Full Answer
What does acute phase mean in medical terms?
Acute phase means 12 weeks of treatment for pain following an injury by accident, occupational disease, surgery for an injury by accident or occupational disease, or subsequent aggravation of an injury by accident or occupational disease. There may be more than one acute phase during treatment for an injury or occupational disease.
What is the purpose of the acute phase reaction?
Tissue injury and trauma can also activate the acute-phase reaction (APR). The purpose of acute-phase proteins released during APR is to participate in blood coagulation, defense against infection, transport metabolites, nutrients and hormones, and maintenance of homeostasis.
What is the goal of acute phase treatment for major depression?
The goal of acute phase treatment is to induce remission. For patients with severe major depression, evidence supports either pharmacotherapy alone, or the combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. There is insufficient evidence that psychotherapy alone is effective for severe depression.
What is acute phase of bipolar treatment?
Acute Phase of Bipolar Treatment. Medications used in treating an acute manic episode and acute depression associated with bipolar disorder. The first-line drugs for treating a manic episode during the acute phase are lithium and valproate.
What is acute phase of treatment?
Acute Phase Treatment: Mild to Moderate. For patients with mild to moderate major depression, the initial treatment modalities may include pharmacotherapy alone, psychotherapy alone, or the combination of medical management and psychotherapy.
What happens acute phase?
The acute-phase response (APR) refers to a wide range of neuroendocrinal, physiological and metabolic changes that are initiated immediately after a tissue is afflicted with an infection or injury (e.g. trauma, burns, surgery, etc.)
Does acute mean positive?
Acute phase reactants can be classified as positive or negative, depending on their serum concentrations during inflammation. Positive acute phase reactants are upregulated, and their concentrations increase during inflammation.
What is acute phase illness?
Broadly speaking, acute conditions occur suddenly, have immediate or rapidly developing symptoms, and are limited in their duration (e.g., the flu). Chronic conditions, on the other hand, are long-lasting. They develop and potentially worsen over time (e.g., Crohn's disease).
How long is acute phase?
Care of Acute Athletic Injuries The care of acute (and recurring acute) injuries is often divided into 3 stages with general time frames: acute (0–4 days), subacute (5–14 days), and postacute (after 14 days).
How is acute inflammation treated?
For acute inflammation, rest, ice and good wound care often relieve the discomfort in a few days. If you have chronic inflammation, your healthcare provider may recommend: Supplements: Certain vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D) and supplements (zinc) may reduce inflammation and enhance repair.
Does acute mean serious?
extremely great or serious; crucial; critical: an acute shortage of oil.
Is acute serious?
Overview. Acute conditions are severe and sudden in onset. This could describe anything from a broken bone to an asthma attack. A chronic condition, by contrast is a long-developing syndrome, such as osteoporosis or asthma.
Is acute bad?
if a bad situation is acute, it causes severe problems or damage: The problem is particularly acute for small businesses.
What is acute Covid?
Fig. Acute COVID-19 usually lasts until 4 weeks from the onset of symptoms, beyond which replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 has not been isolated. Post-acute COVID-19 is defined as persistent symptoms and/or delayed or long-term complications beyond 4 weeks from the onset of symptoms.
What is an example of an acute illness?
An acute disease appears suddenly and lasts for a short amount of time. This is different from chronic diseases, which develop gradually and remain for months on end. Some examples include the influenza virus and the common cold.
What is the acute phase of a virus?
One of the arms of the host defensive response is the activation of the so called acute phase response (APR) that includes the production of inflammatory cytokines and a number of proteins such as c-reactive proteins (CRPs), serum amyloid proteins (SAA, SAP) and pentraxins (PTX).
What is the goal of acute phase treatment?
Although the goal of acute phase treatment is to return patients to their functional and symptomatic baseline , it is common for patients to have a substantial but incomplete response to acute phase treatment. Structured tools that measure depression severity and functional status may be used for follow up assessment (e.g., PHQ- 9, Beck Depression Inventory, etc.). It is important to not conclude treatment for these patients at this phase as it may be associated with poor functional outcomes. The degree of an “adequate response” to treatment of depression has been loosely defined: non-response is the decrease in baseline symptoms of 25% or less; partial response is a 26 – 49% decrease in baseline symptoms; partial remission is 50% or greater decrease in baseline symptoms with residual symptoms; and remission is the complete absence of symptoms). When patients have not fully responded at this phase, the most important first step is increasing the dose.
What is maintenance phase treatment?
Between 50 – 85% of patients with a single major depressive episode will have another episode. Maintenance phase treatment is designed to prevent recurrence. Issues to consider in using maintenance phase treatment are severity of episodes (e.g., suicidal ideation or attempts, psychotic symptoms, functional impairment); risk of recurrence (e.g., residual symptoms between episodes, number of recurrent episodes); comorbid conditions; side effects experienced with continuous treatment; or patient preference.
What is remission in psychology?
Remission is the return to the patient’s baseline level of symptom severity and functioning. Remission should not be confused with significant but incomplete improvement. Relapse is the re-emergence of significant depressive symptoms or dysfunction after remission has been achieved.
What is the treatment for mild depression?
For patients with mild to moderate major depression, the initial treatment modalities may include pharmacotherapy alone, psychotherapy alone, or the combination of medical management and psychotherapy. Antidepressant medications can be used as initial treatment modality by patients with mild or moderate depression.
How long does it take to get over a major depressive episode?
This six week period in the acute phase of treatment has apparently induced complete remission of symptoms. The evidence would recommend another 16 – 20 weeks of continuation phase treatment. The minimum total length of acute and continuation phase treatment for this patient would be about 6 months. (Source: Working Group on Major Depressive Disorders. Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder. American Psychiatric Association. 2000. Washington D.C.)
What is maintenance phase?
Maintenance Phase – Susceptible patients are protected against recurrence or relapse of subsequent major depressive episodes ( duration varies with frequency and severity of previous episodes).
How long does it take for a psychiatric patient to improve?
Overall, if after the initial 4 – 8 weeks there is not a moderate improvement in baseline symptoms in the acute phase, then a reassessment of the diagnosis, medication regimen and / or psychotherapy, adherence, substance or alcohol use is in order. Increasing the treatment dose is the first step to be considered. If 4 – 8 weeks after the increase of treatment dose there is not a moderate improvement in symptoms, another review should occur. Other treatment options should then be considered in consultation with a psychiatric specialist.
What is the acute phase response?
acute phase response a group of physiologic processes occurring soon after the onset of infection, trauma, inflammatory processes, and some malignant conditions. The most prominent change is a dramatic increase of acute phase proteins in the serum, especially C-reactive protein.
What is the response to the changes in synthesis of certain proteins within the serum during an inflammatory response?
to the changes in synthesis of certain proteins within the serum during an inflammatory response; this response provides rapid protection for the host against microorganisms through nonspecific defense mechanisms .
What is the acute phase reaction?
acute phase reaction. The release of physiologically active proteins by the liver into the blood in response to interleukin-6 or other cytokines that participate in the destruction of pathogens and promote healing during inflammation.
What happens during the acute phase of the immune system?
The acute phase response involves the production of plasma proteins as well as other metabolic, hematological, and neuroendocrine events.
How long after zoledronic acid infusion does it show symptoms?
Signs and symptoms of an acute phase reactionoccurred in some patients in the first 3 days after the zoledronic acid infusion. Zoledronic acid an option for osteoporotic men. In the trial, signs and symptoms of an acute phase reactionoccurred in some patients in the first 3 days following the zoledronic acid infusion.
What is the response to the changes in synthesis of certain proteins within the serum during an inflammatory response?
to the changes in synthesis of certain proteins within the serum during an inflammatory response; this response provides rapid protection for the host against microorganisms through nonspecific defense mechanisms .
What is the acute phase response?
The acute-phase response is the term given to the coordinated series of events that occur nonspecifically in response to infection, inflammation, or trauma. This response can be seen as the host's means of creating an inhospitable environment for the invading microbe. The cytokines that are produced during and participate in the inflammatory processes are the chief stimulators of the production of acute-phase proteins (see Chapter 11, Fever and the Inflammatory Response). The most important sources of acute-phase proteins are macrophages and monocytes. As with all inflammation-associated phenomena, the acute-phase response is not uniformly beneficial. Extreme cytokine-induced changes associated with the acute-phase response can be fatal, as in septic shock1–4 (see Chapter 12, The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), Sepsis, and Septic Shock). Expected metabolic changes in the acute-phase response and changes in soluble defense molecules, trace elements, and inflammatory cells of the acute-phase response are listed in Box 288-1. The magnitude, type, and duration of these acute-phase responses provide a guide to the intensity of inflammation or the extent of tissue involvement, although the predictive value of biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis is variable.
What are the main sources of acute phase proteins?
The most important sources of acute-phase proteins are macrophages and monocytes. As with all inflammation-associated phenomena, the acute-phase response is not uniformly beneficial. Extreme cytokine-induced changes associated with the acute-phase response can be fatal, as in septic shock 1–4 ...
What is the cascade of APR?
The cascade of APR is initiated and coordinated by a diverse spectrum of cells and inflammatory mediators.
What is APR in biology?
APR is a systemic nonspecific innate reaction to disturbances in homeostasis caused by infections or stresses (e.g., tissue injury, trauma, or surgery). From: International Review of Neurobiology, 2011. Download as PDF. About this page.
What are the physiological processes that occur soon after the onset of infection?
Various physiological processes occurring soon after the onset of infection, trauma, inflammatory processes, and some malignant conditions ; an increase or decrease in acute phase proteins in serum, fever, increased vascular permeability, and metabolic and pathologic changes are part of an acute phase response.
What happens during APR?
During APR, HPA axis and CAT are activated. This activation results in the suppression of T cell-dependent adaptive immune response, which is supported further by the suppression of the hormones essential for the maintenance of thymus and T lymphocytes (e.g., PRL, GH, IGF-I).
What is the process of separating a compound of interest from other compounds?
Laboratory technique that separates a compound of interest from other compounds by either passing a liquid or a gas in which the compound of interest is dissolved (mobile phase) through a stationary phase; this process separates the compound of interest from other compounds in the mixture based on differential partitioning between the mobile and stationary phases.
What is acute rehabilitation?
Acute rehabilitation is appropriate for patients who will benefit from an intensive, multidisciplinary rehabilitation program. Patients receive physical, occupational and speech therapy as needed and are medically managed by specially trained physicians.
What is sub acute care?
Sub acute level care is less intensive than acute rehabilitation. Although a combination of physical, occupational and speech therapy may be provided in the sub acute setting, the number of hours each patient receives is lower.
How many hours of therapy is a day?
Patients receive up to 3 hours of therapy a day, typically Monday through Friday, and one hour on Saturday or Sunday. Therapy is provided on both a one-to-one and group basis, depending on the needs of the individual patient.
Is Burke a sub acute facility?
The average length of stay at a sub acute facility is also generally longer than at an acute hospital. For patients who are not appropriate candidates for acute rehabilitation, Burke offers a network of affiliated sub acute facilities that offer Burke trained physical, occupational and speech therapists. These facilities are The New Jewish ...
How long does it take for inflammation to subside?
Products are typically combined with carrier oils or other base ingredients. If inflammation symptoms don’t subside within 48 hours, it is wise to check with a healthcare professional to see if further treatment is needed. If untreated, acute inflammation may develop into chronic inflammation.
What is the best treatment for inflammation?
Topical – Topical hemp treatments are a good way to get relief from acute inflammation without some of the side-effects that may be present in NSAIDs and narcotic pain relievers. Hemp topicals can be found in creams, massage oil, or serum form.
Is acetaminophen a long term NSAID?
o Acetaminophen. Recent findings regarding the unwanted side effects of long-term NSAID use have made this inflammation treatment option undesirable for many. In fact, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently reinforced its warning about the dangers of anti-inflammatory drugs.
Acute Phase Treatment: Severe Major Depression
Acute Phase Treatment: Mild to Moderate
- For patients with mild to moderate major depression, the initial treatment modalities may include pharmacotherapy alone, psychotherapy alone, or the combination of medical management and psychotherapy. Antidepressant medications can be used as initial treatment modality by patients with mild or moderate depression. Clinical features that may sugges...
Continuation Phase Treatment
- Patients who have been treated with antidepressant medications in the acute phase should be maintained with this regimen to prevent relapse. This “continuation phase” should last for 16 – 20 weeks after remission. “Psychiatric management” should continue in this phase. The American Psychiatric Association recommends the medication doses used in the acute phase be maintain…
Maintenance Phase Treatment
- Between 50 – 85% of patients with a single major depressive episode will have another episode. Maintenance phase treatment is designed to prevent recurrence. Issues to consider in using maintenance phase treatment are severity of episodes (e.g., suicidal ideation or attempts, psychotic symptoms, functional impairment); risk of recurrence (e.g., residual symptoms betwe…
Discontinuation of Active Treatment
- The factors to discontinue treatment are based on the same considerations in deciding on using maintenance phase therapy: frequency and severity of recurrent episodes, dysthymic symptoms between episodes, the presence of other psychiatric disorders, the presence of chronic general medical disorders, or patient preference. If maintenance pharmacotherapy is discontinued, it is r…