There are four treatments for abnormality that you need to know for the exam: Physiological Treatment = Biological treatments (DRUGS & CBT) Psychological Treatments = Behavioural treatments (SYSTEMATIC DESENSITISATION)
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What are the methods of abnormal psychology?
Experimental Method 4. Follow up Method. 1. Case History Method: This method is unavoidable in abnormal psychology. To diagnose the cause of abnormality it is the first step to the study of abnormal personality. Case history technique is urgently necessary to trace the history of the patient.
What treatments do you need to know for the exam?
There are four treatments for abnormality that you need to know for the exam: Physiological Treatment = Biological treatments (DRUGS & CBT) Psychological Treatments = Behavioural treatments (SYSTEMATIC DESENSITISATION) Combined Cognitive and Behavioural treatments (CBT)
How to write a clinical assessment of abnormal behavior?
Describe clinical assessment and methods used in it. Clarify how mental health professionals diagnose mental disorders in a standardized way. Discuss reasons to seek treatment and the importance of psychotherapy. 3.1. Clinical Assessment of Abnormal Behavior Define clinical assessment. Clarify why clinical assessment is an ongoing process.
What are the different types of treatments for psychological disorders?
The most common treatments for psychological disorders are medications and psychotherapy. Other treatments may also prove beneficial. Many types of expressive therapies and special treatments like electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation are also available.
What are 3 treatment methods for mental disorders?
They include:Psychotherapy or counseling. This also is called talk therapy. ... Prescription medicine. ... Support groups. ... Other therapies. ... ECT or other brain stimulation therapy. ... Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. ... Hospital or residential treatment program.
What are the 4 Ds of abnormality?
Psychologists often classify behavior as abnormal using 4 D's: deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger.
How is abnormality treated?
The two most common types of treatment are psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment. Psychotherapies come in a variety of theoretical orientations and formats. The most common treatment orientations are psychodynamic, humanistic, behavioral, cognitive, biomedical, and integrated.
What are 4 methods of treatments for mental illness?
Mental Health TreatmentsPsychotherapy. Psychotherapy is the therapeutic treatment of mental illness provided by a trained mental health professional. ... Medication. Medication does not outright cure mental illness. ... Hospitalization. ... Support Group. ... Complementary & Alternative Medicine. ... Self Help Plan. ... Peer Support.
What are the 4 D's define each?
The “Four D's” consisting of deviance, dysfunction, distress, and danger can be a valuable tool to all practitioners when assessing reported traits, symptoms, or conditions in order to illuminate the point of at which these factors might represent a DSM IV-TR disorder.
What are the 4 principles of developmental psychopathology?
What are the 4 general principles of developmental psychopathology?...Terms in this set (15) Abnormality is normal. Disability changes year by year. Life may be better or worse in adulthood. Diagnosis and treatment reflect the social context.
What are the 4 types of talk therapies?
Different Types of Talk Therapy Talk therapy, also known as psychotherapy, branches out in many different directions, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), psychodynamic therapy, humanistic therapy, and more.
What are different types of therapy?
Approaches to psychotherapy fall into five broad categories:Psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapies. ... Behavior therapy. ... Cognitive therapy. ... Humanistic therapy. ... Integrative or holistic therapy.
What were treatments for abnormal behavior in earlier times?
The most common treatment was exorcism, often conducted by priests or other religious figures: Incantations and prayers were said over the person's body, and she may have been given some medicinal drinks.
What are the 4 types of mental health?
anxiety disorders. personality disorders. psychotic disorders (such as schizophrenia) eating disorders.
How many types of treatment are there for mental illness?
Most mental health practitioners practice one of six types of psychotherapy: Behavioral therapy. Cognitive therapy. Interpersonal therapy.
What are the two main types of treatment for psychological disorders?
Two types of therapy are psychotherapy and biomedical therapy. Both types of treatment help people with psychological disorders, but use different methodologies.
What are the treatments for abnormality?
There are four treatments for abnormality that you need to know for the exam: Physiological Treatment = Biological treatments (DRUGS & CBT) Psychological Treatments = Behavioural treatments (SYSTEMATIC DESENSITISATION) Combined Cognitive and Behavioural treatments (CBT)
Which approach states that all abnormal behaviour has a physical cause?
The Biological approach states that all abnormal behaviour has a physical cause.
Why is cognitive behavioural therapy used in the NHS?
Cognitive behavioural therapies are used in stress management, education, marital and family problems. A second strength is that CBT appeals to clients who find insight therapies (eg. Psychoanalysis) too threatening.
Who used the syringe for schizophrenia?
Originally used by Cerletti and Bini (1938) to help patients with schizophrenia but was deemed an ineffective treatment for schizophrenia.
What is clinical examination of overall appearance?
Clinical examination of overall appearance inspection of movable parts palpation, etc. Intensity, duration and change o body temperature With time are also examined by touching the body of the patient With the palm.
What is a patient's observation?
Observation of the patient for any gross abnormality in his posture or breathing or body temperature or any change in his eating habit or social behaviour.
What is the purpose of Delving into the patient’s past life and his family history to find out if?
Delving into the patient’s past life and his family history to find out if he has inherited it from any member of his immediate family, as happens with diabetes, asthma or sickle-cell anaemia.
Why use astronomical signs?
Use of astronomical signs to find any relationship, particularly in case of mental diseases.
What is hydrotherapy for?
Hydrotherapy (application of bath, massage and compression with cold or hot water). Hot baths are prescribed for fever, rheumatism. headache and body-pain. Hot and cold water compressions are frequently used in the treatment of sores, compressions are frequently used of sores in the treatment sprains, inflammations, swellings and rheumatism.
Why do clinicians use behavioral observations?
Clinicians often use behavioral observations to see how patients approach situations. They look at specific behavior and cause that behavior to be caused . An advantage is that you look at 'natural' behavior and not at a self-report of the behavior by the patient. A disadvantage is that people know that they are observed and behave differently, this is called reactivity. Moreover, this method is not objective. That is why the situation must be standardized.
Why is DSM IV more reliable?
The DSM-IV is more reliable because the criteria are tested in a clinical and research environment.
How good is the DSM III?
The reliability of the DSM-III was reasonably good, about 70%. The fact that the reliability was still not really high was due to several factors, but the most important is that the focus was on observable symptoms and not on the underlying factors.
What is the process of collecting symptoms and seeing what causes them?
An assessment is the process of collecting symptoms and seeing what causes them. A diagnosis is a label for a number of symptoms that often occur together.
What is the certainty that the outcome of the measurement remains the same?
The reliability is the certainty that the outcome of the measurement remains the same. Different types of reliability:
What is predictive validity?
Predictive validity: the extent to which a test can predict how a person thinks, acts or feels in the future.
Why do people use self-monitoring?
People can also apply self-monitoring, while keeping track of how often they perform a certain action per day and in which circumstances this happens. The advantage of self-observation is that people do not change their behavior because of the presence of another person (reactivity).
Why is it important to assess and diagnose abnormality?
Assessing and diagnosing abnormality is extremely important for the treatment of mental disorders and involves examining symptoms and their causes in order to group these symptoms together into a diagnosis of the problem. This is obviously a very important aspect of abnormal psychology, as conditions can be diagnosed and further researched in order to develop treatments for individuals sufferring from the disorder.
What is informed consent?
With the notion of informed consent consider the following scenario: You are a counselor who is developing a therapy group for girls and boys ages 10-12. Each group member has a diagnosis of either Conduct Disorder or Oppositional Defiant Disorder and has been selected to participate in a Gifted and Talented program at school
What does Hogan say about simplifying assessment tests?
Compare to what Hogan has listed below This is what Hogan say's about simplifying assessment test: Aim for simplicity. "Clever" items often don't work. Also, Hogan states that simple items almost always w
Why is it important to incorporate psychological treatment along with psychopharmacological treatment?
Because of this, it is also important to incorporate psychological treatment along with psychopharmacological treatment to both address medication adherence, as well as provide additional support for symptom management.
Why is problem solving important in family intervention?
Seeing as family conflict can increase stress within the home, which in return can lead to exacerbation and relapse of psychotic symptoms, family members benefit from learning effective methods of problem-solving to address family conflicts. Additionally, teaching positive coping strategies for dealing with the symptoms and their direct effect on the family environment may also alleviate some conflict within the home
What is the goal of CBT in schizophrenia?
When used in the context of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, CBT focuses on the maladaptive emotional and behavioral responses to psychotic experiences, which is directly related to distress and disability. Therefore, the goal of CBT is not on symptom reduction, but rather to improve the interpretations and understandings of these symptoms (and experiences) which will reduce associated distress (Kurtz, 2015). Common features of CBT in this context include: psychoeducation about their disorder, the course of their symptoms (i.e. ways to identify coming and going of delusions/hallucinations), challenging and replacing the negative thoughts/behaviors to more positive thoughts/behaviors associated with their delusions/hallucinations, and finally, learning positive coping strategies to deal with their unpleasant symptoms (Veiga-Martinez, Perez-Alvarez, & Garcia-Montes, 2008).
Is CBT a good treatment for schizophrenia?
Findings from studies exploring CBT as a supportive treatment have been promising. One study conducted by Aaron Beck (the founder of CBT) and colleagues (Grant, Huh, Perivoliotis, Stolar, & Beck, 2012) found that recovery-oriented CBT produced a marked improvement in overall functioning as well as symptom reduction in clients diagnosed with schizophrenia. This study suggests that by focusing on targeted goals such as independent living, securing employment, and improving social relationships, individuals were able to slowly move closer to these targeted goals. By also including a variety of CBT strategies such as role-playing, scheduling community outings, and addressing negative cognitions, individuals were also able to address cognitive and social skill deficits.
What is the behavioral approach to abnormal psychology?
The Behavioral Approach. As the name suggests, the behavioral approach to abnormal psychology focuses on the specific conduct of the afflicted individual. The behavioral approach emphasizes positive reinforcement. Positive behavior patterns are important to override the adverse, atypical behaviors.
What is the psychoanalytic approach to abnormal behavior?
The psychoanalytic approach of abnormal psychology emphasizes the roles which subconscious memories, thoughts, and urges wield on atypical conduct. In most cases, specialists who approach abnormal psychology from the psychoanalytic angle believe that studying subconscious memories, thoughts, and urges can help improve atypical behaviors. The psychoanalytic approach believes that looking into the feelings associated with the behaviors above makes a positive difference towards rehabilitation.
What is abnormal psychology?
Abnormal psychology examines psychopathology and abnormal behavior. The term covers a range of disorders. Included are mood disorders, personality disorders and any type of behavior that deviates from the norm. This particular branch of psychology is very important, especially when it comes to diagnosing and treating mental illness.
Why is abnormal psychology important?
This particular branch of psychology is very important, especially when it comes to diagnosing and treating mental illness. There are many factors that contribute to mental disorders. Abnormal psychology allows specialists to study, understand, and diagnose certain conditions. Reviewing Abnormal Psychology.
What is cognitive behavioral therapy?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is an excellent form of treatment that can treat mood disorders, which fall under the category of abnormal psychology.
What is neurodevelopmental therapy?
The treatment and rehabilitation, administered for various psychological disorders, vary and depend upon a series of factors. One primarily important factor is simply the approach which the specialist takes to the existence of abnormal psychology.
Why is it so hard to treat a psychotic disorder?
Disorders that have psychotic symptoms are especially difficult to treat. The reason is that when someone is in a psychotic state, they are out of touch with reality. So, they usually can't benefit from psychotherapy during those times. And these disorders are often severe and debilitating.
What are the two types of observation?
3.1.3.1. Observation. In Section 1.5.2.1 we talked about two types of observation – naturalistic, or observing the person or animal in their environment, and laboratory, or observing the organism in a more controlled or artificial setting where the experimenter can use sophisticated equipment and videotape the session to examine it at a later time. One-way mirrors can also be used. A limitation of this method is that the process of recording a behavior causes the behavior to change, called reactivity. Have you ever noticed someone staring at you while you sat and ate your lunch? If you have, what did you do? Did you change your behavior? Did you become self-conscious? Likely yes, and this is an example of reactivity. Another issue is that the behavior made in one situation may not be made in other situations, such as your significant other only acting out at the football game and not at home. This form of validity is called cross-sectional validity. We also need our raters to observe and record behavior in the same way or to have high inter-rater reliability.
Why are some disorders not included in the main body of the APA?
Additionally, some disorders were not included within the main body of the document because they did not have the scientific evidence to support their widespread clinical use, but were included in Section III under “Conditions for Further Study” to “highlight the evolution and direction of scientific advances in these areas to stimulate further research” (APA, 2013).
What are the three critical concepts of assessment?
The assessment process involves three critical concepts – reliability, validity, and standardization . Actually, these three are important to science in general. First, we want the assessment to be reliable or consistent. Outside of clinical assessment, when our car has an issue and we take it to the mechanic, we want to make sure that what one mechanic says is wrong with our car is the same as what another says, or even two others. If not, the measurement tools they use to assess cars are flawed. The same is true of a patient who is suffering from a mental disorder. If one mental health professional says the person suffers from major depressive disorder and another says the issue is borderline personality disorder, then there is an issue with the assessment tool being used (in this case, the DSM and more on that in a bit). Ensuring that two different raters are consistent in their assessment of patients is called interrater reliability. Another type of reliability occurs when a person takes a test one day, and then the same test on another day. We would expect the person’s answers to be consistent, which is called test-retest reliability. For example, let’s say the person takes the MMPI on Tuesday and then the same test on Friday. Unless something miraculous or tragic happened over the two days in between tests, the scores on the MMPI should be nearly identical to one another. What does identical mean? The score at test and the score at retest are correlated with one another. If the test is reliable, the correlation should be very high (remember, a correlation goes from -1.00 to +1.00, and positive means as one score goes up, so does the other, so the correlation for the two tests should be high on the positive side).
When was the DSM 5 published?
3.2.2.1. A brief history of the DSM. The DSM-5 was published in 2013 and took the place of the DSM IV-TR (TR means Text Revision; published in 2000), but the history of the DSM goes back to 1944 when the American Psychiatric Association published a predecessor of the DSM which was a “statistical classification of institutionalized mental patients” and “…was designed to improve communication about the types of patients cared for in these hospitals” (APA, 2013, p. 6). The DSM evolved through four major editions after World War II into a diagnostic classification system to be used psychiatrists and physicians, but also other mental health professionals. The Herculean task of revising the DSM began in 1999 when the APA embarked upon an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the DSM in coordination with the World Health Organization (WHO) Division of Mental Health, the World Psychiatric Association, and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). This collaboration resulted in the publication of a monograph in 2002 called A Research Agenda for DSM-V. From 2003 to 2008, the APA, WHO, NIMH, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA) convened 13 international DSM-5 research planning conferences “to review the world literature in specific diagnostic areas to prepare for revisions in developing both DSM-5 and the International Classification of Disease, 11th Revision (ICD-11)” (APA, 2013).
What is predictive validity?
Predictive validity is when a tool accurately predicts what will happen in the future. Let’s say we want to tell if a high school student will do well in college. We might create a national exam to test needed skills and call it something like the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). We would have high school students take it by their senior year and then wait until they are in college for a few years and see how they are doing. If they did well on the SAT, we would expect that at that point, they should be doing well in college. If so, then the SAT accurately predicts college success. The same would be true of a test such as the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) and its ability to predict graduate school performance.
How does a mental health professional assess a client?
For a mental health professional to be able to effectively help treat a client and know that the treatment selected worked (or is working), he/she first must engage in the clinical assessment of the client, or collecting information and drawing conclusions through the use of observation, psychological tests, neurological tests, and interviews to determine the person’s problem and the presenting symptoms. This collection of information involves learning about the client’s skills, abilities, personality characteristics, cognitive and emotional functioning, the social context in terms of environmental stressors that are faced, and cultural factors particular to them such as their language or ethnicity. Clinical assessment is not just conducted at the beginning of the process of seeking help but throughout the process. Why is that?
What is module 3 of the DSM-5?
Module 3 covers the issues of clinical assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. We will define assessment and then describe key issues such as reliability, validity, standardization, and specific methods that are used. In terms of clinical diagnosis, we will discuss the two main classification systems used around the world – the DSM-5 and ICD-10. Finally, we discuss the reasons why people may seek treatment and what to expect when doing so.
