susceptible tuberculosis American Thoracic Society (ATS), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Recommendations: Up to 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 20 to 30 mg IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week Over 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 5 mg/kg (usually 300 mg/day) IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 15 mg/kg (up to 900 mg/dose) IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week Comment: Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg/day should be considered in all patients at risk of developing neuropathy; patients with peripheral neuropathy may be given 100 mg/day. Use: Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis US Department of Health and Human Services (US HHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and US CDC Recommendations: LATENT TUBERCULOSIS: Preferred therapy: 300 mg orally once a day OR 900 mg orally 2 times a week -Duration of therapy: 9 months Alternative therapy: 15 mg/kg orally once a week PLUS rifapentine -Duration of therapy: 12 weeks DRUG-SUSCEPTIBLE TUBERCULOSIS: Intensive Phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day PLUS rifampin/rifabutin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide -Duration of therapy: 2 months Continuation Phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day for 5 to 7 days per week PLUS rifampin/rifabutin Duration of therapy: -Extrapulmonary in other sites: 6 months -Pulmonary, drug susceptible: 6 months -Extrapulmonary with bone/joint involvement: 6 to 9 months -Pulmonary and positive culture at 2 months of treatment: 9 months -Extrapulmonary with central nervous system involvement: 9 to 12 months DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS: Initial phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day PLUS moxifloxacin/levofloxacin, ethambutol, rifampin/rifabutin, pyrazinamide, and an aminoglycoside/capreomycin Comments: -Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg orally should be given to patients during treatment for latent tuberculosis. -If the organism is susceptible to this drug and rifampin, ethambutol may be discontinued during the intensive phase. -DOT is recommended for patients with HIV-related tuberculosis. Uses: -Preferred treatment to prevent tuberculosis in patients with a positive screening test for latent tuberculosis infection, no evidence of active tuberculosis, and no prior history of treatment for active or latent tuberculosis -Preferred treatment to prevent tuberculosis in patients with close contact with a person with infectious tuberculosis, regardless of a screening test result -First-line drug for the treatment of active tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Usual Adult Dose for Tuberculosis - Latent
Pulmonary Tuberculosis without HIV Infection: OPTION 1: Initial regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol/streptomycin -Duration of therapy: 8 weeks Continuation regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) OR 15 mg/kg orally 2 to 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks OPTION 2: Initial regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 2 weeks Followed by: 15 mg/kg orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 weeks Continuation regimen: 15 mg/kg orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks OPTION 3: 15 mg/kg orally 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 months Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: Daily dosing: 5 mg/kg orally once a day -Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Intermittent dosing: 15 mg/kg orally 2 to 3 times a week -Maximum dose: 900 mg/day Duration of therapy: -Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: 6 to 9 months -Bone/joint tuberculosis: 12 months -Miliary tuberculosis: 12 months Comments: -Doses given 2 or 3 times a week should be given via directly observed therapy (DOT). -Adjunctive treatment (e.g., surgery, corticosteroids) may be necessary in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. -IM formulations may be used when oral administration is not possible. Use: Treatment for all forms of susceptible tuberculosis American Thoracic Society (ATS), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Recommendations: Up to 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 20 to 30 mg IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week Over 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 5 mg/kg (usually 300 mg/day) IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 15 mg/kg (up to 900 mg/dose) IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week Comment: Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg/day should be considered in all patients at risk of developing neuropathy; patients with peripheral neuropathy may be given 100 mg/day. Use: Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis US Department of Health and Human Services (US HHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and US CDC Recommendations: LATENT TUBERCULOSIS: Preferred therapy: 300 mg orally once a day OR 900 mg orally 2 times a week -Duration of therapy: 9 months Alternative therapy: 15 mg/kg orally once a week PLUS rifapentine -Duration of therapy: 12 weeks DRUG-SUSCEPTIBLE TUBERCULOSIS: Intensive Phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day PLUS rifampin/rifabutin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide -Duration of therapy: 2 months Continuation Phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day for 5 to 7 days per week PLUS rifampin/rifabutin Duration of therapy: -Extrapulmonary in other sites: 6 months -Pulmonary, drug susceptible: 6 months -Extrapulmonary with bone/joint involvement: 6 to 9 months -Pulmonary and positive culture at 2 months of treatment: 9 months -Extrapulmonary with central nervous system involvement: 9 to 12 months DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS: Initial phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day PLUS moxifloxacin/levofloxacin, ethambutol, rifampin/rifabutin, pyrazinamide, and an aminoglycoside/capreomycin Comments: -Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg orally should be given to patients during treatment for latent tuberculosis. -If the organism is susceptible to this drug and rifampin, ethambutol may be discontinued during the intensive phase. -DOT is recommended for patients with HIV-related tuberculosis. Uses: -Preferred treatment to prevent tuberculosis in patients with a positive screening test for latent tuberculosis infection, no evidence of active tuberculosis, and no prior history of treatment for active or latent tuberculosis -Preferred treatment to prevent tuberculosis in patients with close contact with a person with infectious tuberculosis, regardless of a screening test result -First-line drug for the treatment of active tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Usual Adult Dose for Tuberculosis - Prophylaxis
Adults over 30 kg: 300 mg orally once a day Duration of therapy: -Close contact with newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients: At least 12 weeks -Fibrotic pulmonary lesions or pulmonary silicosis: 12 months (or 4 months PLUS rifampin) -Patients with HIV: At least 12 months Comments: -Bacteriologically positive or radiographically progressive tuberculosis should be excluded before starting treatment. -Pyridoxine is recommended in patients who are malnourished and those at risk of neuropathy (e.g., alcoholics, patients with diabetes). -IM formulations may be used when oral administration is not possible. Uses: Preventive therapy in: -Close contacts of persons with newly diagnosed infectious tuberculosis -IV drug users known to be HIV-seronegative -Patients with HIV infection and persons with risk factors for HIV infection whose status is unknown, but who are suspected of having HIV infection -Patients with the following medical conditions: clinical situations associated with substantial rapid weight loss/chronic undernutrition (e.g., carcinomas of the upper oropharynx and upper gastrointestinal tract that prevent adequate nutritional intake, chronic malabsorption syndromes, chronic peptic ulcer disease, intestinal bypass surgery, postgastrectomy state with/without weight loss), diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, immunosuppressive therapy, prolonged adrenocorticosteroid therapy, silicosis, some hematologic and reticuloendothelial diseases (e.g., leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma) -Patients younger than 35 years in high-incidence groups (e.g., foreign-born patients from high-prevalence countries who never received bacilli Calmette-Guerin [BCG] vaccine, medically underserved, low-income populations, including high-risk racial or ethnic minority populations, especially blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans, and residents of facilities for long-term care [e.g., correctional institutions, nursing homes, mental institutions]) -Patients younger than 35 years with a tuberculin skin test reaction of 15 mm or more -Persons with abnormal chest radiographs that show fibrotic lesions likely to represent old healed tuberculosis or pulmonary silicosis -Recent converters (e.g., tuberculin skin test with 10 mm or greater (younger than 35 years) OR 15 mm or greater (35 years and older) within a 2-year period) US HHS, NIH, HRSA, and US CDC Recommendations: Preferred choice: 300 mg orally once a day OR 900 mg orally 2 times a week -Duration of therapy: 9 months Alternative choice: 900 mg orally once a week PLUS rifapentine -Duration of therapy: 12 weeks Comments: -Patients receiving intermittent dosing should be given doses via DOT. -Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg orally once a day should be given with this drug. Uses: -Prophylaxis to prevent the first episode of tuberculosis in patients with a positive screening test for latent tuberculosis infection, with no evidence of active tuberculosis, and no prior treatment for active or latent tuberculosis -Prophylaxis to prevent the first episode of tuberculosis in patients with close contact with a person with infectious tuberculosis, with no evidence of active tuberculosis, regardless of screening test results.
Usual Adult Dose for Mycobacterium kansasii
ATS and IDSA Recommendations: 5 mg/kg orally once a day Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Duration of therapy: 18 months Comment: Patients should have at least 12 months of negative sputum cultures. Use: Treatment of Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary disease
Usual Pediatric Dose for Tuberculosis - Extrapulmonary
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS WITHOUT HIV INFECTION: Option 1: Initial regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM or orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol/streptomycin -Duration of therapy: 8 weeks Continuation regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM or orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) OR 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 2 to 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks Option 2: Initial regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM or orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 2 weeks Followed by: 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 weeks Continuation regimen: 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks Option 3: 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 months EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS: Daily dosing: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM or orally once a day -Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Intermittent dosing: 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 2 to 3 times a week -Maximum dose: 900 mg/day Duration of therapy: -Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: 6 to 9 months -Bone/joint tuberculosis: 12 months -Miliary tuberculosis: 12 months Comments: -Doses given 2 or 3 times a week should be given via DOT. -Adjunctive treatment (e.g., surgery, corticosteroids) may be necessary in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. -IM formulations may be used when oral administration is not possible. Use: Treatment for all forms of susceptible tuberculosis American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Recommendations: Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Daily dosing: 10 to 15 mg/kg orally once a day -Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Intermittent dosing: 20 to 30 mg orally 2 times a week -Maximum dose: 900 mg/dose Duration of therapy: -Latent tuberculosis (drug-susceptible): 9 months -Pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (except meningitis): 2 months (3-drug regimen), then 4 months for drug-susceptible M tuberculosis OR 9 to 12 months for drug-susceptible Mycobacterium bovis -Meningitis: 2 months (4-drug regimen), followed by 7 to 10 months of this drug and rifampin (once a day or 2 times a week) Comments: -Daily treatment is preferred for latent tuberculosis; however, DOT may be used if daily treatment is not possible. -Patients who receive a 3-drug regimen (e.g., this drug, rifampin, and pyrazinamide) should have a low risk of drug resistance. -Patients with only hilar adenopathy and a low risk of drug resistance may receive treatment with this drug and rifampin for 6 months. -Patients with meningitis caused by M bovis should receive treatment with this drug, rifampin, and an aminoglycoside or ethionamide for 2 months, followed by at least 7 to 10 months of this drug and rifampin. Uses: -Treatment of latent Mycobacterial tuberculosis infection (e.g., positive tuberculin skin tests or interferon-gamma release assay result, no disease) -Treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary Mycobacterial tuberculosis infection (except meningitis) caused by M tuberculosis or M bovis -Treatment of meningitis caused by M tuberculosis or M bovis ATS, US CDC, and IDSA Recommendations: Less than 15 years OR up to 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 20 to 30 mg IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week 15 years and older AND/OR over 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 5 mg/kg (usually 300 mg/day) IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 15 mg/kg (up to 900 mg/dose) IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week Comment: Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg/day should be considered in all patients at risk of developing neuropathy; patients with peripheral neuropathy may be given 100 mg/day. Use: Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis US HHS, NIH, HRSA, and US CDC Recommendations: Children: DRUG-SUSCEPTIBLE TUBERCULOSIS: Intensive Phase: 10 to 15 mg/kg orally once a day PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Duration of therapy: 2 months Continuation Phase: 10 to 15 mg/kg (up to 300 mg/day) orally once a day PLUS rifampin OR 20 to 30 mg/kg IM or orally 3 times a week Duration of therapy: -Bone/joint disease or meningitis: Up to 10 months -Intrathoracic disease, lymph node tuberculosis: 7 months -Minimal disease and in the absence of significant immune compromise: 4 months Comment: The total duration of treatment is at least 12 months for minimal disease, and 18 to 24 months after non-bacteriological diagnosis or after culture conversion. Uses: -First-line drug for the treatment of active tuberculosis caused by M tuberculosis -Alternative drug (as part of a 3-drug regimen) for the treatment of fully drug-susceptible tuberculosis in the absence of significant immune compromise.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Tuberculosis - Active
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS WITHOUT HIV INFECTION: Option 1: Initial regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM or orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol/streptomycin -Duration of therapy: 8 weeks Continuation regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM or orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) OR 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 2 to 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks Option 2: Initial regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM or orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 2 weeks Followed by: 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 weeks Continuation regimen: 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks Option 3: 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 months EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS: Daily dosing: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM or orally once a day -Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Intermittent dosing: 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 2 to 3 times a week -Maximum dose: 900 mg/day Duration of therapy: -Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: 6 to 9 months -Bone/joint tuberculosis: 12 months -Miliary tuberculosis: 12 months Comments: -Doses given 2 or 3 times a week should be given via DOT. -Adjunctive treatment (e.g., surgery, corticosteroids) may be necessary in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. -IM formulations may be used when oral administration is not possible. Use: Treatment for all forms of susceptible tuberculosis American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Recommendations: Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Daily dosing: 10 to 15 mg/kg orally once a day -Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Intermittent dosing: 20 to 30 mg orally 2 times a week -Maximum dose: 900 mg/dose Duration of therapy: -Latent tuberculosis (drug-susceptible): 9 months -Pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (except meningitis): 2 months (3-drug regimen), then 4 months for drug-susceptible M tuberculosis OR 9 to 12 months for drug-susceptible Mycobacterium bovis -Meningitis: 2 months (4-drug regimen), followed by 7 to 10 months of this drug and rifampin (once a day or 2 times a week) Comments: -Daily treatment is preferred for latent tuberculosis; however, DOT may be used if daily treatment is not possible. -Patients who receive a 3-drug regimen (e.g., this drug, rifampin, and pyrazinamide) should have a low risk of drug resistance. -Patients with only hilar adenopathy and a low risk of drug resistance may receive treatment with this drug and rifampin for 6 months. -Patients with meningitis caused by M bovis should receive treatment with this drug, rifampin, and an aminoglycoside or ethionamide for 2 months, followed by at least 7 to 10 months of this drug and rifampin. Uses: -Treatment of latent Mycobacterial tuberculosis infection (e.g., positive tuberculin skin tests or interferon-gamma release assay result, no disease) -Treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary Mycobacterial tuberculosis infection (except meningitis) caused by M tuberculosis or M bovis -Treatment of meningitis caused by M tuberculosis or M bovis ATS, US CDC, and IDSA Recommendations: Less than 15 years OR up to 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 20 to 30 mg IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week 15 years and older AND/OR over 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 5 mg/kg (usually 300 mg/day) IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 15 mg/kg (up to 900 mg/dose) IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week Comment: Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg/day should be considered in all patients at risk of developing neuropathy; patients with peripheral neuropathy may be given 100 mg/day. Use: Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis US HHS, NIH, HRSA, and US CDC Recommendations: Children: DRUG-SUSCEPTIBLE TUBERCULOSIS: Intensive Phase: 10 to 15 mg/kg orally once a day PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Duration of therapy: 2 months Continuation Phase: 10 to 15 mg/kg (up to 300 mg/day) orally once a day PLUS rifampin OR 20 to 30 mg/kg IM or orally 3 times a week Duration of therapy: -Bone/joint disease or meningitis: Up to 10 months -Intrathoracic disease, lymph node tuberculosis: 7 months -Minimal disease and in the absence of significant immune compromise: 4 months Comment: The total duration of treatment is at least 12 months for minimal disease, and 18 to 24 months after non-bacteriological diagnosis or after culture conversion. Uses: -First-line drug for the treatment of active tuberculosis caused by M tuberculosis -Alternative drug (as part of a 3-drug regimen) for the treatment of fully drug-susceptible tuberculosis in the absence of significant immune compromise.