What determines adherence to medication in type 2 diabetes?
In patients with type 2 diabetes, the number of doses required per day has also been shown to influence adherence. In a review of a pharmacy claims database, patients on once-daily regimens had higher adherence (61%) than those on twice-daily regimens (52%) [76].
What do black women know about type 2 diabetes?
Black women demonstrated a basic understanding of T2DM and its associated risk factors, including heredity, diet, exercise, and lifestyle; we define this as diabetes knowledge.
Why is diabetes more common in black people?
Factors contributing to higher incidence of diabetes for black Americans. At a Glance. A study found that biological risk factors—including weight and fat around the abdomen—are primarily responsible for higher rates of diabetes for black Americans compared with white Americans.
What are the barriers to treatment adherence among diabetic patients?
According to the results, the barriers to treatment adherence among diabetic patients were as follows: Lack of trust in medical explanatory/prescriptive knowledge, lived experiences of the disease, challenges of everyday life, and interactive/economic challenges (Table 2). Table 2 Categories and subcategories developed during the data analysis
What is a diabetes educator?
The role of the diabetes educator is to help patients improve diabetes self-care. Referring patients to a diabetes educator for diabetes education in a timely manner will enable the patient to acquire skills required for everyday management of their disease. 13 This can be achieved if the educator helps the patient be knowledgeable of the etiology of his or her disease, what the patient can do in order to maintain glycemic control, and how to reduce risk of developing short- and long-term complications. The diabetes educator is in a unique position to help patients understand aspects of disease management, including: blood glucose monitoring, interpreting the results, identifying patterns, carbohydrate counting, taking medications or use of insulin, importance of physical activity, and identifying/treating hypoglycemia. Part of the provider's responsibility is to help the patient identify a diabetes educator who understands and provides care in a culturally- competent manner and makes a referral to a comprehensive, recognized program. 6
What is diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease requiring lifelong management to prevent or delay complications that can have devastating consequences if poorly controlled. Diabetes mellitus can be defined as a group of diseases marked by high levels of blood glucose resulting from inadequte insulin production, insulin action, or both, and can lead to serious complications and even premature death. 1,3,4
How many people in the US have diabetes mellitus?
The number of individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus continues to increase in the United States. The latest numbers from the CDC report that 29.1 million (or 9.3%) of the U.S. population has diabetes mellitus. 3 About 21.0 million are diagnosed with the disease, while another 8.1 (or 27.8%) have diabetes mellitus but are yet to be diagnosed. 3 Approximately 4.9 million (or 18.7%) of Black patients over age 20 have diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, with 13.2% already diagnosed with the disease, second only to American Indians and Alaskan Natives. 1,3,4 Black patients tend to suffer more from poor glycemic control, and the prevalence of avoidable complications often related to poor glycemic control in this population is astounding and often devastating. Black patients are 50% more likely to develop diabetic retinopathy leading to blindness, are 2.6 to 5.6 times more likely to have kidney disease, and are 2.7 times more likely to suffer lower-limb amputations. 1
Is blood glucose monitoring important?
Monitoring blood glucose is an essential part of diabetes treatment. There is need for patients to understand the importance of controlling blood glucose and the impact it can have in preventing serious complications. The position statement on self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) by the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) reports that when patients understand the benefits of SMBG on A1c and are trained on interpretation of the results, they have fewer negative feelings toward monitoring. 14
Is diabetes self management evidence?
Diabetes self-management is graded as Level B evidence by the ADA indicating that there is supportive evidence to the benefits of DSME from well-conducted cohort studies and meta-analysis of cohort studies. 22
What are the factors that affect the adherence to a type 2 diabetes treatment?
They include age, information, perception and duration of disease, complexity of dosing regimen, polytherapy, psychological factors, safety, tolerability and cost. Various measures to increase patient satisfaction and increase adherence in type 2 diabetes have been investigated.
What are the factors associated with reduced adherence?
Factors associated with improved adherence. Polypharmacy, complexity of medication regimens and injectable medications. Reduced treatment complexity, fixed-dose combinations and decreased frequency of administration.
How many people died from diabetes in 2011?
Diabetes is currently among the top five causes of death in most high-income countries and resulted in 4.6 million deaths globally in 2011. The majority of cases of diabetes mellitus are type 2, and the greatest numbers of people with this disease are aged from 40 to 59 years [2].
Is diabetes mellitus a public health problem?
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing globally and has become a major public health problem. In the USA, a study of 17,306 people over 20 years of age showed that those diagnosed with diabetes increased significantly from 6.5% in the 1999–2002 period to 7.8% in 2003–2006 [1].
Can insulin be initiated alone?
Insulin. As diabetes progresses, insulin may be initiated alone or in addition to an OHA; patients may also be taking therapy for associated complications. In retrospective insulin studies, adherence was 62% and 64% for long-term and new-start insulin users, respectively [24].
What are the factors that affect diabetes?
These factors included a combination of body mass index, waist measurement, fasting glucose levels, lipids, blood pressure, and lung function. Differences between blacks and whites in neighborhood, psychosocial, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors were also linked with diabetes, although to a lesser degree.
What hormones help glucose?
Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps glucose get into your cells to be used for energy. In type 2 diabetes, your body doesn’t make enough insulin or doesn’t use insulin well. Too much glucose then stays in your blood, and not enough reaches your cells. Over time, too much glucose in your blood can cause health problems, ...
What is the greatest difference between black and white women?
The researchers used statistical analyses to determine how biological, neighborhood, psychosocial, socioeconomic, and behavioral risk factors contributed to rates of diabetes. They found that biological risk factors accounted for most of the health disparity.
Can diabetes cause heart disease?
Over time, too much glucose in your blood can cause health problems, such as heart disease, nerve damage, eye problems, and kidney disease. You can develop type 2 diabetes at any age. However, type 2 diabetes occurs most often in middle-aged and older people.
Why is the confidence subscale not used in this study?
The preparedness scale was not used in this study because this subscale assesses the readiness of patients to implement behavioural changes following an educational session; which was not applicable in the present study.
How many people died from diabetes in 2017?
Diabetes is one of the top 10 global causes of mortality. In 2015, it was responsible for 1.6 million deaths, indicating a 60% increase in 15 years from less than 1 million in 2000 [2].
Is diabetes a self-management skill?
However, to the best our knowledge, global perspectives on the crucial enablers of self-management in terms of skills and self-efficacy, among types 1 and 2 diabetes patients is relatively scarce.