How do we evaluate the efficacy of treatments?
Methods for evaluating efficacy often begin with health care professionals' judgments and then progress through more highly systematized research strategies. For some treatments, the most accessible source of information on treatment efficacy may be the judgment of health care professionals and patients who have experience with the treatments.
How can we assess the implementation of standardized therapy?
Treatment researchers have become aware of the need to not only facilitate the provision of standardized treatment through the use of therapist training, supervision, and treatment manuals (e.g., K.M. Carroll 1997) but also to assess the implementation of the complex, multifaceted treatments they are studying.
What is the criteria for evaluating treatment guidelines?
The Criteria for Evaluating Treatment Guidelines should be regarded as guidelines, which means that it is essentially aspirational in intent. It is intended to facilitate and assist the evaluation of treatment guidelines but is not intended to be mandatory, exhaustive, or definitive and may not be applicable to every situation.
What are the different types of evaluations in psychology?
These evaluations can be about how someone feels or thinks, or if they do different things. Physical:This evaluation is used to see if you have any physical problems that can cause mental health issues. Mental Health:This evaluation helps the doctors and nurses who work with people with mental health problems. They can customize it to their needs.
What is evaluation of treatment?
After a treatment plan has been in effect for a suitable period, treatment evaluation is undertaken to determine whether the goals of consultation have been attained, whether the plan implemented has been effective, and whether the treatment has been acceptable to consul tee and client.
What are the three major approaches to treatments?
With the agreement of these partners, the scope of the expert assessment covered three major psychotherapeutic approaches—the psychodynamic (psychoanalytical) approach, the cognitive-behavioural approach, and family and couple therapy—often used to care for defined disorders of adults, adolescents, or children.
What are evidence based treatment modalities?
Evidence-Based Modalities Lead to Long-Term Recovery Evidence-based practices go through rigorous testing and professional examination. Based on sound scientific research and implemented practice, evidence-based modalities offer a greater chance of long-term recovery and healthy outcomes.
How do you evaluate progress in therapy?
6 Progress-in-Therapy IndicatorsYour moods and emotions have improved. Depending on the reasons for entering therapy, check if any of your symptoms have improved. ... Your thinking has shifted. ... Your behaviors have changed. ... Your relationships with others are better. ... You have better life satisfaction. ... Your diagnosis changes.
What are the 5 therapy methods?
Approaches to psychotherapy fall into five broad categories:Psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapies. ... Behavior therapy. ... Cognitive therapy. ... Humanistic therapy. ... Integrative or holistic therapy.
How many psychotherapies are there?
At least 500 different types of psychotherapy exist, according to one estimate by University of Scranton psychologist John Norcross. Given that researchers cannot investigate all of them, they have generally concentrated on the most frequently used approaches.
What are examples of evidence-based interventions?
Evidence-Based Practice InterventionsBehavior Therapy. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ... Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Anxiety. ... Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Anxiety, Depression, and Trauma/PTSD. ... Exposure Therapy. ... Family Therapy. ... Group Interventions. ... Holistic Approaches. ... Parent Training.More items...
Is EMDR evidence-based?
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This means that it has been studied by many researchers and found to be effective in treating PTSD.
How many evidence based practices are there?
27 evidence-based practicesWhat is ABA? A number of the 27 evidence-based practices draw directly from the science of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). ABA, a robust empirical approach to the study of human behavior, has often been misinterpreted. At its heart, the science of behavior analysis is used to enhance an individual's quality of life.
What is the outcome rating scale?
What is the Outcome Rating Scale? Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) - measures the client's perspective of change or improvement (or lack thereof) in relation to where they started.
What is the Session Rating Scale?
The Session Rating Scale (SRS) is a simple, four-item visual analogue scale designed to assess key dimensions of effective therapeutic relationships.
What is the best way to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy?
Most research assessing the effectiveness of psychotherapy has examined very specific is- sues. Which technique is more effective and how effectiveness is moderated by differences among patients, therapists, and settings are the typical foci of psychotherapy outcome research (see 207,287).
Advice on research activities
Research coded within this code group should involve patients in the testing and evaluation of therapies or be in a clinical or applied setting.
6.1 Pharmaceuticals
Clinical application and evaluation of pharmaceutical small molecules, therapeutic vaccines, antibodies and hormones in humans including:
6.2 Cellular and gene therapies
Clinical application and evaluation of cellular, tissue and gene therapies in humans including:
6.3 Medical devices
Application and evaluation of medical devices in humans in a clinical, community or applied setting including:
6.4 Surgery
Clinical and applied application and evaluation of surgical, obstetric and dental interventions in humans including:
6.5 Radiotherapy and other non-invasive therapies
Clinical application and evaluation of interventions in humans including:
Abstract
After a treatment plan has been in effect for a suitable period, treatment evaluation is undertaken to determine whether the goals of consultation have been attained, whether the plan implemented has been effective, and whether the treatment has been acceptable to consultee and client.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
What is a treatment with proven effectiveness in one type of setting?
A treatment with proven effectiveness in one type of setting (e.g., the home, the school, day treatment, the clinic, the office, or the institution) may vary in effectiveness when it is offered in other settings. Good guidelines specify the settings in which the treatment has been documented to be effective.
What is treatment guidelines?
That is, treatment guidelines are patient directed or patient focused as opposed to practitioner focused, and they tend to be condition or treatment specific (e.g., pediatric immunizations, mammography, depression).
Why are guideline panels recommended?
It is recommended that guideline panels make detailed recommendations to facilitate independent evaluation of the reliability of the guidelines they produce. Ascertaining whether the guidelines are interpreted and applied consistently by health care professionals comprises one assessment of reliability.
What is a criterion 7.2?
Criterion 7.2 It is recommended that guidelines take into account the effects on treatment outcome of interactions between the patient's and the health care professional's characteristics , including but not limited to language, ethnicity, background, sex, and gender.
What is the purpose of failure to disclose scientific justification for a guideline?
Moreover, failure to disclose the scientific justification for a guideline violates a basic principle of science, which requires open scrutiny and debate. Without the disclosure of adequate scientific information, guidelines are mere expressions of opinion.
Why are guidelines important for treatment?
Good guidelines allow for flexibility in treatment selection so as to maximize the range of choices among effective treatment alternatives.
Why are guidelines promulgated?
Guidelines are promulgated to encourage high quality care. Ideally, they are not promulgated as a means of establishing the identity of a particular professional group or specialty, nor are they used to exclude certain persons from practicing in a particular area.
Which type of programs had more treatment staff?
Public programs and nonprofit programs generally had more treatment staff; Federal and for–profit programs had more psychologists and physicians. In 1992, the NDATUS evolved into the Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS), sponsored by the Office of Applied Studies.
What are the five treatment approaches?
2001#N#Description: This multidimensional instrument assesses five treatment approaches: psychodynamic or interpersonal, cognitive–behavioral, family systems or dynamics, 12–step, and case management. For each of the first four modalities, items assess beliefs underlying the approach, practices appropriate in individual therapy, and practices appropriate in group therapy. Case management is an individual approach, so no group practices items were included. In addition, items were developed to tap general “group techniques” (e.g., “encouraging peer social support”) and “practical counseling” (e.g.,“developing rapport and trust”). The instrument consists of 48 items that assess 14 subscales. Construct validity was supported by the results of a confirmatory factor analysis in which subscale items loaded on the factor they were intended to assess, but not on other factors. Corresponding belief and practice subscales correlated highly, except for case management. Cronbach alphas for all subscales except psychodynamic and family systems beliefs were above 0.50 and most were over 0.70 (Kasarabada et al. 2001, p. 287). The fact that some of the subscales consist of only three items contributed to low internal consistency estimates.
How is quality of alcohol treatment determined?
The quality of alcohol treatment is determined, not only by the therapeutic techniques applied, but also by the characteristics of individual treatment providers (panel III in figure 1). In particular, this domain of variables refers to within–program variation in provider characteristics (aggregate, program–level staff characteristics are considered in panel II). Gerstein (1991) argued that “the competence, quality, and continuity of individual caregivers are likely to be critical elements in explaining the differential effectiveness of [substance abuse] treatment programs” (p. 139). In the alcohol treatment field, the few studies that have been conducted (e.g., W.R. Miller et al. 1980; Valle 1981; McLellan et al. 1988; Sanchez–Craig et al. 1991; Project MATCH Research Group 1998; for reviews, see Najavits and Weiss 1994; Najavits et al. 2000) indicate that therapist characteristics play an important role in determining clients’ treatment retention and outcomes.
What is the SEEQ?
Measure: Survey of Essential Elements Questionnaire (SEEQ)#N#Citations: Melnick and De Leon 1999; Melnick et al. 2000#N#Description: The SEEQ, which takes 20–30 minutes to complete, consists of 139 items that tap 27 domains related to therapeutic community (TC) treatment. The domains fall into one of six general dimensions: TC perspective on addiction and recovery (e.g., “Right living, including self–reliance and positive social and work–related attitudes is crucial to recovery from substance abuse”); agency treatment approach and structure (e.g., “The treatment approach centers on members’ participation in the community”); community as therapeutic agent (e.g., “Status and privileges are related to progress in the program”); educational and work activities (e.g., “Work is used as part of the therapeutic program [i.e., to build self–esteem and social responsibility]”); formal therapeutic elements (e.g., “The members are reinforced for acting in a positive manner while negative behavior is met with confrontation”); and process (e.g., “The major goal of the primary treatment stage is the development of a set of values consistent with those of the community”). Respondents rate the items on 5–point Likert–type scales, from “extremely important” to “very little importance.” Based on data from directors of 59 of the 69 member programs in the Therapeutic Communities of America organization, internal consistency reliability estimates (coefficient alphas) for the six general dimensions ranged from 0.76 (TC perspective) to 0.94 (community as therapeutic agent) (Melnick and De Leon 1999). Alphas for the 27 domains generally were acceptable, with the exception of 8 domains that had coefficients below 0.70. A cluster analysis based on the 6 SEEQ dimensions classified 45 programs as either traditional TCs ( n = 37) or modified TCs ( n = 8) (Melnick and De Leon 1999; see also Melnick et al. 2000). Melnick et al. (2000) noted that although the SEEQ assesses important aspects of TC treatment, it does not assess the quality of those components.
What is the National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey?
Measure: National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey (NDATUS)#N#Citation: Office of Applied Studies 1991#N#Description: The NDATUS is a brief questionnaire (five pages) that covers (a) the overall organization and structure of programs (ownership, funding sources and levels, organizational setting, capacity in different treatment settings using different treatment modalities, hours of operation, etc.), (b) staffing and staff characteristics, (c) services (e.g., methadone dosages), (d) policies, and (e) clients and client characteristics. The 1989 NDATUS was augmented in 1990 by the Drug Services Research Survey (DSRS) (Office of Applied Studies 1992 a, 1992 b) to obtain additional data in the areas of facility organization and staff, client data, services, and costs and charges. Using data from the 1991 NDATUS, Rodgers and Barnett (2000) found that private, for–profit substance abuse treatment programs tended to be smaller and more likely to provide treatment in only one setting. Public programs and nonprofit programs generally had more treatment staff; Federal and for–profit programs had more psychologists and physicians. In 1992, the NDATUS evolved into the Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS), sponsored by the Office of Applied Studies.
What are program level characteristics?
Program–level characteristics (panel II in figure 1) are general factors related to the program’s organization and structure, policies, services, treatment orientation, social environment, and readiness for organizational change.
Why do treatment providers need instruments?
On the clinical side, treatment providers need instruments with which to assess the quality of treatment provision, as well as the progress of their clients during treatment. Their motivation is the same as that among researchers: Such instruments are seen as essential elements in the effort to improve clinical care.
What is neuropsychological evaluation?
Neuropsychological Evaluation: A test battery designed to measure a child’s cognitive skills and brain functioning in areas such as intelligence, attention, memory, learning, and visual perceptual. Tests typically given include an intelligence measure, such as the WISC-V; achievement/academic tests, such as the WIAT-III or Woodcock-Johnson ...
What does evaluation mean?
The term “evaluation” can mean different things to different people. Terminology used for different types of evaluations can vary, and the names of specific tests are very diverse. Sometimes, it’s a question of semantics—certain test batteries are called one thing in one area of the country, and something else in another.
What are the tests that are used to determine child behavior?
Tests often include the Rorschach, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), drawings, sentence-completion tests, self-reported measures such as the Children’s Depression Inventory, and parent-completed measures such as the Child Behavior Checklist or Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC2).
