Can isoniazid be used to treat LTBI?
Nov 07, 2019 · Treatment failure occurred in three (8%), and MDR was identified in two of the three patients during treatment for 2 months with INH-RIF-EMB-PZA and 10 months of RIF-EMB treatment. In an Indian study of 1,817 patients with TB, although resistance to RIF emerged in only 2% of the patients, 32 of 60 patients (53%) with INH-resistant TB who had ...
Can I take other medicines with isoniazid?
Isoniazid for LTBI Treatment (September 2018) Page | 1 of 2 Isoniazid (INH) for Latent TB Infection (LTBI) Treatment NOTE: It is imperative to rule out active TB disease in all persons prior to initiating treatment for LTBI Is the regimen effective? Nine months of Isoniazid is a regimen that has been historically used for the treatment of LTBI.
How should I take isoniazid If I have active TB?
You will need to avoid eating foods beverages that contain very high amounts of tyramine or histamine during your treatment with isoniazid. These foods and beverages include certain cheeses, red wine, and certain fish (e.g., tuna, other tropical fish).
What special dietary instructions should I follow for isoniazid?
Your doctor may have you take vitamin B6 with your medicine. Note: When isoniazid is to be taken 2 times a week, it should be given by directly observed therapy (DOT).* IF YOU FORGET TO TAKE YOUR MEDICINE: If it is still the same day, take the dose as soon as you remember. If the day has passed, skip the missed dose and take your next scheduled dose — do not take 2 doses at the …
What foods should be avoided when taking isoniazid?
The foods to avoid include: aged cheeses, avocados, bananas, raisins, sour cream, soy sauce, some sausages and meats, including liver; some fish, including skipjack, tropical fish and tuna, beer and red wine. You should restrict alcohol consumption while taking isoniazid because it boosts your risk for liver problems.
Do you take isoniazid with food?
Take this medicine on an empty stomach, at least 30 minutes before or 2 hours after food. Do not take with food. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed.
What do you give with isoniazid?
Your doctor may also want you to take pyridoxine (eg, Hexa-Betalin, vitamin B6) every day to help prevent or lessen some of the side effects of isoniazid. If it is needed, it is very important to take pyridoxine everyday along with this medicine. Do not miss any doses.
When should I eat with isoniazid?
The ideal time to take your tablets each day is half an hour before breakfast. If you forget, then take the tablets two hours after breakfast or wait until half an hour before your next meal. This is because isoniazid is absorbed better when your stomach is empty.Jun 15, 2020
Can isoniazid be taken with milk?
You can take your medicine with milk, water, juice, soda, coffee or tea. If your medicine causes upset stomach, take it with food. If you are taking an antacid (like Maalox, Mylanta), take it 1 hour before or 2 hours after taking your INH. If you forget to take your medicine, do not try to catch up the next day.
Why is B6 given with isoniazid?
Guidelines for Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Among HIV Infected Individuals (2010) Ministry of Health, South Africa Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 25 mg per day should be given concomitantly with isoniazid to prevent the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy.
How do you drink isoniazid?
How to use Isoniazid. Take this medication by mouth on an empty stomach (1 hour before or 2 hours after meals) as directed by your doctor. If you are using the liquid form of this medication, carefully measure the dose using a special measuring device/spoon.
Should isoniazid be taken on an empty stomach?
This medicine should be taken on an empty stomach, 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal, with a full of glass of water. It is important to take this medicine on a regular schedule. If this medicine upsets your stomach, take it with food. Antacids may also help.
What is the most common side effect of isoniazid?
Common side effects may include: numbness, tingling, or burning pain in your hands or feet; nausea, vomiting, upset stomach; or. abnormal liver function tests.
Can isoniazid be taken at night?
Take your medicine at the same time every day (i.e., before going to bed or first thing in the morning). INH is more effective if taken on an empty stomach. However, if you experience stomach problems, you may take it with food. If you find this drug causes fatigue, take it at bedtime.Jul 16, 2014
How do I reduce the side effects of isoniazid?
Your doctor may also want you to take pyridoxine (e.g., Hexa-Betalin, vitamin B 6) every day to help prevent or lessen some of the side effects of isoniazid.
What happens if I skip 1 day of TB treatment?
IF YOU FORGET TO TAKE YOUR MEDICINE: If it is still the same day, take the dose as soon as you remember. If the day has passed, skip the missed dose and take your next scheduled dose — do not take 2 doses at the same time.
Before Taking This Medicine
You should not use isoniazid if you are allergic to it, or if you have: 1. active liver disease; 2. a history of severe allergic reaction to isonia...
How Should I Take Isoniazid?
Follow all directions on your prescription label. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.Take isonia...
What Happens If I Miss A Dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to...
What Happens If I Overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.Overdose symptoms may include vomiting, severe dizziness or drowsin...
What Should I Avoid While Taking Isoniazid?
Avoid drinking alcohol. It may increase your risk of liver damage while you are taking isoniazid.You may need to avoid certain foods while you are...
What Other Drugs Will Affect Isoniazid?
Many drugs can interact with isoniazid. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible...
What to do if you are allergic to isoniazid?
tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to isoniazid, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in isoniazid tablets or oral solution. Ask your pharmacist for a list of the ingredients.
How often should I take isoniazid?
Isoniazid is usually is taken once a day; it may also be taken one, two, or three times weekly. Take isoniazid at around the same time every scheduled day.
What is isoniazid used for?
Isoniazid is also used with other drugs to treat people with latent (resting or nongrowing) TB including those in close contact with people who have active TB, a positive tuberculin skin test, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and those with pulmonary fibrosis (scarring of the lungs with an unknown cause).
What is the phone number to call for poison control?
In case of overdose, call the poison control helpline at 1-800-222-1222. Information is also available online at https://www.poisonhelp.org/help. If the victim has collapsed, had a seizure, has trouble breathing, or can't be awakened, immediately call emergency services at 911.
What foods should I avoid with isoniazid?
These foods and beverages include certain cheeses, red wine, and certain fish (e.g., tuna, other tropical fish).
What are the symptoms of liver disease?
If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately: excessive tiredness, weakness, lack of energy, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, ...
Can you drink alcohol while taking isoniazid?
tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. If you become pregnant while taking isoniazid, call your doctor. you should know that you should not drink alcohol while taking this drug.
How to take medicine at the same time?
Ask a family member or friend to remind you. Use a pillbox. Put a reminder note on your mirror or refrigerator. Use a calendar to check off the day when you take your medicine.
How to take a pill?
Tips to Help You Take Your Medicine: 1 Take your medicine at the same time every day. 2 Set an alarm reminder for the time you should take your medicine. 3 Ask a family member or friend to remind you. 4 Use a pillbox. 5 Put a reminder note on your mirror or refrigerator. 6 Use a calendar to check off the day when you take your medicine.
How to treat latent TB?
Go to your planned clinic visits. Discuss any alcohol use with your doctor. Alcohol use may cause side effects. Tell your doctor about all other medicines you are taking. Be sure to tell your other doctors that you are being treated for latentTB infection.
What is isoniazid used for?
Isoniazid is an antibiotic that fights bacteria. Isoniazid is used to treat and to prevent tuberculosis (TB). You may need to take other TB medicines in combination with isoniazid. When treating active TB, isoniazid must be used with other TB medicines.
How do you know if you have isoniazid?
Symptoms may include: skin rash, fever, swollen glands, flu-like symptoms, muscle aches, severe weakness, unusual bruising, or yellowing of your skin or eyes. This reaction may occur several weeks after you began using isoniazid. Call your doctor at once if you have:
What causes numbness and pain?
nerve problems that cause pain, weakness, or numbness; diabetes; HIV or AIDS; if you drink alcohol daily; if you are malnourished; if you use any drugs that are injected; or. if you have ever had to stop taking isoniazid for any reason.
Can you take isoniazid if you have liver disease?
You should not use isoniazid if you have active liver disease, or if you have taken isoniazid in the past and it caused liver problems, fever, chills, joint pain, or severe allergic reaction.
Can Isoniazid be used for a viral infection?
Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Isoniazid will not treat a viral infection such as the flu or a common cold.
Can you drink alcohol while taking isoniazid?
Avoid drinking alcohol. It may increase your risk of liver damage while you are taking isoniazid. You may need to avoid certain foods while you are taking isoniazid. This includes red wine, aged cheese, dried meats, and tuna or other types of fish.
Does isoniazid cause hives?
Isoniazid side effects. Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction ( hives, difficult breathing, swelling in your face or throat) or a severe skin reaction (fever, sore throat, burning in your eyes, skin pain, red or purple skin rash that spreads and causes blistering and peeling).
How long does pyrazinamide last?
pyrazinamide (PZA) TB Regimens for Drug-Susceptible TB. Regimens for treating TB disease have an intensive phase of 2 months, followed by a continuation phase of either 4 or 7 months (total of 6 to 9 months for treatment). Drug Susceptible TB Disease Treatment Regimens. Regimens for treating TB disease have an intensive phase of 2 months, ...
How long does it take to treat TB?
TB disease can be treated by taking several drugs for 6 to 9 months. There are 10 drugs currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating TB. Of the approved drugs, the first-line anti-TB agents that form the core of treatment regimens are: isoniazid (INH) rifampin (RIF)
What is XDR TB?
Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB) is a rare type of MDR TB that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin). Treating and curing drug-resistant TB is complicated.
What is it called when TB bacteria multiply?
When TB bacteria become active (multiplying in the body) and the immune system can’t stop the bacteria from growing, this is called TB disease. TB disease will make a person sick. People with TB disease may spread the bacteria to people with whom they spend many hours.
Can TB be treated?
It is very important that people who have TB disease are treated, finish the medicine, and take the drugs exactly as prescribed. If they stop taking the drugs too soon, they can become sick again; if they do not take the drugs correctly, the TB bacteria that are still alive may become resistant to those drugs.
Usual Adult Dose for Tuberculosis - Extrapulmonary
Pulmonary Tuberculosis without HIV Infection: OPTION 1: Initial regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol/streptomycin -Duration of therapy: 8 weeks Continuation regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) OR 15 mg/kg orally 2 to 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks OPTION 2: Initial regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 2 weeks Followed by: 15 mg/kg orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 weeks Continuation regimen: 15 mg/kg orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks OPTION 3: 15 mg/kg orally 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 months Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: Daily dosing: 5 mg/kg orally once a day -Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Intermittent dosing: 15 mg/kg orally 2 to 3 times a week -Maximum dose: 900 mg/day Duration of therapy: -Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: 6 to 9 months -Bone/joint tuberculosis: 12 months -Miliary tuberculosis: 12 months Comments: -Doses given 2 or 3 times a week should be given via directly observed therapy (DOT). -Adjunctive treatment (e.g., surgery, corticosteroids) may be necessary in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. -IM formulations may be used when oral administration is not possible. Use: Treatment for all forms of susceptible tuberculosis American Thoracic Society (ATS), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Recommendations: Up to 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 20 to 30 mg IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week Over 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 5 mg/kg (usually 300 mg/day) IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 15 mg/kg (up to 900 mg/dose) IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week Comment: Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg/day should be considered in all patients at risk of developing neuropathy; patients with peripheral neuropathy may be given 100 mg/day. Use: Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis US Department of Health and Human Services (US HHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and US CDC Recommendations: LATENT TUBERCULOSIS: Preferred therapy: 300 mg orally once a day OR 900 mg orally 2 times a week -Duration of therapy: 9 months Alternative therapy: 15 mg/kg orally once a week PLUS rifapentine -Duration of therapy: 12 weeks DRUG-SUSCEPTIBLE TUBERCULOSIS: Intensive Phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day PLUS rifampin/rifabutin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide -Duration of therapy: 2 months Continuation Phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day for 5 to 7 days per week PLUS rifampin/rifabutin Duration of therapy: -Extrapulmonary in other sites: 6 months -Pulmonary, drug susceptible: 6 months -Extrapulmonary with bone/joint involvement: 6 to 9 months -Pulmonary and positive culture at 2 months of treatment: 9 months -Extrapulmonary with central nervous system involvement: 9 to 12 months DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS: Initial phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day PLUS moxifloxacin/levofloxacin, ethambutol, rifampin/rifabutin, pyrazinamide, and an aminoglycoside/capreomycin Comments: -Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg orally should be given to patients during treatment for latent tuberculosis. -If the organism is susceptible to this drug and rifampin, ethambutol may be discontinued during the intensive phase. -DOT is recommended for patients with HIV-related tuberculosis. Uses: -Preferred treatment to prevent tuberculosis in patients with a positive screening test for latent tuberculosis infection, no evidence of active tuberculosis, and no prior history of treatment for active or latent tuberculosis -Preferred treatment to prevent tuberculosis in patients with close contact with a person with infectious tuberculosis, regardless of a screening test result -First-line drug for the treatment of active tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Usual Adult Dose for Tuberculosis - Active
Pulmonary Tuberculosis without HIV Infection: OPTION 1: Initial regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol/streptomycin -Duration of therapy: 8 weeks Continuation regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) OR 15 mg/kg orally 2 to 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks OPTION 2: Initial regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 2 weeks Followed by: 15 mg/kg orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 weeks Continuation regimen: 15 mg/kg orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks OPTION 3: 15 mg/kg orally 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 months Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: Daily dosing: 5 mg/kg orally once a day -Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Intermittent dosing: 15 mg/kg orally 2 to 3 times a week -Maximum dose: 900 mg/day Duration of therapy: -Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: 6 to 9 months -Bone/joint tuberculosis: 12 months -Miliary tuberculosis: 12 months Comments: -Doses given 2 or 3 times a week should be given via directly observed therapy (DOT). -Adjunctive treatment (e.g., surgery, corticosteroids) may be necessary in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. -IM formulations may be used when oral administration is not possible. Use: Treatment for all forms of susceptible tuberculosis American Thoracic Society (ATS), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Recommendations: Up to 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 20 to 30 mg IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week Over 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 5 mg/kg (usually 300 mg/day) IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 15 mg/kg (up to 900 mg/dose) IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week Comment: Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg/day should be considered in all patients at risk of developing neuropathy; patients with peripheral neuropathy may be given 100 mg/day. Use: Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis US Department of Health and Human Services (US HHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and US CDC Recommendations: LATENT TUBERCULOSIS: Preferred therapy: 300 mg orally once a day OR 900 mg orally 2 times a week -Duration of therapy: 9 months Alternative therapy: 15 mg/kg orally once a week PLUS rifapentine -Duration of therapy: 12 weeks DRUG-SUSCEPTIBLE TUBERCULOSIS: Intensive Phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day PLUS rifampin/rifabutin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide -Duration of therapy: 2 months Continuation Phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day for 5 to 7 days per week PLUS rifampin/rifabutin Duration of therapy: -Extrapulmonary in other sites: 6 months -Pulmonary, drug susceptible: 6 months -Extrapulmonary with bone/joint involvement: 6 to 9 months -Pulmonary and positive culture at 2 months of treatment: 9 months -Extrapulmonary with central nervous system involvement: 9 to 12 months DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS: Initial phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day PLUS moxifloxacin/levofloxacin, ethambutol, rifampin/rifabutin, pyrazinamide, and an aminoglycoside/capreomycin Comments: -Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg orally should be given to patients during treatment for latent tuberculosis. -If the organism is susceptible to this drug and rifampin, ethambutol may be discontinued during the intensive phase. -DOT is recommended for patients with HIV-related tuberculosis. Uses: -Preferred treatment to prevent tuberculosis in patients with a positive screening test for latent tuberculosis infection, no evidence of active tuberculosis, and no prior history of treatment for active or latent tuberculosis -Preferred treatment to prevent tuberculosis in patients with close contact with a person with infectious tuberculosis, regardless of a screening test result -First-line drug for the treatment of active tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Usual Adult Dose for Tuberculosis - Latent
Pulmonary Tuberculosis without HIV Infection: OPTION 1: Initial regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol/streptomycin -Duration of therapy: 8 weeks Continuation regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) OR 15 mg/kg orally 2 to 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks OPTION 2: Initial regimen: 5 mg/kg orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 2 weeks Followed by: 15 mg/kg orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 weeks Continuation regimen: 15 mg/kg orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks OPTION 3: 15 mg/kg orally 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 months Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: Daily dosing: 5 mg/kg orally once a day -Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Intermittent dosing: 15 mg/kg orally 2 to 3 times a week -Maximum dose: 900 mg/day Duration of therapy: -Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: 6 to 9 months -Bone/joint tuberculosis: 12 months -Miliary tuberculosis: 12 months Comments: -Doses given 2 or 3 times a week should be given via directly observed therapy (DOT). -Adjunctive treatment (e.g., surgery, corticosteroids) may be necessary in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. -IM formulations may be used when oral administration is not possible. Use: Treatment for all forms of susceptible tuberculosis American Thoracic Society (ATS), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Recommendations: Up to 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 20 to 30 mg IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week Over 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 5 mg/kg (usually 300 mg/day) IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 15 mg/kg (up to 900 mg/dose) IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week Comment: Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg/day should be considered in all patients at risk of developing neuropathy; patients with peripheral neuropathy may be given 100 mg/day. Use: Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis US Department of Health and Human Services (US HHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and US CDC Recommendations: LATENT TUBERCULOSIS: Preferred therapy: 300 mg orally once a day OR 900 mg orally 2 times a week -Duration of therapy: 9 months Alternative therapy: 15 mg/kg orally once a week PLUS rifapentine -Duration of therapy: 12 weeks DRUG-SUSCEPTIBLE TUBERCULOSIS: Intensive Phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day PLUS rifampin/rifabutin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide -Duration of therapy: 2 months Continuation Phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day for 5 to 7 days per week PLUS rifampin/rifabutin Duration of therapy: -Extrapulmonary in other sites: 6 months -Pulmonary, drug susceptible: 6 months -Extrapulmonary with bone/joint involvement: 6 to 9 months -Pulmonary and positive culture at 2 months of treatment: 9 months -Extrapulmonary with central nervous system involvement: 9 to 12 months DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS: Initial phase: 5 mg/kg orally once a day PLUS moxifloxacin/levofloxacin, ethambutol, rifampin/rifabutin, pyrazinamide, and an aminoglycoside/capreomycin Comments: -Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg orally should be given to patients during treatment for latent tuberculosis. -If the organism is susceptible to this drug and rifampin, ethambutol may be discontinued during the intensive phase. -DOT is recommended for patients with HIV-related tuberculosis. Uses: -Preferred treatment to prevent tuberculosis in patients with a positive screening test for latent tuberculosis infection, no evidence of active tuberculosis, and no prior history of treatment for active or latent tuberculosis -Preferred treatment to prevent tuberculosis in patients with close contact with a person with infectious tuberculosis, regardless of a screening test result -First-line drug for the treatment of active tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Usual Adult Dose for Tuberculosis - Prophylaxis
Adults over 30 kg: 300 mg orally once a day Duration of therapy: -Close contact with newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients: At least 12 weeks -Fibrotic pulmonary lesions or pulmonary silicosis: 12 months (or 4 months PLUS rifampin) -Patients with HIV: At least 12 months Comments: -Bacteriologically positive or radiographically progressive tuberculosis should be excluded before starting treatment. -Pyridoxine is recommended in patients who are malnourished and those at risk of neuropathy (e.g., alcoholics, patients with diabetes). -IM formulations may be used when oral administration is not possible. Uses: Preventive therapy in: -Close contacts of persons with newly diagnosed infectious tuberculosis -IV drug users known to be HIV-seronegative -Patients with HIV infection and persons with risk factors for HIV infection whose status is unknown, but who are suspected of having HIV infection -Patients with the following medical conditions: clinical situations associated with substantial rapid weight loss/chronic undernutrition (e.g., carcinomas of the upper oropharynx and upper gastrointestinal tract that prevent adequate nutritional intake, chronic malabsorption syndromes, chronic peptic ulcer disease, intestinal bypass surgery, postgastrectomy state with/without weight loss), diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, immunosuppressive therapy, prolonged adrenocorticosteroid therapy, silicosis, some hematologic and reticuloendothelial diseases (e.g., leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma) -Patients younger than 35 years in high-incidence groups (e.g., foreign-born patients from high-prevalence countries who never received bacilli Calmette-Guerin [BCG] vaccine, medically underserved, low-income populations, including high-risk racial or ethnic minority populations, especially blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans, and residents of facilities for long-term care [e.g., correctional institutions, nursing homes, mental institutions]) -Patients younger than 35 years with a tuberculin skin test reaction of 15 mm or more -Persons with abnormal chest radiographs that show fibrotic lesions likely to represent old healed tuberculosis or pulmonary silicosis -Recent converters (e.g., tuberculin skin test with 10 mm or greater (younger than 35 years) OR 15 mm or greater (35 years and older) within a 2-year period) US HHS, NIH, HRSA, and US CDC Recommendations: Preferred choice: 300 mg orally once a day OR 900 mg orally 2 times a week -Duration of therapy: 9 months Alternative choice: 900 mg orally once a week PLUS rifapentine -Duration of therapy: 12 weeks Comments: -Patients receiving intermittent dosing should be given doses via DOT. -Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg orally once a day should be given with this drug. Uses: -Prophylaxis to prevent the first episode of tuberculosis in patients with a positive screening test for latent tuberculosis infection, with no evidence of active tuberculosis, and no prior treatment for active or latent tuberculosis -Prophylaxis to prevent the first episode of tuberculosis in patients with close contact with a person with infectious tuberculosis, with no evidence of active tuberculosis, regardless of screening test results.
Usual Adult Dose for Mycobacterium kansasii
ATS and IDSA Recommendations: 5 mg/kg orally once a day Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Duration of therapy: 18 months Comment: Patients should have at least 12 months of negative sputum cultures. Use: Treatment of Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary disease
Usual Pediatric Dose for Tuberculosis - Extrapulmonary
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS WITHOUT HIV INFECTION: Option 1: Initial regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM or orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol/streptomycin -Duration of therapy: 8 weeks Continuation regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM or orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) OR 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 2 to 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks Option 2: Initial regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM or orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 2 weeks Followed by: 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 weeks Continuation regimen: 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks Option 3: 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 months EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS: Daily dosing: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM or orally once a day -Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Intermittent dosing: 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 2 to 3 times a week -Maximum dose: 900 mg/day Duration of therapy: -Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: 6 to 9 months -Bone/joint tuberculosis: 12 months -Miliary tuberculosis: 12 months Comments: -Doses given 2 or 3 times a week should be given via DOT. -Adjunctive treatment (e.g., surgery, corticosteroids) may be necessary in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. -IM formulations may be used when oral administration is not possible. Use: Treatment for all forms of susceptible tuberculosis American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Recommendations: Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Daily dosing: 10 to 15 mg/kg orally once a day -Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Intermittent dosing: 20 to 30 mg orally 2 times a week -Maximum dose: 900 mg/dose Duration of therapy: -Latent tuberculosis (drug-susceptible): 9 months -Pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (except meningitis): 2 months (3-drug regimen), then 4 months for drug-susceptible M tuberculosis OR 9 to 12 months for drug-susceptible Mycobacterium bovis -Meningitis: 2 months (4-drug regimen), followed by 7 to 10 months of this drug and rifampin (once a day or 2 times a week) Comments: -Daily treatment is preferred for latent tuberculosis; however, DOT may be used if daily treatment is not possible. -Patients who receive a 3-drug regimen (e.g., this drug, rifampin, and pyrazinamide) should have a low risk of drug resistance. -Patients with only hilar adenopathy and a low risk of drug resistance may receive treatment with this drug and rifampin for 6 months. -Patients with meningitis caused by M bovis should receive treatment with this drug, rifampin, and an aminoglycoside or ethionamide for 2 months, followed by at least 7 to 10 months of this drug and rifampin. Uses: -Treatment of latent Mycobacterial tuberculosis infection (e.g., positive tuberculin skin tests or interferon-gamma release assay result, no disease) -Treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary Mycobacterial tuberculosis infection (except meningitis) caused by M tuberculosis or M bovis -Treatment of meningitis caused by M tuberculosis or M bovis ATS, US CDC, and IDSA Recommendations: Less than 15 years OR up to 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 20 to 30 mg IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week 15 years and older AND/OR over 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 5 mg/kg (usually 300 mg/day) IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 15 mg/kg (up to 900 mg/dose) IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week Comment: Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg/day should be considered in all patients at risk of developing neuropathy; patients with peripheral neuropathy may be given 100 mg/day. Use: Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis US HHS, NIH, HRSA, and US CDC Recommendations: Children: DRUG-SUSCEPTIBLE TUBERCULOSIS: Intensive Phase: 10 to 15 mg/kg orally once a day PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Duration of therapy: 2 months Continuation Phase: 10 to 15 mg/kg (up to 300 mg/day) orally once a day PLUS rifampin OR 20 to 30 mg/kg IM or orally 3 times a week Duration of therapy: -Bone/joint disease or meningitis: Up to 10 months -Intrathoracic disease, lymph node tuberculosis: 7 months -Minimal disease and in the absence of significant immune compromise: 4 months Comment: The total duration of treatment is at least 12 months for minimal disease, and 18 to 24 months after non-bacteriological diagnosis or after culture conversion. Uses: -First-line drug for the treatment of active tuberculosis caused by M tuberculosis -Alternative drug (as part of a 3-drug regimen) for the treatment of fully drug-susceptible tuberculosis in the absence of significant immune compromise.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Tuberculosis - Active
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS WITHOUT HIV INFECTION: Option 1: Initial regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM or orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol/streptomycin -Duration of therapy: 8 weeks Continuation regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM or orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) OR 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 2 to 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks Option 2: Initial regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM or orally once a day (maximum 300 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 2 weeks Followed by: 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 weeks Continuation regimen: 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 2 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin -Duration of therapy: 16 weeks Option 3: 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 3 times a week (maximum 900 mg/day) PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin/ethambutol -Duration of therapy: 6 months EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS: Daily dosing: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM or orally once a day -Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Intermittent dosing: 20 to 40 mg/kg IM or orally 2 to 3 times a week -Maximum dose: 900 mg/day Duration of therapy: -Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: 6 to 9 months -Bone/joint tuberculosis: 12 months -Miliary tuberculosis: 12 months Comments: -Doses given 2 or 3 times a week should be given via DOT. -Adjunctive treatment (e.g., surgery, corticosteroids) may be necessary in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. -IM formulations may be used when oral administration is not possible. Use: Treatment for all forms of susceptible tuberculosis American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Recommendations: Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Daily dosing: 10 to 15 mg/kg orally once a day -Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Intermittent dosing: 20 to 30 mg orally 2 times a week -Maximum dose: 900 mg/dose Duration of therapy: -Latent tuberculosis (drug-susceptible): 9 months -Pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (except meningitis): 2 months (3-drug regimen), then 4 months for drug-susceptible M tuberculosis OR 9 to 12 months for drug-susceptible Mycobacterium bovis -Meningitis: 2 months (4-drug regimen), followed by 7 to 10 months of this drug and rifampin (once a day or 2 times a week) Comments: -Daily treatment is preferred for latent tuberculosis; however, DOT may be used if daily treatment is not possible. -Patients who receive a 3-drug regimen (e.g., this drug, rifampin, and pyrazinamide) should have a low risk of drug resistance. -Patients with only hilar adenopathy and a low risk of drug resistance may receive treatment with this drug and rifampin for 6 months. -Patients with meningitis caused by M bovis should receive treatment with this drug, rifampin, and an aminoglycoside or ethionamide for 2 months, followed by at least 7 to 10 months of this drug and rifampin. Uses: -Treatment of latent Mycobacterial tuberculosis infection (e.g., positive tuberculin skin tests or interferon-gamma release assay result, no disease) -Treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary Mycobacterial tuberculosis infection (except meningitis) caused by M tuberculosis or M bovis -Treatment of meningitis caused by M tuberculosis or M bovis ATS, US CDC, and IDSA Recommendations: Less than 15 years OR up to 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 10 to 15 mg/kg IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 20 to 30 mg IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week 15 years and older AND/OR over 40 kg: -Daily regimen: 5 mg/kg (usually 300 mg/day) IM, IV, or orally once a day -Intermittent regimen: 15 mg/kg (up to 900 mg/dose) IM, IV, or orally 2 to 3 times a week Comment: Pyridoxine 25 to 50 mg/day should be considered in all patients at risk of developing neuropathy; patients with peripheral neuropathy may be given 100 mg/day. Use: Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis US HHS, NIH, HRSA, and US CDC Recommendations: Children: DRUG-SUSCEPTIBLE TUBERCULOSIS: Intensive Phase: 10 to 15 mg/kg orally once a day PLUS rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol Maximum dose: 300 mg/day Duration of therapy: 2 months Continuation Phase: 10 to 15 mg/kg (up to 300 mg/day) orally once a day PLUS rifampin OR 20 to 30 mg/kg IM or orally 3 times a week Duration of therapy: -Bone/joint disease or meningitis: Up to 10 months -Intrathoracic disease, lymph node tuberculosis: 7 months -Minimal disease and in the absence of significant immune compromise: 4 months Comment: The total duration of treatment is at least 12 months for minimal disease, and 18 to 24 months after non-bacteriological diagnosis or after culture conversion. Uses: -First-line drug for the treatment of active tuberculosis caused by M tuberculosis -Alternative drug (as part of a 3-drug regimen) for the treatment of fully drug-susceptible tuberculosis in the absence of significant immune compromise.
How long should I avoid caffeine after MAOI?
Caffeine use should be minimized or avoided during and for 1 to 2 weeks after discontinuation of any MAOI. Isoniazid 300mg, Oral tablet. Tyramine-containing foods. · Severity: Moderate. · Notes for Consumers: Food interactions with Isoniazid, INH may cause increased blood pressure or other effects.
What foods should I avoid when I have a syringe?
Try to limit the following foods in the diet: aged cheeses; soy sauce; fava bean or broad bean pods; smoked or pickled meats, poultry; or fish (lox, herring, smoked salmon); fermented sausages (bologna, pepperoni, salami, summer sausage); bananas; avocados; and any over-ripe fruit.
Does isoniazid cause restlessness?
Side effects from Isoniazid, INH may get worse if you take Caffeine, like increased blood pressure, confusion, restlessness, or other side effects. All preparations containing caffeine should be used sparingly such as tea, coffee, chocolate, cola, or 'stay awake' products. Some nonprescription medicines also contain caffeine ...
Can ethanol cause nausea?
If you develop fatigue, loss of appetite, unusual tiredness or weakness, or nausea/vomiting, contact your health care provider immediately. Also, some ethanol-based products also contain tyramine which can cause flushing, chills, or racing or pounding heartbeat if taken with Isoniazid, INH.
Can you drink alcohol while taking isoniazid?
Alcohol. · Severity: Major. · Notes for Consumers: Do not drink alcohol-containing beverages while taking Isoniazid, INH. Side effects from Isoniazid, INH can get worse. Alcohol may also decrease the actions of Isoniazid, INH by reducing the amount of INH in the body.
Does isoniazid have tyramine?
Isoniazid may possess enough MAO inhibiting activity to produce clinical symptoms when combined with the ingestion of tyramine-containing beverages. Some ethanol-based products also contain tyramine including some beers (including reduced-alcohol and ethanol-free beer); wines (red); sherry; hard liquor; or liqueurs.