What is a contraindication condition?
Conditions incorrectly perceived as contraindications or precautions to vaccination (i.e., vaccines may be given under these conditions)
Where can I find a list of contraindications and precautions?
The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention has created a Chart of Contraindications and Precautions to Commonly Used Vaccines. You can locate this chart at this link. It gives a run down of each common vaccine and whether the vaccine is contraindicated or if a precaution should be considered before a vaccination.
What is the difference between a precaution and contraindication?
A precaution on the other hand is an action taken to protect against possible harm or trouble or to limit the damage if something goes wrong. This would be more closely related to a relative contraindication.
What happens when a nurse identifies a medication as contraindicated?
When a nurse identifies that fact that a medication is contraindicated for a client, the nurse must communicate with the ordering physician in order to clarify this medication order.
What are the side effects contraindication?
A contraindication is a specific situation in which a drug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person. There are two types of contraindications: Relative contraindication means that caution should be used when two drugs or procedures are used together.
Which treatment is contraindicated?
Anything (including a symptom or medical condition) that is a reason for a person to not receive a particular treatment or procedure because it may be harmful. For example, having a bleeding disorder is a contraindication for taking aspirin because treatment with aspirin may cause excess bleeding.
What is precaution contraindication?
Contraindications are conditions that increase chances of a serious adverse reaction in vaccine recipients and the vaccine should not be administered when a contraindication is present. Precautions should be reviewed for potential risks and benefits for vaccine recipient.
What is drug indication and contraindication?
In medicine, a contraindication is a condition that serves as a reason not to take a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient. Contraindication is the opposite of indication, which is a reason to use a certain treatment.
What is a medication precaution?
Precautions are steps that you or others need to take when using these medications. This does not mean that you have to stop being around other people, but you will need to take special care to reduce the risk to others.
What is the difference between precautions and contraindications?
Many contraindications are temporary (e.g., pregnancy is a contraindication to live vaccine) and the vaccine can usually be given at a later time. Precaution: A condition that may increase the risk of an adverse reaction following immunization or that may compromise the ability of the vaccine to produce immunity.
What is another word for contraindications?
Contraindication Synonyms - WordHippo Thesaurus....What is another word for contraindication?allergyconditionsignsymptom1 more row
What are the three types of contraindications?
There are three kinds of common contraindications that would prevent or restrict your clients from receiving treatment: total, local or medical. You should assess each client individually to identify and address any contraindications in accordance with their severity.
Why is it important to identify contraindications?
Even if you have insurance in place that will provide you with cover you do not want to have a claim if you don't need to. Checking for contra indications prior to the treatment can easily prevent the possibility of a claim being made against you.
What is side effect in pharmacology?
Side effects, also known as adverse reactions, are unwanted undesirable effects that are possibly related to a drug. Side effects can vary from minor problems like a runny nose to life-threatening events, such as a heart attack or liver damage.
What does side effect definition?
Definition of side effect : a secondary and usually adverse effect (as of a drug) toxic side effects. — called also side reaction.
What is indication for use?
Indications for use cover the reasons or situations in which someone would use the device. Under what conditions will the product be used? This is a term that is also commonly used in other areas, such as for classifying drugs and medications.
What is relative contraindication?
Relative contraindication means that caution should be used when two drugs or procedures are used together. (It is acceptable to do so if the benefits outweigh the risk.)
What is a contraindication for surgery?
Contraindication. A contraindication is a specific situation in which a drug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person . There are two types of contraindications: Relative contraindication means that caution should be used when two drugs or procedures are used together.
Can you take aspirin and warfarin together?
For instance, a person who takes warfarin to thin the blood should not take aspirin, which is also a blood thinner. This is an example of a relative contraindication.
Is isotretinoin safe for pregnancy?
For example, isotretinoin, a drug used to treat acne is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy due to the risk of birth defects. Certain decongestants are contraindicated in people with high blood pressure and should be avoided.
What is the purpose of Flumazenil?
Flumazenil (Romazicon - brand discontinued) is used to reverse the sedative effect of a benzodiazepine when used for a medical procedure and for treatment in a benzodiazepine overdose. Flumazenil blocks the central effect of benzodiazepines by competitive interaction at the benzodiazepine receptor site.
How do benzodiazepine hypnotics differ from diazepam?
The benzodiazepine hypnotics shorten the time it takes to fall asleep and prolong the sleeping period. The main differences exist in how long they might remain in the body, possibly leading to prolonged side effects. For example, lorazepam has a much shorter duration than diazepam, allowing quicker clearance of the drug and theoretically less side effects. On the other hand, diazepam can remain in the system for days and boost the risk for long-term side effects, especially in the elderly.
Why do benzodiazepines increase in CYP3A4?
If benzodiazepines that are CYP3A4 or CYP2C19 substrates are used with another drug that inhibits (blocks) these enzymes, drug levels of the benzodiazepine may rise due to decreased metabolism and excretion . High drug levels mean a greater risk for side effects.
How do benzodiazepines work?
Benzodiazepines appear to work by blocking excessive activity of nerves in the brain and other areas in the central nervous system.
Which benzodiazepines work better?
Because of this, some benzodiazepines work better than others in the treatment of particular conditions. Common examples of benzodiazepines include alprazolam (brand: Xanax), diazepam (brand: Valium) and lorazepam (brand: Ativan). Common benzodiazepine uses: for sleep.
What is Clobazam used for?
Clobazam (Onfi) is used as an add-on (adjunct) benzodiazepine anticonvulsive treatment with other seizures medications in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Nayzilam (midazolam) and Valtoco (diazepam) are nasal sprays now approved for the treatment of seizure clusters (also known as acute repetitive seizures).
What is the best treatment for seizures?
For most types of acute or prolonged seizures or status epilepticus, an intravenous (IV) or rectal benzodiazepine would be the treatment of first choice.
What is the chart of contraindications?
The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention has created a Chart of Contraindications and Precautions to Commonly Used Vaccines. You can locate this chart at this link . It gives a run down of each common vaccine and whether the vaccine is contraindicated or if a precaution should be considered before a vaccination.
What is the CDC's recommendation for precautions?
More specifically in regards to precautions for vaccines, the CDC says, “Events or conditions listed as precautions should be reviewed carefully. Benefits of and risks for administering a specific vaccine to a person under these circumstances should be considered.
What is precaution in medicine?
A precaution on the other hand is an action taken to protect against possible harm or trouble or to limit the damage if something goes wrong. This would be more closely related to a relative contraindication.
What is contraindication in medicine?
According to medical dictionaries, a contraindication is any condition or circumstance where the use of a specific treatment or drug is not advised because it could harm the person . There are 2 types of contraindications, absolute or relative.
Is aspirin contraindicated for babies?
In a baby, for example, aspirin is absolutely contraindicated because of the danger that aspirin will cause. A relative contraindication is a condition which makes a particular treatment or procedure somewhat inadvisable but does not rule it out.
When can you give a child a hb shot?
It is recommended for all children under 5 years old in the US, and it is usually given to infants starting at 2 months old. The Hib vaccine can be combined with other vaccines. Some brands of vaccine contain Hib along with other vaccines in a single shot.
How to minimize side effects of corticosteroids?
Here are some tips to consider: Talk to your doctor about low or intermittent dosing. Make healthy lifestyle choices, like a healthy diet and exercising more often than not. Get a medical alert bracelet.
How do localized steroids work?
Localized steroids target a specific part of the body. These can be applied through: skin creams. eye drops. ear drops. inhalers to target the lungs. Systemic steroids move through the blood to assist more parts of the body. They can be delivered through oral medications, with an IV, or with a needle into a muscle.
Why do corticosteroids save lives?
Inflammation. In cases when inflammation causes damage to important organs, corticosteroids can save lives. Inflammation occurs when the body’s white blood cells are mobilized to protect against infection and foreign substances.
Why do we need cortisol?
arthritis. lupus. allergies. Corticosteroids resemble cortisol, a hormone naturally produced by the body’s adrenal glands. The body needs cortisol to stay healthy. Cortisol is a major player in a wide range of processes in the body, including metabolism, immune response, and stress.
What is the difference between localized and systemic steroids?
Localized steroids are used to treat conditions like asthma and hives. Systemic steroids treat conditions such as lupus and multiple sclerosis.
Can corticosteroids affect other medications?
a disease of the heart, liver, thyroid, or kidney. have had a recent surgery or serious injury. Corticosteroids can also alter the effects of other medications. However, the likelihood of interactions happening with steroid sprays or injections is low. Be careful what you eat when taking this medication, too.
Can steroids cause side effects?
Some side effects can occur with topical, inhaled, and injected steroids. However, most side effects come from oral steroids.
What are the changes to the best practice guidance?
Major changes to the best practice guidance in this section include 1) enhancement of the definition of a “precaution” to include any condition that might confuse diagnostic accuracy and 2) recommendation to vaccinate during a hospitalization if a patient is not acutely moderately or severely ill.
What is a DTAP?
DTaP. ( 38) Severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) after a previous dose or to a vaccine component. Encephalopathy (e.g., coma, decreased level of consciousness, prolonged seizures), not attributable to another identifiable cause, within 7 days of administration of previous dose of DTP or DTaP.
Is a fever a precaution to administer?
The presence of a moderate or severe acute illness with or without a fever is a precaution to administration of all vaccines ( Table 4-1 ). The decision to administer or delay vaccination because of a current or recent acute illness depends on the severity of symptoms and etiology of the condition.
Administration
- The administration of medications involves far more than handing an ordered medication to a client. The administration of medications entails the nurse's application of critical thinking skills, their professional judgment, their application of pathophysiology, and a thorough knowledge of t…
Staff
- When medications are ordered, the nurse must be knowledgeable about the indications, contraindication, side effects, adverse effects and the interactions associated with the medication, as found in a reliable resource such as the Physician's Desk Reference. If, and when, the nurse's knowledge of these things and the nurse's knowledge about the client and their condi…
Contraindications
- Like indications, virtually all medications have contraindications against their use. Some of the most commonly occurring contraindications for medications include:
Interactions
- Some medications are compatible with other medications and others are not; and some intravenous fluids and medications are compatible with each other, and others are not. Compatible medications can be safely administered in one syringe for an intramuscular medication and non compatible medications cannot be given in the same syringe. At times inco…
Risks
- Allergic reactions to medications can be minor and they can also be very serious and life threatening, Nurses, therefore, must assess clients and identify any possible allergies to the medications. These allergies can be assessed with the client's medical history and they can also be assessed when a client is getting a medication to which they have never had a prior allergic r…
Adverse effects
- Commonly occurring medication allergies include allergies to penicillin which can be particularly dangerous and life threatening, allergies to sulfonamides, and allergic reactions to cephalosporin medications. It is estimated that about ten percent of people have had a reaction to penicillin. Some of these reactions are an allergic response to the penicillin, and others are simply a side e…
Signs and symptoms
- If a medication is administered after a \"sensitizing dose\", this second exposure or dose can lead to anaphylaxis, or anaphylactic shock which is a form of distributive shock. The signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock are decreased cardiac output, a drastic and dramatic drop in the client's blood pressure, tachycardia with a bounding pulse, the massive coll…
Purpose
- Nurses collect, analyze and document objective and subjective data from clients in reference to any actual or potential side effects and adverse reactions, in addition to the allergies as discussed immediately above, relating to prescribed medications, over the counter preparations, and herbal supplements as part of the client's medical history.
Diagnosis
- There are times when a client may state that they are allergic to something, including foods and medications, when indeed, they may not be. For this reason, nurses will, therefore, record the client's subjective comments about this \"allergy\" and also how they know or believe that they are allergic to something or that they have had an adverse reaction to a medication, an herbal suppl…
Contents
- In addition to other patient and family education, clients and family members should be given complete information about all the drugs that they are or will be taking. The contents of this education should minimally include:
Roles
- In addition to the nurse's awareness of and knowledge about the interactions that can occur among medications in all routes and forms, the nurse must also be knowledgeable the interactions of medications and fluids. Based on this knowledge, the nurse monitors and assesses clients for all anticipated interactions and intervenes accordingly. In addition to all the …
Overview
- Benzodiazepines are a class of medications that work in the central nervous system and are used for a variety of medical conditions, such as anxiety, seizures, and for alcohol withdrawal. Benzodiazepines appear to work by blocking excessive activity of nerves in the brain and other areas in the central nervous system. As a class, benzodiazepines ar...
Introduction
- Benzodiazepines are a large drug class and have a long history of development, starting with the first FDA-approvals in the 1960s, chloridiazepoxide (Librium) and diazepam (Valium). There are many options available within the class, and most benzodiazepines are now available generically, making them very affordable.
Prevention
- In the past, benzodiazepines, especially when used as a sedative-hypnotic for sleep, were touted as safer alternatives to the older barbiturates, which could lead to fatal overdose, particularly when combined with alcohol. Traditional benzodiazepines taken alone are rarely associated with lethal overdoses, but when combined with other sedatives or alcohol, the risk greatly increases. …
Prognosis
- *The half-life is the amount of time it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated from the body. The shorter the half-life, the quicker the drug is eliminated, and the faster any bothersome side effects can subside.
Mechanism of action
- Benzodiazepines work in the central nervous system, selectively occupying certain protein areas in the brain called GABA-A receptors. There are three types of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric) receptors in the brain: GABA-A, GABA-B, and GABA-C. GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (a chemical that help to block a nerve action). GABA helps to regul…
Signs and symptoms
- Alcohol withdrawal is diagnosed in a patient with a history of heavy and prolonged alcohol use and a sudden reduction or complete abstinence from alcohol. Alcohol withdrawal produces changes in the body, such as:
Treatment
- Medications such as benzodiazepines are a first-line treatment for acute alcohol withdrawal. Benzodiazepines reduce withdrawal symptoms and may be life-saving for the patient. Commonly used medicines in this group include: chlordiazepoxide (Librium), diazepam (Valium), and lorazepam (Ativan). Lorazepam (Ativan) or oxazepam (Serax) may be preferred in patients with l…
Epidemiology
- Anxiety and worry is a common problem in adults; however, when chronic, unwarranted worry lasts for a period of six months or longer and interferes with normal daily activities, this may be diagnosed as Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). GAD is the most frequent anxiety disorder, affecting 6.8 million adults or about 3% of the U.S. population, but more than half remain untreat…
Medical uses
- Antidepressants (SSRIs/SNRIs) are considered first-line therapy for most patients, and benzodiazepines may play an adjunctive role in the treatment of GAD to address acute symptoms while the antidepressant takes effect. Only short-term use of low-dose benzodiazepines (2 to 6 weeks) is recommended, with a slow, gradual tapering once the antidepressant effect takes hol…
Effects
- The patient may remain awake but sedated, and usually there is no recollection of the procedure. Most patients can respond to verbal cues or tactile commands. This type of sedation allows the patient to recover more quickly from anesthesia, but they will need someone to drive them home and are usually drowsy until the next day, so will need to take a full day off of work. There is nor…
Side effects
- Drowsiness, sleepiness, or dizziness are the most commonly reported side effects with this drug class. Driving or operating machinery or perform other hazardous tasks can be dangerous while using these drugs. Drinking alcohol in combination with benzodiazepines may heighten these effects. Unusual sleep behaviors and anterograde amnesia may occur with traditional benzodiaz…
Contraindications
- In the elderly, benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepine agents should be avoided, as recommended by the Beers Criteria, an expert opinion-developed guideline addressing safe drug use in the elderly. In general, benzodiazepines should NOT be used in pregnancy.
Interactions
- Important: Many drug interactions can occur with benzodiazepines; therefore, a drug interaction screen completed by a healthcare provider is an important step each time a new drug is added or discontinued in any treatment regimen. Many traditional benzodiazepines are broken down in the liver and when combined with drugs that block this action, blood levels can rise, leading to side …
Examples
- Examples of other drugs that may be additive to the central nervous system depression if combined with benzodiazepine include: Examples of drugs that are considered CYP3A4 inhibitors include: Examples of drugs that are considered CYP2C19 inhibitors include:
Adverse effects
- Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death.