What are the major products obtained upon treatment of tert-butyl methyl ether with excess HBr?a. tert-butyl alcohol and methanolb. tert-butyl bromide and methanolc. tert-butyl alcohol and A Texas chemical company had to file for bankruptcy because of a nationwide phase-out of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE).
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What is tert-butyl ether?
Feb 12, 2021 · Question 1 What are the major products obtained upon treatment of tert-butyl methyl ether with excess HBr? tert-butyl alcohol and methanol tert-butyl bromide and methanol tert-butyl bromide and bromomethane tert-butyl alcohol and bromomethane.
What are the dangers of tert-butyl ether?
37. What are the major products obtained upon treatment of tert-butyl methyl ether with excess HI? A) tert-Butyl alcohol and iodomethane B) tert-Butyl iodide and iodomethane C) tert-Butyl alcohol and methanol D) tert-Butyl iodide and methanol of. Question: 37. What are the major products obtained upon treatment of tert-butyl methyl ether with ...
What is the half life of MTBE?
Methyl tert-butyl ether 1634-04-4 Hazard Summary Methyl tert-butyl ether is used as a gasoline additive. Exposure may occur by breathing air contaminated with auto exhaust or gasoline fumes while refueling autos. Respiratory irritation, dizziness, and disorientation have been reported by some motorists and occupationally exposed workers.
Where can I find ethers epoxides and sulfides flashcards?
What are the major products obtained upon treatment of tert-butyl methyl ether with excess HI? Click card to see definition 👆. Tap card to see definition 👆. tert-Butyl iodide and iodomethane.
What are the products of the reaction of tert-butyl methyl ether with concentrated HBr pick two?
Tertbutyl methyl ether React with HBr to form tert. butyl (CH3)3C - Br and CH3 - OH methanol.
What are the products formed when methyl ether with excess hi?
tert-Butyl methyl ether on heating with HI gives a mixture of tert-butyl iodide and methanol because this reaction occurs by SN1 mechanism hence the product is controlled by the formation of more stable intermediate tertiary carbocation from the protonated ether.
How do you prepare tertiary butyl methyl ether?
It is known that tert-alkyl ethers can be prepared by reacting a primary alcohol with an olefine having a double bond on a tertiary carbon atom; thus methanol reacts with isobutylene and isoamylenes (2 methyl pentene 1 or 2 methyl pentene 2) to form respectively methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and methyl tert-amyl ether ...
Which is the best reaction for preparation of t butyl methyl ether?
Tert-butyl methyl ether is a mixed ether and for the preparation of mixed ethers in high yield the essential condition is the use of primary alkyl haf ide. Thus This reaction is Williamson's synthesis.
What are the products when tert butyl ethyl ether is cleaved with concentrated HI?
4. What are the products when tert-butyl ethyl ether is cleaved with concentrated HI? Explanation: Ether + HX → Alkyl halide + Alcohol, Halide attacks at less hindered site to produce alkyl halide.
What are the products of the reaction between t butyl ethyl ether and concentrated HI hydroiodic acid?
Thus, the reaction of t‐butyl ethyl ether with HI gives t‐butyl iodide and ethyl alcohol.
What is methyl tert-butyl ether used for?
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is a flammable liquid that has been used as an additive for unleaded gasoline since the 1980s. MTBE increases octane and oxygen levels in gasoline and reduces pollution emissions.
How will you prepare tert-butyl ethyl ether with Williamson synthesis the reactants needed are?
To prepare tert-butyl ethyl ether by Williamson's synthesis, the reactions needed areA. Sodium ethoxide and sodium tert-butyl chloride.B. Sodium ethoxide and tert-butyl bromide.C. Sodium tert-butoxide and ethyl bromide.Ethyl alcohol and tert-butyl alcohol and conc. H2SO4.Answer. C.NA.Mar 12, 2022
How will you prepare tert-butyl methyl ether from sodium tert butoxide and methyl bromide?
The formation of methyl t-butyl ether by the reaction of sodium tertiary butoxide and methyl bromide involves nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction of alkyl halides in which halogen is replaced by alkoxy group.Mar 12, 2022
Which one of the following is obtained as a product when t-butyl?
The reaction of t-butyl bromide with sodium methoxide produces isobutylene.
Which is the best reaction for preparation of t-butyl ethyl ether CH?
To prepare t-Butyl ethyl ether, the alkyl halide should be 1° i.e., chloroethane and the nucleophile should be sodium t-butoxide because the 3° nucleophile is able to attack 1° alkyl halide.Nov 8, 2018
Which of the following reagents should be used to prepare tert butyl ethyl ether?
tert-butyl alcohol and ethyl bromide. It is the correct answer.Mar 12, 2022
What does 50 mean?
50 (Lethal Concentration50)--A calculated concentration of a chemical in air to which exposure for a specificlength of time is expected to cause death in 50% of a defined experimental animal population.
What is ACGIH TLV?
ACGIH TLV --American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists' threshold limit value expressed as atime-weighted average; the concentration of a substance to which most workers can be exposed without adverseeffects.
What is methyl tert-butyl ether used for?
Methyl tert-butyl ether is used as a gasoline additive. Exposure may occur by breathing air contaminatedwith auto exhaust or gasoline fumes while refueling autos. Respiratory irritation, dizziness, anddisorientation have been reported by some motorists and occupationally exposed workers. Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to methyl tert-butyl ether also has occurred during its use as a medicaltreatment to dissolve cholesterol gallstones. Chronic (long-term) inhalation exposure to methyl tert-butylether has resulted in central nervous system (CNS) effects, respiratory irritation, liver and kidney effects,and decreased body weight gain in animals. Developmental effects have been reported in rats and miceexposed via inhalation. EPA has not classified methyltert-butyl ether with respect to potentialcarcinogenicity.
What is HS SPME?
A HS-SPME method coupled with GC-MS analysis has been developed for simultaneously measuring the concentration of 10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ( benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m-, and p-xylene, methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, 2-methyl-2-butyl methyl ether, and diisopropyl ether) in urine matrix as a biomonitoring tool for populations at low levels of exposure to such VOCs . These compounds, potentially toxic for human health, are common contaminants of both outdoor and indoor air, as they are released by autovehicular traffic; some of them are also present in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Thus, the exposure to these pollutants cannot be neglected and should be assessed. The low limits of detection and quantification (LODs and LOQs <6.5 and 7.5 ng L (-1), respectively) and the high reproducibility (CVs <4 %) make the developed method suited for biomonitoring populations exposed at low levels such as children. Further, the method is cost-effective and low in time-consumption; therefore, it is useful for investigating large populations. It has been applied to children exposed to traffic pollution and/or ETS; the relevant results are reported, and the relevant implications are discussed.
What is methyl tert-butyl ether used for?
Nearly all methyl tert-butyl ether produced in the United States is used as an additive in unleaded gasoline to increase octane levels and reduce carbon monoxide emissions. It was used in the past to produce isobutene.
What is MTBE biotransformation?
The biotransformation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether ( ETBE ), and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) was studied in humans and in rats after inhalation of 4 and 40 ppm of MTBE, ETBE, and TAME, respectively, for 4 hours, and the biotransformation of MTBE and TAME was studied after ingestion exposure in humans to 5 and 15 mg in water. tert-Butyl alcohol (TBA), a TBA conjugate, 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol, and 2-hydroxyisobutyrate were found to be metabolites of MTBE and ETBE. tert-Amyl alcohol (TAA), free and glucuronidated 2-methyl-2,3-butanediol (a glucuronide of TAA), 2-hydroxy-2-methyl butyrate, and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl butyrate were found to be metabolites of TAME. After inhalation, MTBE, ETBE, and TAME were rapidly taken up by both rats and humans; after termination of exposure, clearance from blood of the ethers by exhalation and biotransformation to urinary metabolites occurred with half-times of less than 7 hours in rats and humans. Biotransformation of MTBE and ETBE was similar in humans and rats after inhalation exposure. 2-Hydroxyisobutyrate was recovered as a major product in urine. All metabolites of MTBE and ETBE excreted with urine were eliminated with half-times of less than 20 hours. Biotransformation of TAME was qualitatively similar in rats and humans, but the metabolic pathways were different. In humans, 2-methyl-2,3-butanediol, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl butyrate, and 3-hydroxy-3methyl butyrate were recovered as major urinary products. In rats, however, 2-methyl-2,3-butanediol and its glucuronide were major TAME metabolites recovered in urine. After ingestion of MTBE and TAME, both compounds were rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Hepatic first-pass metabolism of these ethers was not observed, and a significant part of the administered dose was transferred into blood and cleared by exhalation. Metabolic pathways for MTBE and TAME and kinetics of excretion were identical after ingestion and inhalation exposures. ...
What substances increase the risk of neoplasms in humans or animals?
Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included. (See all compounds classified as Carcinogens .)
What are the substances that could harm humans?
Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS. (See all compounds classified as Air Pollutants .)
How is methyl t-butyl ether released?
Methyl t-butyl ether's production and use as gasoline additive, chemical intermediate, and chromatographic eluent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 250 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates methyl t-butyl ether will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase methyl t-butyl ether will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days. Aliphatic ethers, such as methyl t-butyl ether, do not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm, and, therefore, the compound is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, methyl t-butyl ether is expected to have very high mobility based upon a Koc range of 11-12. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.87X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil or water. No degradation of methyl t-butyl ether occurred after 40 days using a top soil and activated sludge inoculum. If released into water, methyl t-butyl ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. No degradation of methyl t-butyl ether occurred after 60 days using an inoculum of sandy aquifer material, suggesting that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 4 days, respectively. A BCF of 1.5 suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to methyl t-butyl ether may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where methyl t-butyl ether is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to methyl t-butyl ether via inhalation of ambient air especially during refueling operations, ingestion of contaminated ground water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing methyl t-butyl ether. (SRC)
What is the boiling point of methyl tert-butyl ether?
Methyl tert-butyl ether appears as a colorless liquid with a distinctive anesthetic-like odor. Vapors are heavier than air and narcotic. Boiling point 131°F. Flash point 18°F. Less dense than water and miscible in water. Used as a octane booster in gasoline.