What is the best approach to improve attention and inhibition?
258260261262Based on a meta-analysis, Westwood et al 263suggested that left and/or right prefrontal stimulation may improve performance in attention, inhibition and/or working memory tasks. However, these approaches are not yet recommended by therapy guidelines.
Which TRS groups have the highest proportion of sustained attention deficits?
Regarding the proportion of sustained attention deficits, it was the highest in the TRS with CR group (81.5%), followed by the TRS without CR group (56.3%), and then the non-TRS group (37.3%).
What is language-specific attention treatment for aphasia?
We describe language-specific attention treatment, a specific skill-based approach for aphasia that exploits increasingly complex linguistic tasks that focus attention. The program consists of eight tasks, some with multiple phases, to assess and treat lexical and sentence processing.
Is a method of measuring sustained attention?
The most widely used test for assaying attention in clinical trials is the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), an umbrella term for a variety of tasks where the common denominator is that they all require a subject to respond to certain target stimuli, but withhold from responding to specified non-target stimuli (eg, ...
How can I improve sustained attention?
8 Quick Ways To Improve Your Attention SpanMeditate. Meditation is one of the best ways to improve your focus, as it is the mental training of your attention. ... Exercise. ... Stay Hydrated. ... Ask Questions. ... Listen To Music. ... Drink Tea. ... Take Notes By Hand. ... Chew gum.
What are the three types of attention management?
Selective Attention: The ability to attend to a specific stimulus or activity in the presence of other distracting stimuli. Alternating Attention: The ability to change focus attention between two or more stimuli. Divided Attention: The ability to attend different stimuli or attention at the same time.
What is an example of sustained attention?
Examples of sustained attention may include listening to lecture, reading a book, playing a video, or fixing a car. It can be challenging to maintain this type of attention for a significant amount of time without becoming distracted. Therefore, your level of sustained attention will often vary.
How do you improve sustained attention in children?
End of newsletter promotion.Have "Attention Breaks" Teach the child or children what "paying attention" means and how it looks. ... Adjust Time Frames. ... Remove Visual Distractions. ... Play Memory Games. ... Rate (and Change) Tasks. ... Break Tasks into Pieces.
How can we sustain students attention in class?
10 Ways to Secure Your Students' AttentionBe clear. At the outset of class—or better yet, the school year—clearly communicate your expectations. ... Be patient. ... Pump up the volume. ... Play a game. ... Strike a chord. ... Fly like a butterfly, sit quietly like a bee. ... Narrate your count down. ... Use clever attention-grabbers.More items...•
What are the 4 types of attention?
Attention Management - Types of AttentionFocused Attention. Focused attention means “paying attention”. ... Sustained Attention. Sustained Attention means concentrating on a certain time-consuming task. ... Selective Attention. ... Alternating Attention. ... Attentional Blink.
What is sustained attention psychology?
Sustained attention is a process that enables the maintenance of response persistence and continuous effort over extended periods of time. Performing attention-related tasks in real life involves the need to ignore a variety of distractions and inhibit attention shifts to irrelevant activities.
What are the different models of attention?
There are three models that are associated to selective attention. These are the models of attention by Broadbent, Treisman, and Deutsch and Deutsch. They are also referred to as bottleneck models of attention because they explain how we cannot attend to all sensory input at one time in the conscious level.
What are the factors influencing sustained attention?
Answer: Both factors affect sustained attention. Among the intrinsic capacity limitations, two of the most significant factors are processing speed and memory. Processing speed is an important determinant of capacity because it influences the amount of information that can be processed per unit of time.
What is sustained attention also known as?
Sustained Attention This form of attention, also known as concentration, is the ability to focus on one thing for a continuous period. During this time, people keep their focus on the task at hand and continue to engage in a behavior until the task is complete or a certain period of time has elapsed.
What are the factors influencing sustained attention Class 11?
Factors Affecting Sustained AttentionSensory Modality: Performance is found to be superior when the stimuli are auditory than when they are visual.Clarity of Stimuli: Intense and long-lasting stimuli facilitate sustained attention and thus, leading to better performance.More items...•
Abstract
Persistent neuropsychological impairments have been reported in the euthymic phase of bipolar affective disorder. However, the findings have been confounded by multiple episodes, chronic illness and residual mood symptoms.
METHOD
The study was conducted in compliance with the guidelines of the ethics committee of the institute, and all participants gave written informed consent.
RESULTS
The two study groups were comparable on most demographic variables ( Table 1 ). Neuropsychological performance in the two groups is shown in Table 2 . The results suggest that the participants with bipolar disorder had impaired sustained attention and executive functioning.
DISCUSSION
Our study has demonstrated significant impairment in sustained attention and executive functions in young, euthymic people with bipolar disorder compared with well-matched healthy controls, even after controlling for the effects of residual depressive symptoms.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Dr B. M. Suresh and Dr T. Jagadisha of the Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, for their assistance in the recruitment of patients and helpful suggestions for the manuscript respectively.
What is ADHD in psychiatry?
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most frequent disorders within child and adolescent psychiatry, with a prevalence of over 5%. Nosological systems, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases, editions 10 and 11 (ICD-10/11) continue to define ADHD according to behavioral criteria, based on observation and on informant reports. Despite an overwhelming body of research on ADHD over the last 10 to 20 years, valid neurobiological markers or other objective criteria that may lead to unequivocal diagnostic classification are still lacking. On the contrary, the concept of ADHD seems to have become broader and more heterogeneous. Thus, the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD are still challenging for clinicians, necessitating increased reliance on their expertise and experience. The first part of this review presents an overview of the current definitions of the disorder (DSM-5, ICD-10/11). Furthermore, it discusses more controversial aspects of the construct of ADHD, including the dimensional versus categorical approach, alternative ADHD constructs, and aspects pertaining to epidemiology and prevalence. The second part focuses on comorbidities, on the difficulty of distinguishing between “primary” and “secondary” ADHD for purposes of differential diagnosis, and on clinical diagnostic procedures. In the third and most prominent part, an overview of current neurobiological concepts of ADHD is given, including neuropsychological and neurophysiological researches and summaries of current neuroimaging and genetic studies. Finally, treatment options are reviewed, including a discussion of multimodal, pharmacological, and nonpharmacological interventions and their evidence base.
What kind of doctor is needed for ADHD?
There is consensus that the diagnosis of ADHD requires a specialist, that is, a child psychiatrist, a pediatrician, or other appropriately qualified health care professionals with training and expertise in diagnosing ADHD. 97
What is the prevalence of ADHD?
With a prevalence of over 5% , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent disorders within child and adolescent psychiatry. Despite an overwhelming body of research, approximately 20,000 publications have been referenced in PubMed during the past 10 years, assessment and treatment continue to present a challenge for clinicians. ADHD is characterized by the heterogeneity of presentations, which may take opposite forms, by frequent and variable comorbidities and an overlap with other disorders, and by the context-dependency of symptoms, which may or may not become apparent during clinical examination. While the neurobiological and genetic underpinnings of the disorder are beyond dispute, biomarkers or other objective criteria, which could lead to an automatic algorithm for the reliable identification of ADHD in an individual within clinical practice, are still lacking. In contrast to what one might expect after years of intense research, ADHD criteria defined by nosological systems, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases, editions 10 and 11 (ICD-10/11) have not become narrower and more specific. Rather, they have become broader, for example, encompassing wider age ranges, thus placing more emphasis on the specialist's expertise and experience. 123
Is emotional dysregulation a symptom of ADHD?
Emotion dysregulation is another associated feature that has been discussed as a possible core component of childhood ADHD, although it is not included in the DSM-5 criteria. Deficient emotion regulation is more typically part of the symptom definition of other psychopathological disorders, such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), CD, or disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DSM-5; for children up to 8 years). 11However, an estimated 50 to 75% of children with ADHD also present symptoms of emotion dysregulation, for example, anger, irritability, low tolerance for frustration, and outbursts, or sometimes express inappropriate positive emotions. The presence of these symptoms increases the risk for further comorbidities, such as ODD and also for anxiety disorders. 1213For adult ADHD, emotional irritability is a defining symptom according to the Wender Utah criteria, and has been confirmed as a primary ADHD symptom by several studies (e.g., Hirsch et al). 51415
Is ADHD a neurodevelopmental disorder?
ADHD is defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder. Its diagnostic classification is based on the observation of behavioral symptoms. ADHD according to the DSM-5 continues to be a diagnosis of exclusion and should not be diagnosed if the behavioral symptoms can be better explained by other mental disorders (e.g., psychotic disorder, mood or anxiety disorder, personality disorder, substance intoxication, or withdrawal). 1However, comorbidity with other mental disorders is common.
Is subthreshold ADHD a dimensional disorder?
Recent research on subthreshold ADHD argues in favor of a dimensional rather than categorical understanding of the ADHD construct, as its core symptoms and comorbid features are dimensionally distributed in the population. 161718Subthreshold ADHD is common in the population, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 10%. 19According to Biederman and colleagues, clinically referred children with subthreshold ADHD symptoms show a similar amount of functional deficits and comorbid symptoms to those with full ADHD, but tend to come from higher social-class families with fewer family conflicts, to have fewer perinatal complications, and to be older and female (for the latter two, a confound with DSM-IV criteria cannot be excluded). 20
