What is the treatment of disease by means of chemical substances?
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health burden and will become the third largest cause of death in the world by 2030. It is currently believed that an exaggerated inflammatory response to inhaled irritants, in particular cigarette smoke, cause progressive airflow limitation.
What chemicals are used in medicine?
Jul 20, 2020 · A chemical restraint is a drug, usually a sedative or antipsychotic, administered to control a patient's violent behavior that could harm medical staff or themselves. Chemical restraint refers to the administration of certain medications to restrain agitated patients from behavior that is harmful to themselves or others, including the medical staff attending to them.
What is drug addiction and how can it be treated?
Jan 17, 2019 · Drug addiction is a chronic disease characterized by compulsive, or uncontrollable, drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences and changes in the brain, which can be long-lasting. These changes in the brain can lead to the harmful behaviors seen in people who use drugs. Drug addiction is also a relapsing disease.
Is drug addiction a disease?
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the main chemicals used in medicine. THC also produces the "high" people feel when …
What is the name of the chemical substance that is used to treat disease?
A pharmaceutical drug, also called a medication or medicine, is a chemical substance used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a disease or to promote well-being.
What is therapeutic use of a drug?
Therapeutic: Relating to therapeutics, the branch of medicine that is concerned specifically with the treatment of disease. The therapeutic dose of a drug is the amount needed to treat a disease.
What is considered therapeutic treatment?
Therapeutic treatment is designed to treat an illness or to improve a person's health, rather than to prevent an illness. [medicine]
What are the types of therapeutic agents?
Therapeutic agents currently on the market can be positioned into either one of the four categories: chemically synthesized compounds, which are small molecules; botanically available molecules that are isolated from plants, fungi, and molds; biotherapeutic macromolecules, which could be either naturally occurring or ...
What is therapeutic disease?
By Robert Edwin Rakel • Edit History. therapeutics, treatment and care of a patient for the purpose of both preventing and combating disease or alleviating pain or injury. The term comes from the Greek therapeutikos, which means “inclined to serve.”
What is an example of a therapeutic drug?
Aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin) Antiepileptics (such as carbamazepine, phenytoin and valproic acid) Mood stabilisers, especially lithium citrate. Antipsychotics (such as pimozide and clozapine)
What is a therapeutic in medical terms?
Medical Definition of therapeutic 1 : of, relating to, or used in the treatment of disease or disorders by remedial agents or methods : curative, medicinal …
How enzymes are used as therapeutic agents?
The principal therapeutic applications of enzymes are as thrombolytic agents capable of rapidly lysing the clots which cause, or contribute to, myocardial infarction, phlebitis, pulmonary embolisms, occluded catheters, and allied conditions; as oral or parenteral replacement therapy for genetic diseases attributable to ...Dec 4, 2000
What is the most common medication therapeutic class?
Most frequently prescribed therapeutic classes:Analgesics.Antihyperlipidemic agents.Antidepressants.
What are the 7 major classes of therapeutic drugs?
DREs classify drugs in one of seven categories: central nervous system (CNS) depressants, CNS stimulants, hallucinogens, dissociative anesthetics, narcotic analgesics, inhalants, and cannabis.
What are the main classes of antipsychotic drugs used to control violence in patients with acute psychosis?
Typical or classic antipsychotics: Butyrophenones and phenothiazines are the main classes of antipsychotic drugs used to control violence in patients with acute psychosis. Atypical antipsychotics: Atypical antipsychotic drugs are relatively new type of chemical restraints and have a better side effect profile than benzodiazepines ...
What are the three main classes of drugs used as chemical restraints?
Three main classes of drugs are used as chemical restraint: Benzodiazepines: Benzodiazepines are sedative drugs effective in aggression reduction and quick sedation in an agitated patient. This drug class is useful for patients with: Alcohol intoxication or withdrawal symptoms.
Why is chemical restraint required?
Why and when is chemical restraint required? A chemical restraint is most often administered in the emergency department, when prompt action is required to avert violence, or manage dangerous and uncontrollable behavior in an agitated patient. A patient may be agitated due to a combination of several factors such as:
Why is my patient agitated?
A patient may be agitated due to a combination of several factors such as: A chemical restraint medication is used as a last resort when less invasive options fail. Examples of such less invasive options include verbal reasoning and/or involving trusted family members to calm the patient.
What is a chemical restraint?
A chemical restraint is an infringement on a patient’s personal freedom and dignity, and has legal implications. Before administering a chemical restraint, medical staff must carefully assess: If the patient is able to make rational decisions.
How to report a drug problem to the FDA?
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088. Medically Reviewed on 7/20/2020.
How to administer chemical restraint?
A chemical restraint may be administered in three ways: Oral medication: The first option is per oral (PO) administration, if the patient is amenable and willing to take the medication. Oral solutions are considered better than tablets as they. work faster and.
What is the chemical that makes you high?
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the main chemicals used in medicine. THC also produces the "high" people feel when they smoke marijuana or eat foods containing it.
What are the effects of cannabinoids on the body?
Limited research suggests cannabinoids might: Reduce anxiety. Reduce inflammation and relieve pain.
Why is marijuana considered a Schedule I drug?
One reason is that the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) considers marijuana a Schedule I drug, the same as heroin, LSD, and ecstasy, and likely to be abused and lacking in medical value. Because of that, researchers need a special license to study it, says Marcel Bonn-Miller, PhD, a substance abuse specialist at the University ...
How many states have legalized medical marijuana?
Medical marijuana is legal in 33 states and the District of Columbia: States allowing legal recreational use include: Alaska, California, Colorado, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington.
Why is research needed on marijuana?
"Research is critically needed, because we have to be able to advise patients and doctors on the safe and effective use of cannabis ," Bonn-Miller says.
How to reduce pain from cancer?
Control nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy. Kill cancer cells and slow tumor growth. Relax tight muscles in people with MS. Stimulate appetite and improve weight gain in people with cancer and AIDS.
How long does it take to get the effects of edibles?
"If you smoke or vaporize cannabis, you feel the effects very quickly," Bonn-Miller says. "If you eat it, it takes significantly longer. It can take 1 to 2 hours to experience the effects from edible products.".
How many hemodialysis treatments does Medicare cover?
Payment. Medicare and most other health plans cover three hemodialysis treatments a week. Medicare covers three hemodialysis treatments a week and may cover more for medical reasons; other health plans may cover all hemodialysis treatments.
How many needles do you put in your arm for hemodialysis?
At the start of a hemodialysis treatment, a dialysis nurse or technician places two needles into your arm. You may prefer to put in your own needles after you’re trained by your health care team. A numbing cream or spray can be used if placing the needles bothers you.
How to start hemodialysis?
One important step before starting hemodialysis treatment is having minor surgery to create a vascular access. Your vascular access will be your lifeline through which you’ll connect to the dialyzer. Dialysis moves blood through the filter at a high rate. Blood flow is very strong. The machine withdraws and returns almost a pint of blood to your body every minute. The access will be the place on your body where you insert needles to allow your blood to flow from and return to your body at a high rate during dialysis.
How strong is blood flow during dialysis?
Blood flow is very strong. The machine withdraws and returns almost a pint of blood to your body every minute. The access will be the place on your body where you insert needles to allow your blood to flow from and return to your body at a high rate during dialysis. Three types of vascular access exist.
How long does hemodialysis training take?
The clinic teaches about treatments, diet, liquids, medicines, lab tests, etc. You and a partner must attend 3 to 8 weeks of home hemodialysis training. Diet and liquids. Strict limits on liquids, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium intake. Fewer limits on liquids or diet, based on the amount of hemodialysis and lab tests.
How often can you get dialysis at home?
Home hemodialysis lets you have longer or more frequent dialysis, which comes closer to replacing the work healthy kidneys do—usually three to seven times per week, and with treatment sessions that last between 2 and 10 hours. Machines for home use are small enough to sit on an end table.
What is the best way to treat kidney problems?
Your nephrologist—a doctor who specializes in kidney problems—will prescribe a dialysis solution to meet your needs. The dialysis solution contains water and chemicals that are added to safely remove wastes, extra salt, and fluid from your blood. Your doctor can adjust the balance of chemicals in the solution if.
How to remember what your doctor says?
Make a list of all your medications, vitamins and supplements. Write down your key medical information, including other conditions. Write down key personal information, including any recent changes or stressors in your life. Ask a relative or friend to accompany you, to help you remember what the doctor says.
How to treat liver problems?
Some liver problems can be treated with lifestyle modifications, such as stopping alcohol use or losing weight, typically as part of a medical program that includes careful monitoring of liver function. Other liver problems may be treated with medications or may require surgery.
Can alternative medicine help with liver disease?
Alternative medicine. No alternative medicine therapies have been proved to treat liver disease. Some studies have indicated possible benefits, but further research is needed. On the other hand, some dietary and herbal supplements can harm your liver.
Why was bloodletting popular in the Middle Ages?
Bloodletting was particularly popular in the Middle Ages, when doctors would use it not just to treat illness but also to prevent it. In the book, Medieval Bodies: Life, Death and Art in the Middle Ages, Dr. Jack Hartnell — who is a lecturer in art history at the University of East Anglia in Norwich, United Kingdom — describes some of the uses ...
What is the purpose of bloodletting in the temple?
According to Galen, a bloodletting incision into the veins behind the ears could treat vertigo and headaches, and letting blood flow out through an incision in the temporal arteries — the veins found on the temples — could treat eye conditions. The principle behind bloodletting is to remove some blood in a controlled way ...
How old is phlebotomy?
Some sources suggest that the original practice of bloodletting is more than 3,000 years old and that the Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans — as well as many other ancient peoples — all used it for medical treatment.
What is bloodletting used for?
In 18th-century Europe, surgeons continued to use bloodletting as a treatment for fever, hypertension (high blood pressure ), inflammation of the lungs, and pulmonary edema ( excess fluid in the lungs). Some physicians had even wider uses for this allegedly therapeutic method. For example, John Hunter — one of the forefathers ...
What is bloodletting in medical history?
Written by Maria Cohut, Ph.D. on November 16, 2020. Bloodletting — the practice of withdrawing blood from a person’s veins for therapeutic reasons — was common for thousands of years. In this Curiosities of Medical History feature, we look at the history of bloodletting and how it eventually fell out of favor with the medical community.
What instruments did doctors use for bloodletting?
They included: fleams, which looked somewhat like Swiss knives, producing several kinds of blades.
What are the four humors?
According to the most influential version of this theory, these humors were: black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood. In the second century before ...